I am trying to use OpenBLAS libraries. I have downloaded the pre compiled libraries OpenBLAS-v0.2.14-Win64-int64.zip from http://sourceforge.net/projects/openblas/files/v0.2.14/. I extracted the archives to my C:\ directory. Then I've tryied to run this simple c program:
#include <cblas.h>
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int i=0;
double A[6] = {1.0,2.0,1.0,-3.0,4.0,-1.0};
double B[6] = {1.0,2.0,1.0,-3.0,4.0,-1.0};
double C[9] = {.5,.5,.5,.5,.5,.5,.5,.5,.5};
cblas_dgemm(CblasColMajor, CblasNoTrans, CblasTrans,3,3,2,1,A, 3, B, 3,2,C,3);
for(i=0; i<9; i++){
printf("%lf ", C[i]);}
printf("\n");
}
using this command:
C:\Users\MWAHAHA\Documents\Programas>x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -o hello -IC:\OpenBLAS-v0.2.14-Win64-int64\include -LC:\OpenBLAS-v0.2.14-Win64-int64\lib\libopenblas -libopenblas testeoblas.c
and got the following message:
C:/TDM-GCC-64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/5.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: cannot find -libopenblas
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Also, if I use this command:
C:\Users\MWAHAHA\Documents\Programas>x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -o hello -IC:\OpenBLAS-v0.2.14-Win64-int64\includes testeoblas.c
I got this message:
testeoblas.c:1:19: fatal error: cblas.h: No such file or directory
compilation terminated.
I am using the TDM-GCC-64 compiler.
This is probably very elementary, but I have no experience with linking libraries. What am I doing wrong?
I guess you've somehow managed to compile since this was more than 6 years ago . I'll leave a comment for future solution seekers, though:
It seems that the options -I and -L don't work. Alternatively, one can define the $CPATH and $LIBRARY_PATH variables to point to the folders containing include files and library files, respectively. (at least on Linux where both methods work).
see this blog post
Related
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int exp_for_level(int n) {
return (int)(100 * pow(n, 2.3));
}
int main(){
int x;
x = exp_for_level(6);
printf("%d", x);
return 0;
}
I receive the following error when I run this code on an online compiler
/tmp/cc28S7ML.o: In function exp_for_level':
main.c:(.text+0x19): undefined reference to `pow'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
How do I rectify this?
After I couldn't get it to work on the online compiler, I followed advice from some other threads on
The file is stored under a file grades.c on my mac
I've tried entering this
$ gcc - Wall - lm -o grades grade . c
into my terminal and i just get zsh error: command not found
Any ideas on what the issue is here too?
The online compiler I'm using is
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/compile_c_online.php
EDIT: in my post, in main I'd miswritten the function as exp_to_level instead of exp_for_level. Didn't copy paste the entire code as it's too long. I narrowed it down and retyped it to the portion that yields the error.
There are some errors in your code, you have defined a function exp_for_level but you use exp_to_level.
Then your x variable is not defined
If you fix your code like this:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int exp_for_level(int n) {
return (int)(100 * pow(n, 2.3));
}
int main(){
int x = exp_for_level(6);
printf("%d", x);
return 0;
}
and you compile:
gcc -Wall powtest.c -o powtest -lm
it works.
About the error on the online compiler:
The undefined reference error occurs because you are missing -lm linker option.
Edit the online compiler command clicking on Project->Compile Options:
About this problem on your local machine:
After I couldn't get it to work on the online compiler, I followed
advice from some other threads on The file is stored under a file
grades.c on my mac I've tried entering this
$ gcc - Wall - lm -o grades grade . c
into my terminal and i just get zsh error: command not found
you don't have the compiler installed.
You should install clang, Have a look to this question
First of all your function name is wrong in the main take a look here exp_for_level
and in main its exp_to_level change one of them then also add int x in main to solve the issue.
