Get all employees under manager with CTE - sql-server

Question

I have a table which has employee details
EmpId ManagerId Level Value
1 0 5 CEO
2 1 4 EMP
3 1 4 ORG
4 2 3 NULL
5 2 3 NULL
6 2 2 NULL
7 1 1 NULL
8 5 0 NULL
Now, I have to start wil Employee Id 2 and found all it's low level hirerachy (i.e. 2, 4, 5, 6, 8) and assign them value same as "2" (i.e. EMP).
Expected output :
EmpId ManagerId Level Value
1 0 5 CEO
2 1 4 EMP
3 1 4 ORG
4 2 3 EMP
5 2 3 EMP
6 2 2 EMP
7 1 1 NULL
8 5 0 EMP
What I am trying:
; WITH LevelHire AS
(
SELECT EmpId, ManagerId,Level
FROM EmployeeTable
WHERE EmpId =2
UNION ALL
SELECT Lh.EmpId, RC.ManagerId, Lh.Level
FROM LevelHire LH
INNER JOIN [EmployeeTable] RC
ON LH.EmpId= RC.EmpId
)
SELECT * FROM LevelHire
option (maxrecursion 0)
How can I achieve the same?

Answer 1

you can try something like this
;WITH EmployeeTable AS
(
SELECT 1 EmpId,0 ManagerId , 5 Level ,'CEO' Value
UNION ALL SELECT 2,1, 4,'EMP'
UNION ALL SELECT 3,1, 4,'ORG'
UNION ALL SELECT 4,2, 3,NULL
UNION ALL SELECT 5,2, 3,NULL
UNION ALL SELECT 6,2, 2,NULL
UNION ALL SELECT 7,1, 1,NULL
UNION ALL SELECT 8,5, 0,NULL
),LevelHire AS
(
SELECT EmpId, ManagerId,Level,Value
FROM EmployeeTable
WHERE EmpId = 2
UNION ALL
SELECT RC.EmpId, RC.ManagerId, Lh.Level,LH.Value
FROM LevelHire LH
INNER JOIN [EmployeeTable] RC
ON LH.EmpId= RC.ManagerId
)
SELECT E.EmpId, E.ManagerId,E.Level,ISNULL(E.Value ,LH.Value) Value
FROM EmployeeTable E
LEFT JOIN LevelHire LH
ON E.EmpId = LH.EmpId

Answer 2

Time to learn about hierarchyid. First, some code:
IF object_id('tempdb.dbo.#employees') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE #employees;
go
WITH Employees AS (
SELECT *
FROM ( VALUES
( 1, NULL, 5, 'CEO'),
( 2, 1, 4, 'EMP'),
( 3, 1, 4, 'ORG'),
( 4, 2, 3, NULL ),
( 5, 2, 3, NULL ),
( 6, 2, 2, NULL ),
( 7, 1, 1, NULL ),
( 8, 5, 0, NULL )
) AS x ( EmpId, ManagerId, Level, Value )
), rcte AS (
SELECT e.EmpId ,
e.ManagerId ,
e.Level ,
e.Value,
CAST('/' + CAST(e.EmpId AS VARCHAR) + '/' AS VARCHAR(MAX)) AS h
FROM Employees AS e
WHERE e.ManagerId IS NULL
UNION ALL
SELECT e.EmpId ,
e.ManagerId ,
e.Level ,
e.Value ,
m.h + CAST(e.EmpId AS VARCHAR) + '/' AS h
FROM Employees AS e
JOIN rcte AS m
ON e.ManagerId = m.EmpId
)
SELECT rcte.EmpId ,
rcte.ManagerId ,
rcte.Level ,
rcte.Value ,
CAST(rcte.h AS HIERARCHYID) AS h
INTO #employees
FROM rcte;
GO
SELECT e.EmpId ,
e.ManagerId ,
e.Level ,
e.Value ,
e.h.ToString() AS h
FROM #employees AS e
JOIN #employees AS m
ON e.h.IsDescendantOf(m.h) = 1
WHERE m.EmpId = 1
SELECT m.EmpId ,
m.ManagerId ,
m.Level ,
m.Value ,
m.h.ToString() AS h
FROM #employees AS e
JOIN #employees AS m
ON e.h.IsDescendantOf(m.h) = 1
WHERE e.EmpId = 8
While I needed a recursive CTE to actually establish the hierarchy, any of the actual queries of the form "who does this person report to?" and "who reports to this person?" are ultimately satisfied from the persisted hierarchy in the #employees table. The two queries at the end show how to traverse the hierarchy in either direction. This sort of thing is important if your hierarchy is large (wide, deep, or both). You do need to maintain it when the org chart changes, but that's a one-time operation. The querying of the data should be fast because the lineage is persisted with the employee record.
Incidentally, your Level column is a bit odd to me. Specifically, it seems backwards (i.e. CEO has the highest level). I say this because if/when you add another level to the org chart, you'll need to re-level everyone from the CEO down. If you have the CEO have the lowest level, you just tack that level onto the bottom and don't have to re-level anyone.