I'm trying to follow this tutorial
http://gnuarmeclipse.livius.net/blog/test-project/
to run a GNU ARM hello world.
I'm using eclipse luna on windows 8.1 x64.
I've installed the GNU ARM toolchain, and everything else the tutorial states.
The build passes, and gives the result specified in the tutorial
> 02:15:01 **** Build of configuration Debug for project ARMTest4 ****
> make all Building file: ../src/main.c Invoking: Cross ARM C Compiler
> arm-none-eabi-gcc -mcpu=cortex-m3 -mthumb -O0 -fmessage-length=0
> -fsigned-char -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -g3 -std=gnu11 -MMD -MP -MF"src/main.d" -MT"src/main.o" -c -o "src/main.o" "../src/main.c" Finished building: ../src/main.c Building target: ARMTest4.elf
> Invoking: Cross ARM C Linker arm-none-eabi-gcc -mcpu=cortex-m3 -mthumb
> -O0 -fmessage-length=0 -fsigned-char -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -g3 -Xlinker --gc-sections -Wl,-Map,"ARMTest4.map" --specs=rdimon.specs -Wl,--start-group -lgcc -lc -lc -lm -lrdimon -Wl,--end-group -o "ARMTest4.elf" ./src/main.o Finished building target: ARMTest4.elf Invoking: Cross ARM GNU Create Flash Image
> arm-none-eabi-objcopy -O ihex "ARMTest4.elf" "ARMTest4.hex" Finished
> building: ARMTest4.hex Invoking: Cross ARM GNU Print Size
> arm-none-eabi-size --format=berkeley "ARMTest4.elf" text data
> bss dec hex filename 8256 2396 260 10912
> 2aa0 ARMTest4.elf Finished building: ARMTest4.siz
>
> 02:15:06 Build Finished (took 5s.110ms)
Then, I try to run, and it fails, I have no idea why. It says "Error starting process"
The details in the error box state
> Error starting process. Cannot run program
> "C:\Users\Noam\workspace\cpp\ARMTest3\Debug\ARMTest3.elf": Launching
> failed Cannot run program
> "C:\Users\Noam\workspace\cpp\ARMTest3\Debug\ARMTest3.elf": Launching
> failed Cannot run program
> "C:\Users\Noam\workspace\cpp\ARMTest3\Debug\ARMTest3.elf": Launching
> failed
The only thing I can come up with is the code is supposed to run on some emulator and not my PC, which i have no idea how to do.
If this isn't the problem, please tell me what is.
I have also tried many other configurations for the hello world project, to no success.
My expected output for a working result: some console saying "Hello ARM world" to me.
Thanks.
You can't run ARM executables on an x64 processor. The tutorial expects you to have an ARM system available, like an emulator or a Raspberry Pi.
I can't make comments yet, so this is actually a follow up to wavemode's answer:
The quickest way to set up an emulator is with (depending on your platform) VirtualBox, or QEMU. Install Linux(or another OS that supports ARM binaries) into the image and boot from it. You'll need to transfer the binary to the emulated system, for example by SSH or HTTP.
Finding ARM images is relatively easy, and Debian, Fedora, ArchLinux, and others all provide pre-made images.
As others have stated, the GNU ARM tools are intended to target an external ARM microprocessor or microcontroller and the compiled programs will not run on your workstation.
There are a great number of ARM-based chips and development boards from several manufacturers that can be used with the GNU ARM tools and the idea is usually to create your own system with an embedded microcontroller. The program will need to be adapted for the specific microcontroller and board you are using.
The tutorial isn't clear, but the "Prerequisites" page linked from the tutorial has a section "Assign a device to the project", with a screenshot showing STM32F4-Discovery/STM32F407VG circled - I would assume the author is using that board.
The STM32 Discovery boards are low-cost (some under US$20), and include an ST-Link programmer/debugger and interesting peripherals to learn with. Other manufacturers usually have similar development boards featuring their parts.
Related
I followed this article on how to make a very simple kernel which prints "Hello, World". The files to my project are available on Github.
I built my cross compiler from this project. I use these command to cross compile, assemble, and build my ISO (CD-ROM image):
i686-elf-as boot.s -o boot.o
i686-elf-gcc -c kernel.c -o kernel.o -std=gnu99 -ffreestanding -O2 -Wall -Wextra
i686-elf-gcc -T linker.ld -o myos.bin -ffreestanding -O2 -nostdlib boot.o kernel.o -lgcc
mkdir -p isodir/boot/grub
cp myos.bin isodir/boot/myos.bin
cp grub.cfg isodir/boot/grub/grub.cfg
grub-mkrescue -o myos.iso isodir
When I tried to execute it on VirtualBox, it gives the following message:
FATAL: No bootable medium found! System halted.
Why am I getting this error, and how can I fix it?
P.S. I use Ubuntu subsystem for Windows 10
Likely there is a GRUB component missing or an incorrect version of Xorriso. In the Bare Bones article you linked to it says this:
You can easily create a bootable CD-ROM image containing the GRUB bootloader and your kernel using the program grub-mkrescue. You may need to install the GRUB utility programs and the program xorriso (version 0.5.6 or higher).