I'm trying to get the ADC running on beaglebone black. The OS is Debian GNU/Linux 7.7. I'm using C language. When I try to compile the following code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include "pruio_c_wrapper.h"
#include "pruio_pins.h"
int main(int argc, const char *argv[]) {
PruIo *io = pruio_new(0, 0x98, 0, 1);
if (io->Errr) {
printf("Initialisation failed (%s)\n", io->Errr);
return 1;
}
if(pruio_config(io, 0, 0x1FE, 0, 4, 0)){
printf("Config failed (%s)\n", io->Errr);
return 1;
}
int a = 0;
int i;
while(1){
printf("\r%12o %12o %12o %12o %4X %4X %4X %4X %4X %4X %4X %4X\n", io->Gpio[0].Stat, io->Gpio[1].Stat, io->Gpio[2].Stat, io->Gpio[3].Stat, io->Value[1], io->Value[2], io->Value[3], io->Value[4], io->Value[5], io->Value[6], io->Value[7], io->Value[8]);
fflush(STDIN_FILENO);
usleep(1000);
}
pruio_destroy(io);
return 0;
}
But I get the following error:
undefined reference to 'pruio_new'
undefined reference to 'pruio_config'
I installed everything like FreeBasic compiler and pruss driver kit for freebasic and BBB and libpruio. I also copied all the header files in the same directory as the .c file, including "pruio_c_wrapper.h", "pruio-pins.h", "pruio.h" and all the other files in the src directory of libpruio. But it doesn't work.
Could you please tell me what to do?
Thanks
libfb is the FreeBASIC run-time library. When you want to compile against the old libpruio-0.0.x versions, you'll need an old FreeBASIC installation from
www{dot}freebasic-portal.de/dlfiles/452/bbb_fbc-0.0.2.tar.xz
Which installs /usr/local/lib/freebasic/libfb.so.
See the libpruio-0.0.x C example codes for compiler command line arguments (ie. header section of io_input.c).
But I recommend to use the new version libpruio-0.2 from (the last post links to the documentation of this new version)
http://www.freebasic-portal.de/dlfiles/592/libpruio-0.2.tar.bz2
which doesn't have this pitfalls, gcc compiles without FB installation, and provides new features like pinmuxing, PWM, CAP. There're small bugs in this versions C header, which is now named pruio.h: a missing enum and a copy / paste bug regarding a function name. See this thread for details:
http://www.freebasic.net/forum/viewtopic.php?f=14&t=22501
BR
Ok, I downloaded it, the binaries are in libpruio-0.0.2/libpruio/src/c_wrapper and so are the include files, copy the headers and libpruio.so to the same directory where the test.c file resides, and then
For the includes, you need to to append libpruio's include directory to the compiler command using -I. then you can do
#include <pruio_c_wrapper.h>
#include <pruio_pins.h>
You need to append the library to the linker command, with
-L. -lpruio
your complete compilation command will be then
gcc -o test -I. -L. -lpruio test.c
I am working on this tutorial on building your own LISP (http://www.buildyourownlisp.com/chapter4_interactive_prompt) and for some reason when I try to compile I get this:
REPL.c:4:10: fatal error: 'editline/readline.h' file not found
#include <editline/history.h>
^
1 error generated.
I have installed the macOS developer tools, and brew is showing readline is installed and it doesn't know what to do when I try brew install editline.
This is my code:
1 #include <stdio.h>
2 #include <stdlib.h>
3 #include <editline/readline.h>
4 #include <editline/history.h>
5
6 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
7
8 /* version/exit info */
9 puts("Edward Version 0.0.1");
10 puts("Press Ctrl+c to Exit\n");
11
12 /* endless loop for main REPL */
13 while (1) {
14 /* output prompt and read line */
15 char* input = readline("lispy> ");
16
17 /* put input in history */
18 add_history(input);
19
20 /* Echo input back */
21 printf("No you're a %s\n", input);
22
23 /* free input */
24 free(input);
25 }
26 return 0;
27 }
It is obviously very basic, but I really want to get this project rolling so I'm hoping I can figure this out. This is what I'm using to compile:
cc -std=c99 -Wall REPL.c -ledit -o REPL
Include only
#include <editline/readline.h>
which should exist if the command line tools are installed. This file contains the
"readline wrapper" for libedit, including the history functions as well.
