I have a data set
10-101570715-101609901-hsa-mir-3158-1 10-101600739-101609661-ENSG00000166171 10-101588288-101609668-ENSG00000166171 10-101588325-101609447-ENSG00000166171 10-101594702-101609439-ENSG00000166171 10-101570560-101596651-ENSG00000166171
10-103389007-103396515-hsa-mir-1307 10-103389041-103396023-ENSG00000173915 10-103389050-103396074-ENSG00000173915 10-103389050-103396441-ENSG00000173915 10-103389050-103396466-ENSG00000173915 10-103389050-103396466-ENSG00000173915
Except for the first element in each line, I have multiple values, which are redundant and I want to remove the redundant values. I have written a code but I don't feel its working fine.
open (fh, "file1");
while ($line=<fh>)
{
chomp ($line);
#array=$line;
my #unique = ();
my %Seen = ();
foreach my $elem ( #array )
{
next if $Seen{ $elem }++;
push #unique, $elem;
}
print #unique;
}
a hash is for duplicate detection :
my %seen;
my #removeduplicate = grep { !$seen{$_}++ } #array;
For me below code is working fine :
use strict;
use warnings;
my %seen;
open my $fh, "<", 'file.txt' or die "couldn't open : $!";
while ( my $line = <$fh>)
{
chomp $line;
my #array = split (' ', $line);
my #removeduplicate = grep { !$seen{$_}++ } #array;
print "#removeduplicate\n";
}
Related
I have a script which takes headers of a multi-fasta file and pushes them into an array. Then I want to loop through this array to find a specific pattern and perform some commands.
open(FH, '<', $ref_seq) or die $!;
while(<FH>){
$line = $_;
chomp $line;
if(m/^>([^\s]+)/){
$ref_header = $1;
print "$ref_header\n";
chomp $header;
if($1 eq $header){
$ref_header = $header;
#print "header is $ref_header\n";
}
}
}
This code prints headers like
chr1
chr2
chr3
How can I push these headers into an array?
I tried following code, but it splits individual letters, instead of $header_array[0] being chr1
#header_array = split(/\n*/, $ref_header);
print ("Here's the first element $header_array[0]");
Any help will be appreciated.
Shorten the code as shown below, removing some extra statements, and use push. You can combine push and the pattern match:
#!/usr/bin/env perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use Carp;
my $in_file = shift;
my #headers;
open my $in_fh, '<', $in_file or croak "cannot open $in_file: $!";
while ( <$in_fh> ) {
push #headers, />(\S+)/;
}
close $in_fh or croak "cannot close $in_file: $!";
print "#headers";
# Now, loop through headers and select the ones you need, for example:
for my $header ( #headers ) {
if ( $header =~ /foo/ ) {
# do something
}
}
A few suggestion on fixing your original code are below:
# Always use strict and use warnings.
# Remove extra parens and make the error message more informative:
open(FH, '<', $ref_seq) or die $!;
while(<FH>){
$line = $_;
chomp $line;
# [^\s] is simply \S:
if(m/^>([^\s]+)/){
$ref_header = $1;
print "$ref_header\n";
# where is $header coming from?
chomp $header;
# if the condition is satisfied, this assignment does not make sense:
# $ref_header is already the same as $header:
if($1 eq $header){
$ref_header = $header;
#print "header is $ref_header\n";
}
}
}
You can use push:
push #header_array, $ref_header;
I am trying to do sum of the array in my perl code but I was not able to get the right output.
Here is my sample code
use File::Find::Rule;
use Date::Parse;
my ($dir, $type, $fh, $line, $str_1,
$str_2,$str_3, $str_4);
my #array;
$dir = '/dir/test/';
$type = '*';
$str_1 = 'somestr1';
$str_2 = 'somestr2';
$str_3 = 'somestr3';
$str_4 = 'somestr4';
my #files = File::Find::Rule->file()->name($type)->in($dir);
open $out, '>>', "output_log" or die "Unable to open 'output_log' : $!";
print $out "\Logs \n";
print $out "--------------------------\n";
close $out or die "Unable to finish writing output_log : $!";
for my $file (#files) {
open $fh, '<', $file or die "can't open $file: $!";
open $out, '>>', "output_log" or die "Unable to open 'output_log' : $!";
while ( $line = <$fh> ) {
if ( $line !~ /$str_1/ && $line =~ /$str_2/ )
{
#array = $somevar # result of this loop 2,3
}
if ( $line !~ /$str_3/ && $line =~ /$str_4/ )
{
#array = $somevar #result of this loop 2,3,4,5,6
}
}
close $out or die "Unable to finish writing output_log : $!";
}
So Here is what I want
#array = (2,3,2,3,4,5,6)
and sum of #array
but unfornately,if i print this array that is running each and every line but instead i want to write a loop which stores the result in array from both if blocks..
now the code is overriding the #array in the second if block. Hope I made this clear!! Please help
#array = ... overwrites the contents of the array. Use push to add elements to an existing array.
