fscanf() causing segmentation fault - c

Question

I am writing some code in C to read some file data in arrays and keep getting a segmentation fault compiling with gcc. It reads the file up to 11th line of data then gives the fault. Been through some other similar questions on here but can't find a solution.
Thanks
code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <string.h>
int ainb(char a[],char b[])//returns 0 if str b contains a returns 1 otherwise
{
int i=0,j0=-1,j1=0,count=0;
if(strlen(b)<strlen(a)) {return 1;}
for(i=0;i<strlen(b);i++) {
if((b[i]==a[j1])&&(j1==j0+1)){
j0=j1;j1++;
} else {
j0=-1;j1=0;
}
if((j1+1)==strlen(a)) {break;}
}
if((j1+1)==strlen(a)){
return 0;
} else {
return 1;
}
}
void read_pdb(FILE* fp,char **atm,int *atnum,char **name,char **res,char *chain,int *resnum,double *x,double *y,double *z,double *occ,double *bfac,char **elem,double ac[2][3]) //reads file lines and stores in arrays
{
printf("\nReading pdb data\n");
int i=0,j=0;
char buff[7];
fpos_t position;
while(!feof(fp))
{
fgetpos(fp,&position);fgets(buff,sizeof buff,fp);
if((ainb("ATOM",buff)==0)||(ainb("HETATM",buff)==0))
{
fsetpos(fp,&position);printf("\ngetting position %d\n",i+1);
fscanf(fp,"%6s%5d %4s %3s %1s%4d %8lf%8lf%8lf%6lf%6lf %2s \n",atm[i],&atnum[i],name[i],res[i],&chain[i],&resnum[i],&x[i],&y[i],&z[i],&occ[i],&bfac[i],elem[i]);
printf("\nnode %d data found\n",i+1);
printf("\n%6s%5d %4s %3s %1s%4d %8.3lf%8.3lf%8.3lf%6.2lf%6.2lf %2s \n",atm[i],atnum[i],name[i],res[i],&chain[i],resnum[i],x[i],y[i],z[i],occ[i],bfac[i],elem[i]);
if(ainb("HETATM",atm[i])==0){
ac[j][0]=x[i];ac[j][1]=y[i];ac[j][2]=z[i];j++;
}
i++;
}
}
printf("\n%d Atoms read\n",i);
}
void main()
{
double ac[2][3];
int N,k;
double *x,*y,*z,*occ,*bfac;
char **atm,**name,**res,**elem,*chain;
int *atnum,*resnum;
FILE *out;
out=fopen("OUT.pdb","r");//something to check for file
N=66;
//make dynamic arrays
x=(double*)malloc(N*sizeof(double));
y=(double*)malloc(N*sizeof(double));
z=(double*)malloc(N*sizeof(double));
occ=(double*)malloc(N*sizeof(double));
bfac=(double*)malloc(N*sizeof(double));
atnum=(int*)malloc(N*sizeof(int));
resnum=(int*)malloc(N*sizeof(int));
atm=(char**)malloc(N*sizeof(char));
name=(char**)malloc(N*sizeof(char));
res=(char**)malloc(N*sizeof(char));
elem=(char**)malloc(N*sizeof(char));
chain=(char*)malloc(N*sizeof(char));
for(k=0;k<N;k++)
{
atm[k]=(char*)malloc(7*sizeof(char));
name[k]=(char*)malloc(5*sizeof(char));
res[k]=(char*)malloc(4*sizeof(char));
elem[k]=(char*)malloc(3*sizeof(char));
}
//read in data
read_pdb(out,atm,atnum,name,res,chain,resnum,x,y,z,occ,bfac,elem,ac);
fclose(out);
printf("\n-------------------------------------------\nTest Complete\n");
free(x);
free(y);
free(z);
free(occ);
free(bfac);
free(elem);
free(name);
free(atm);
free(res);
free(resnum);
free(atnum);
free(chain);
}
The output is:
Reading pdb data
getting position 1
node 1 data found
ATOM 1 CA PRO A 1 4.612 0.903 5.089 1.00 24.97 C
getting position 2
node 2 data found
ATOM 2 CA SER A 2 3.526 0.341 3.809 1.00 59.99 C
getting position 3
node 3 data found
ATOM 3 CA ARG A 3 6.208 1.550 6.551 1.00 20.40 C
getting position 4
node 4 data found
ATOM 4 CA TRP A 4 5.912 2.348 4.388 1.00 50.28 C
getting position 5
node 5 data found
ATOM 5 CA GLE A 5 4.087 4.359 6.884 1.00 54.04 C
getting position 6
node 6 data found
ATOM 6 CA THR A 6 4.405 1.292 2.566 1.00 62.06 C
getting position 7
node 7 data found
ATOM 7 CA TYR A 7 3.327 3.041 5.205 1.00 50.46 C
getting position 8
node 8 data found
ATOM 8 CA VAL A 8 5.276 0.109 0.387 1.00 58.00 C
getting position 9
node 9 data found
ATOM 9 CA LEU A 9 2.992 3.190 3.084 1.00 41.48 C
getting position 10
node 10 data found
ATOM 10 CA CYS A 10 3.565 0.287 0.721 1.00 47.65 C
getting position 11
Segmentation fault (core dumped)

Answer 1

Lets consider this code:
name=(char**)malloc(N*sizeof(char));
for(k=0;k<N;k++)
{
name[k]=(char*)malloc(5*sizeof(char));
}
You allocate n*sizeof(char) array and try to store N pointers to char in it. But size of pointer to the char is greater than sizeof(char), so you get buffer overflow and undefined behavior even on the initialization stage. You are lucky and your program is not crashing at this stage, but it will fail on the array usage. To prevent this error you should use sizeof(char*) in your allocation code.

Answer 2

Rather than hard code the type, and get it wrong for name, let the compiler figure it out. Less code, easier to read and easier to code & maintain.
//bfac=(double*)malloc(N*sizeof(double));
//resnum=(int*)malloc(N*sizeof(int));
//name=(char**)malloc(N*sizeof(char)); OP was looking for `sizeof (char*)`
bfac = malloc(N * sizeof *bfac);
resnum = malloc(N * sizeof *resnum);
name = malloc(N * sizeof *name);
Also in C, no need to cast the result of malloc().