An include file <editline/history.h> does not exist on OS X.
I tested your code with that modification, and it compiled and ran without problems.
Using OSX Yosemite. I removed #include<editline/history.h>
and then used cc -std=c99 -Wall test.c -ledit -o test
Works fine now
I'm on El Capitan,
Remove #include <editline/history.h>,
and use cc -std=c99 -Wall test.c -ledit -o test works for me.
Add the flag -ledit before the output flad, it's a linking process, allows the compiler to directly embed calls to editline in your program. Or, you'll get the below error message,
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
"_add_history", referenced from:
_main in prompt-086f90.o
"_readline", referenced from:
_main in prompt-086f90.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
I'm on Ubuntu 14.04.
try this:
sudo apt-get install libeditline-dev
and include like this:
#include <editline.h>
finally compile like this:
add -leditline in the flag
I hope this can help.
I'm on OSX Mavericks and removing the line worked for me:
#include <editline/history.h>
The solution for those following along on FreeBSD (might work on other Unices as well):
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <readline/readline.h>
#include <readline/history.h>
...
And run:
$ cc test.c -Wall -std=c99 -lreadline -o test
Without "-lreadline" in the compile step it is not linked in and you will get errors about undefined reference to "readline" function.
I started in on Build your own list and ran into the same problem.
None of the above answers worked for me. After a little research I found out that macOs doesn't have the gnu readline library that provides the readline functions, Different versions of MacOs provide emulation of readline using a library called editline. to begin...
man editline
#include <histedit.h>
Ok, editline gives you some structs for line input and history,
and functions to operate on them. First you have to instantiate these structs. The documentation for editline is not very helpful because it doesn't contain any examples. Apple makes the header file available so that helps a little. http://www.opensource.apple.com/source/libedit/libedit-13/src/histedit.h
I am new to this and it was still pretty confusing to me. there is some version of the source code to libedit available as a debian package. Fortunately someone wiser than I has already dug into it and implemented a command line using lbedit. His code is here: https://www.cs.utah.edu/~bigler/code/libedit.html.
I took Mr Bigler's code, and the code from Build your own list, and put them together to get this.
/* repl-macos.c
* Repl code example from builyourownlisp.com
* Modified by NB aug 2017
* Code example for editline from
* www.cs.utah.edu/~bigler/code/libedit.html
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <histedit.h>
char* prompt(EditLine *e){
return "lispy> ";
}
int main(int argc, char** argv){
EditLine *el; // Line editor state
History *herstory; // the rest is history
// Temp Variables
int count;
const char *usrin;
int keepreading = 1;
HistEvent ev;
// Initialize the editline state
el = el_init(argv[0], stdin, stdout, stderr);
el_set(el, EL_PROMPT, &prompt);
el_set(el, EL_EDITOR, "emacs");
// Initialize history
herstory = history_init();
if(!herstory){
fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't initialize history\n");
return 1;
}
//set history size
history(herstory, &ev, H_SETSIZE, 800);
// Set up the call back functions for history functionality
el_set(el, EL_HIST, history, herstory);
puts("Begin moLisp interpreter");
puts("Type 'exit' at prompt to exit");
while(keepreading){
usrin = el_gets(el, &count);
// add the command to the history, and echo it back to the user
if(count > 0){
history(herstory, &ev, H_ENTER, usrin);
if(strcmp(usrin, "exit\n"))
printf("No, You're a %s", usrin);
else{
puts("bye");
--keepreading;
}
}
}
// Clean up memory
// by freeing the memory pointed to within the structs that
// libedit has created.
history_end(herstory);
el_end(el);
return 0;
}
Notice: The instantiation of the structs that are used happens outside of
the while loop, and so do the functions that free the memory those structs are using. Because of this, I added the command to exit, otherwise I think there's a memory leak if the only way to exit the while loop is by interrupting the program. To compile:
gcc repl-macos.c -ledit -Wall -o repl-edit
-ledit is needed to link editline
If it has any relevance, I am using macOs 10.4.11
and here's my compiler, output of
gcc --version
powerpc-apple-darwin8-gcc-4.0.0 (GCC) 4.0.0 20041026 (Apple Computer, Inc. build 4061)
Now the only problem with this, and the book points this out, is that
c-code is supposed to be portable and this isn't. The next step would be to add preprocessor directives so that it uses readline on linux and editline on macos.