For sum, see sum (or sum0) in List::Util.
I am trying to findy the common lines among two tab separated files based one field.
One line of the first file:
1 52854 s64199.1 A . . . PR GT 0/0
One line of the second file:
chr1 52854 . C T 215.302 . AB=0.692308;ABP=7.18621;AC=1;AF=0.5;AN=2;AO=9;CIGAR=1X;DP=13;DPB=13;DPRA=0;EPP=3.25157;EPPR=3.0103;GTI=0;LEN=1;MEANALT=1;MQM=60;MQMR=60;NS=1;NUMALT=1;ODDS=17.5429;PAIRED=0;PAIREDR=0.25;PAO=0;PQA=0;PQR=0;PRO=0;QA=318;QR=138;RO=4;RPP=3.25157;RPPR=5.18177;RUN=1;SAF=0;SAP=22.5536;SAR=9;SRF=1;SRP=5.18177;SRR=3;TYPE=snp;technology.illumina=1;BVAR GT:DP:RO:QR:AO:QA:GL 0/1:13:4:138:9:318:-5,0,-5
Based on the second field (52854) in this example I have a much.
Here is my code which finds the common ones, but my files are quite large and takes a lot of time.
Is there any way to speed up the process?
Thank you very much in advance.
#!/app/languages/perl/5.14.2/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
my $map_file = $ARGV[0];
my $vcf_file = $ARGV[1];
open my $map_info, $map_file or die "Could not open $map_file: $!";
my #map_array = ();
my #vcf_array = ();
while( my $mline = <$map_info>) {
chomp $mline;
my #data1 = split('\t', $mline);
my $pos1 = $data1[1];
push (#map_array, $pos1);
}
open my $vcf_info, $vcf_file or die "Could not open $vcf_file: $!";
while( my $line = <$vcf_info>) {
if ($line !~ m/^#/) {
push (#vcf_array, $line);
}
}
foreach my $a (#map_array) {
chomp $a;
foreach my $b (#vcf_array) {
chomp $b;
my #data = split('\t', $b);
my $pos2 = $data[1];
my $ref2 = $data[3];
my $allele = $data[4];
my $genotype = $data[9];
if ($a == $pos2) {
print $pos2 . "\t" . $ref2. "\t".$allele."\t".$genotype. "\n";
#print "$b\n";
}
}
}
Here's a version that should run much faster than your own
It reads the map file and stores each pos field in hash %wanted. Then it reads through the second file and checks whether the record is in the list of wanted values. If so then it splits the record and prints the fields you require
Note that I haven't been able to test this beyond making sure that it compiles
use strict;
use warnings;
use 5.010;
use autodie;
my ( $map_file, $vcf_file ) = #ARGV;
my %wanted;
{
open my $map_fh, '<', $map_file;
while ( <$map_fh> ) {
chomp;
my $pos = ( split /\t/, $_, 3 )[1];
++$wanted{$pos};
}
}
{
open my $vcf_fh, '<', $vcf_file;
while ( <$vcf_fh> ) {
next if /^#/;
chomp;
my $pos = ( split /\t/, $_, 3 )[1];
next unless $wanted{$pos};
my ( $ref, $allele, $genotype ) = ( split /\t/ )[3, 4, 9];
print join("\t", $pos, $ref, $allele, $genotype), "\n";
}
}
Below please find minimal modification of your script for hash based searches
use strict;
use warnings;
my $map_file = $ARGV[0];
my $vcf_file = $ARGV[1];
my %vcf_hash;
open( my $vcf_info, $vcf_file) or die "Could not open $vcf_file: $!";
while( my $line = <$vcf_info>) {
next if $line =~ m/^#/; # Skip comment lines
chomp $line;
my (#data) = split(/\t/, $line);
die unless #data >= 10; # Check number of fields in the input line
my ($pos) = $data[1];
# $. - line number in the file
$vcf_hash{$pos}{$.} = \#data;
}
open( my $map_info, $map_file) or die "Could not open $map_file: $!";
while( my $mline = <$map_info>) {
chomp $mline;
my (#data) = split(/\t/, $mline);
die unless #data >= 2; # Check number of fields in the input line
my ($pos) = $data[1];
if( exists $vcf_hash{$pos}) {
my $hash_ref = $vcf_hash{$pos};
for my $n (sort{$a<=>$b} keys %$hash_ref) {
my $array_ref = $hash_ref->{$n};
my $pos2 = $array_ref->[1];
my $ref2 = $array_ref->[3];
my $allele = $array_ref->[4];
my $genotype = $array_ref->[9];
print $pos2 . "\t" . $ref2. "\t".$allele."\t".$genotype. "\n";
}
}
}
The script may be improved further to reduce memory use if you use huge data files.