When using grub-mkrescue to make ISO images, more often than not unbootable ISOs is a result of Xorisso installation missing. If grub-mkrescue runs but doesn't produce ISOs at all then likely a GRUB component is missing. To ensure that you have all the GRUB and Xorriso components installed install the components on modern Ubuntu releases with:
sudo apt-get install grub2-common grub-pc xorriso
Then attempt to rebuild and rerun your ISO image in VirtualBox.
I have a program consisting of multiple C source files and I would like to execute it in qemu with a Cortex-M4/M7 CPU. I am using the following command to build the objects:
"arm-none-eabi-gcc" -c -mcpu=cortex-m4 -mthumb -fomit-frame-pointer -Wimplicit-fallthrough -O3 -Wall -Wshadow -Wcast-qual -Wno-long-long -Wno-unknown-pragmas
The linker creates a library:
arm-none-eabi-ar cru lib *.o
And the main is then linked to an executable:
"arm-none-eabi-gcc" -mthumb -specs=rdimon.specs main.o lib.a -lstdc++ -lm -L./lib/arm_none-eabi_gcc/ -o run_main
Now running this binary gives me:
qemu-arm -cpu cortex-m4 run_main
qemu: uncaught target signal 4 (Illegal instruction) - core dumped
Illegal instruction
It all works well when using Cortex-A9 as CPU, but the M-Models are troubling me. What am I doing wrong?
ARM Cortex-M MCUs always require custom linker script and startup code. Flash and RAM addresses are not standardized across vendors, and the interrupt vector table is device specific.
The linker command line should also specify the core via "-mcpu=cortex-m4" in order to link to the correct libraries (multilib).
I'm looking for a GNU toolchain:
target platform is aarch64 bare metal (cortex-a53/armv8-a)
host Mac OSX
Or by other words I need a bunch of aarch64-none-elf-* files
Any advise where could I get these tools?
Thanks
You don't need the -none- version of the toolchain anymore on aarch64. You can simply use aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc for instance, with the right parameters (no standard libs or headers):
aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc -march=armv8-a -nostdinc -fno-builtin -c -o main.o main.c
I am experimenting with cross compiling for ARM-Linux under Windows using Eclipse-Mars. My set-up is as follows:
Win10 x64
Eclipse Mars.2 Release (4.5.2)
GNU Toolchain for RaspberryPi (SysGCC)
Target platform: RaspberryPi2 running Raspian
Source project in 'C (not C++) using Linux Threads (pthreads)
I have knocked up a small 'C project using 'pthreads' which compiles under Eclipse and runs successfully on the Pi.
My problem is that Eclipse shows a number of errors in its Problems TAB to do with Linux's threads:
Type 'pthread_cond_t' could not be resolved
Type 'pthread_mutex_t' could not be resolved
Type 'pthread_t' could not be resolved
I have Eclipse as:
Cross GCC Compiler settings to use g++ with -std=c++11 -O0 -g3 -Wall -c -fmessage-length=0.
Cross G++ Compiler settings to use g++ with -std=c++11 -O0 -g3 -Wall -c -fmessage-length=0.
In other words both are the same.
If I rename my source files from foo.c to foo.cpp and recompile, then the Eclipse errors disappear!!!
This implies that Eclipse's C++ settings are correct, but its 'C settings are not.
Can anybody suggest anything for me to try?
g++ ist a C++ compiler, so you might try to use other settings for the Cross GCC Compiler, eg. gcc.
Also make sure you are linking the pthread library.
Following the instructions given here, I’ve downloaded the latest version of OpenSSL (openssl-1.0.1e.tar.gz) from here and installed it on Ubuntu v12.10 (32-bit).
I have a C project in Eclipse CDT (v1.2.0.201212170456) that statically links to the following two .a files:
home/usr/local/ssl/lib/libcrypto.a
home/usr/local/ssl/lib/ libssl.a
However when I build my project I get these errors:
/home/tashimaya/Applications/CodeSourcery/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/../../../../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/local/ssl/lib/libssl.a when searching for -lssl
/home/tashimaya/Applications/CodeSourcery/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/../../../../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/bin/ld: cannot find –lssl
My toolchain is CodeSourcery (Sourcery G++ Lite 2010q1-202) and is for 32-bit OS.
What am I doing wrong?
Compiler command line I'm using:
arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc -I"/path to my/include" -O0 -g3 -Wall -c -fmessage-length=0 -v -MMD -MP -MF"main.d" -MT"main.d" -o "main.o" "../main.c"
You have installed OpenSSL on an Ubuntu 32-bit machine (assuming x86), but are trying to link it to an ARM binary:
/home/tashimaya/Applications/CodeSourcery/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi: your ARM toolchain
/usr/local/ssl/lib/libssl.a: a 32-bit x86 version of OpenSSL
You will have to cross-compile OpenSSL for ARM using your ARM toolchain (i.e.: arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc), then you will be able to link it to an ARM binary.
It says that /usr/local/ssl/lib/libssl.a is not in the size expected. Try file on it to check if you compiled it in 32 or 64 bit version. And check how you are compiling your own program too. If both matches linker (ld) will link it fine.
If you compile your program into 64 bit and link it with libssl.a in 32 bit, this will not work
example:
file a.out
/* kind ofoutput */ a.out: Mach-O 64-bit executable x86_64
http://unixhelp.ed.ac.uk/CGI/man-cgi?file