If you are on ubuntu add the editline library
sudo apt-get install libtedit-dev
On Debian Buster 10, I had to install the package with:
sudo apt install libeditline-dev
Instead of:
#include <editline/readline.h>
#include <editline/history.h>
I just included:
#include <editline.h>
ran the program with -leditline flag and worked perfectly.
I need to create an application to extract one file from zip archive, after which I want to compile it for Android.
I'm using Ubuntu, with libzip-0.10.1 pre-installed.
I created C project in Eclipse, added include path and found simple script for extracting file. Unfortunately I cannot get the following to build and I could use some advice.
// zip.c file
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <zip.h>
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
struct zip *zip_file;
struct zip_file *file_in_zip;
int err;
int files_total;
int file_number;
int r;
char buffer[10000];
if (argc < 3) {
fprintf(stderr,"usage: %s <zipfile> <fileindex>\n",argv[0]);
return -1;
};
zip_file = zip_open(argv[1], 0, &err);
if (!zip_file) {
fprintf(stderr,"Error: can't open file %s\n",argv[1]);
return -1;
};
file_number = atoi(argv[2]);
files_total = zip_get_num_files(zip_file);
if (file_number > files_total) {
printf("Error: we have only %d files in ZIP\n",files_total);
return -1;
};
file_in_zip = zip_fopen_index(zip_file, file_number, 0);
if (file_in_zip) {
while ( (r = zip_fread(file_in_zip, buffer, sizeof(buffer))) > 0) {
printf("%s",buffer);
};
zip_fclose(file_in_zip);
} else {
fprintf(stderr,"Error: can't open file %d in zip\n",file_number);
};
zip_close(zip_file);
return 0;
};
Also I added few .h files to include directory in my project and few .c files to directory with zip.c file. After that all dependences was good, but I have an error:
‘struct zip’ has no member named ‘default_password’ in file zip_fopen_index.c
The file zip_fopen_index.c is:
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "zipint.h"
ZIP_EXTERN struct zip_file *
zip_fopen_index(struct zip *za, zip_uint64_t fileno, int flags)
{
return zip_fopen_index_encrypted(za, fileno, flags, za->default_password); // error here
}
First of all allow me some comments:
Your program is not compiled and linked by Eclipse.
Compiling is done by the compiler (gcc using option -c):
make all
Building file: ../zip.c
Invoking: GCC C Compiler
gcc -O0 -g3 -Wall -c -fmessage-length=0 -MMD -MP -MF"zip.d" -MT"zip.d" -o "zip.o" "../zip.c"
Finished building: ../zip.c
Linking is done by the linker (via the compiler using option -o):
Invoking: GCC C Linker
gcc -o "unzipper" ./zip.o
./main.o: In function `zip':
/home/alk/workspace/unzipper/Debug/../zip.c:20: undefined reference to `zip_open'
/home/alk/workspace/unzipper/Debug/../zip.c:27: undefined reference to `zip_get_num_files'
/home/alk/workspace/unzipper/Debug/../zip.c:33: undefined reference to `zip_fopen_index'
/home/alk/workspace/unzipper/Debug/../zip.c:35: undefined reference to `zip_fread'
/home/alk/workspace/unzipper/Debug/../zip.c:38: undefined reference to `zip_fclose'
/home/alk/workspace/unzipper/Debug/../zip.c:43: undefined reference to `zip_close'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
Eclipse provides a framework helping you in managing all sources and their references as also spawing compiler and linker tasks and setting their options.
When the linker told you there where undefined references to the zip_*function during the build of your program, the cause for this was, you were missing to tell the linker (via the compiler, via Eclipse) where those zip_* functions could be found.
Those zip_* functions are located in a library, namely libzip.
So what you as the programmer need to tell the linker (via the compiler, via Eclipse) is to link those functions against what the compiler compiled from your sources.
As the result the linker is able to create a runnable program from your compiled sources together with all libraries needed. Certain libraries are know to Eclipse (and therfore to the linker) by default, for example the one containing the C standard functions, namely libc.
To get things going:
1 Remove the source files you pulled from the libzip librarie's sources from your project. Those sources had been compiled into the library libzip, which you will use in your project.
2 Tell the linker (via Eclipse) to use libzip for your project.
Do so by following the steps below:
open the project's properties
click 'C/C++ General'
click 'Path and Symbols', on the left select the 'Libraries' tab, there click 'Add' and enter zip
finally click 'OK'
3 Then try to build your program:
Building target: unzipper
Invoking: GCC C Linker
gcc -o "unzipper" ./zip.o -lzip
Finished building target: unzipper
(Please note additional option -lzip!)
If the developement version of 'libzip' had been installed properly before, you should be fine.
PS: unzipper was the name I used for the Eclispe project to produce the examples.
PSS: I used Eclipse Juno SR1
I installed Cilk successfully on my home computer, a 32-bit machine running Ubuntu. I replicated the process to the best of my knowledge on my 64-bit Ubuntu netbook, excepting, of course, that I downloaded the 64-bit version instead of the 32-bit version. When attempting to run the very simple cilkexample.c copied below, however, I get very very many errors, all seeming related to it not having access to library files:
In file included from /usr/include/stdio.h:28,
from cilkexample.c:1:
/usr/include/features.h:323:26: error: bits/predefs.h: No such file or director\
y
/usr/include/features.h:356:25: error: sys/cdefs.h: No such file or directory
/usr/include/features.h:388:23: error: gnu/stubs.h: No such file or directory
In file included from cilkexample.c:1:
/usr/include/stdio.h:36:25: error: bits/types.h: No such file or directory
/usr/include/stdio.h:161:28: error: bits/stdio_lim.h: No such file or directory
/usr/include/stdio.h:846:30: error: bits/sys_errlist.h: No such file or directo\
ry
In file included from /usr/include/stdio.h:34,
from cilkexample.c:1:
/usr/local/cilk/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.2.4/include/stddef.h:\
214: error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before ‘typede\
f’
In file included from cilkexample.c:1:
/usr/include/stdio.h:49: error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conve\
rsion before ‘typedef’
et cetera, et cetera, et cetera.
Here is the file I attempted to compile with the command cilk++ -o cilkexample cilkexample.c:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <cilk.h>
int foo() {
return 100;
}
int bar() {
return 50;
}
int cilk_main(int argc, char **argv) {
int x, y;
x = cilk_spawn foo();
y = cilk_spawn bar();
cilk_sync;
printf("Got %d %d, expecting %d %d\n", x, y, 100, 50);
return 0;
}
Again, I think this has to be a configuration problem. The code is unmodified from the working version our professor distributed, which I tested on a separate machine.
Last bit of information I can think of is the PATH.
******#********:~/Path/To/Cilk$ echo $PATH
/usr/local/cilk/bin/:/usr/lib/lightdm/lightdm:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games
Thanks for your help!
Looks like you are missing some headers. You say you are on Ubuntu in which headers are distributed in xxx-dev packages.
Googling for some of the headers in your error I found that bits/types.h are part of libc6-dev on Debian, you should check that you have that package at least.
You should check with your distro in what package the files appear, I don't have a Debian or Ubuntu machine available to check on right now.
Edit: I found myself an Ubuntu box and it looks like libc6-dev contains all the files listed at least. dpkg-query -S [file] gives you package name