There is not a need to keep your map_file in memory but just keys. It is good to make them keys in a hash which you use for existence checking. You don't have to keep your vcf_file in memory as well, but you can just make a decision to output or not.
#!/app/languages/perl/5.14.2/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use autodie;
use constant KEY => 1;
use constant FIELDS => ( 1, 3, 4, 9 );
my ( $map_file, $vcf_file ) = #ARGV;
my %map;
{
my $fh;
open $fh, '<', $map_file;
while (<$fh>) {
$map{ ( split /\t/, $_, KEY + 2 )[KEY] } = undef;
}
}
{
my $fh;
open $fh, '<', $vcf_file;
while (<$fh>) {
next if /^#/;
chomp;
my #data = split /\t/;
print join "\t", #data[FIELDS] if exists $map{ $data[KEY] };
}
}
I have two text files that contain user records. I have to compare these two files and figure out which users are missing from File1. And delete these Orphans from file2.
#!/usr/local/bin/perl -w
use strict;
use warnings;
use autodie;
use Text::Diff;
use List::Compare;
use Data::Dumper;
my $Users1 = "Users1.txt";
my $Users2 ="Users2.txt";
my %hash1;
my %hash2;
my %new_hash;
my #sorted_1;
my #sorted_2;
my #list_keys1;
my #list_keys2;
open(my $fh1, '<:encoding(UTF-8)', $Users1) or die "Colud not open the file!";
while(my $record1 = <$fh1>)
{
chomp $record1;
my #list1 = split( '/', $record1);
foreach my $item(#list1)
{
$new_hash{$list1[1]} = $list1[0];
$hash1{$list1[1]} = $list1[0];
}
while ( my ($key, $value) = each(%hash1) ) {
push (#list_keys1, $key);
#sorted_1 = sort #list_keys1;
}
}
print "\t\tHash values for USERS1:\n";
print Dumper \%hash1;
open(my $fh2, '<:encoding(UTF-8)', $Users2) or die "Colud not open the file!";
while(my $record2 = <$fh2>)
{
chomp $record2;
my #list2 = split( '/', $record2);
foreach my $item(#list2)
{
$hash2{$list2[1]} = $list2[0];
}
while ( my ($key, $value) = each(%hash2) )
{
push (#list_keys2, $key);
#sorted_2 = sort #list_keys2;
}
}
print "\n\n\t\tHash values for Users2:\n";
print Dumper \%hash2;
#hash1{#list_keys1} = 1;
#hash2{#list_keys2} = 1;
foreach(keys %hash2)
{
print "\nThis user does not exist(to be deleted): $_\n" unless exists $hash1{$_};
}
foreach (keys %hash1)
{
print "\nNew User (to be added):$_\n" unless exists $hash2{$_};
}
close ($fh1);
close ($fh2);
Questions:
I am not able to sort the user ID (String) alphabetically(here, USER IDs are random strings of length 7). Is there any limitations when it comes to sorting array/hashes in Perl?
I am not able to compare two hashes and get the differences. What would be the most efficient way to do that?
Are there any additional libraries that I need to install in order to handle this part of code?
Sample records from file:
File1:
ASIA/ASEDF46
INDIA/PSDfT5V
CHINA/FSDfT5V
INDIA/AA44TYB
USA/BBRTT67
File 2:
INDIA/PSDfT5V
CHINA/FSDfT5V
INDIA/AA44TYB
USA/BBRTT67
UK/ZK9EELO
use strict;
use warnings;
use autodie;
open my $in, '<', 'in.txt';
open my $in2, '<', 'in_2.txt';
my (%data1, %data2);
while(<$in>){
chomp;
my #split = split/\//;
$data1{$split[0]} = $split[1];
}
while(<$in2>){
chomp;
my #split = split/\//;
$data2{$split[0]} = $split[1];
}
foreach(sort keys %data1){
print "User: $_ Value: $data1{$_}\n" if $data2{$_};
}
I currently have a csv file that looks like this:
a,b
a,d
a,f
c,h
c,d
So I saved these into a hash such that the key "a" is an array with "b,d,f" and the key "c" is an array with "h,d"... this is what I used for that:
while(<$fh>)
{
chomp;
my #row = split /,/;
my $cat = shift #row;
$category = $cat if (!($cat eq $category)) ;
push #{$hash{$category}}, #row;
}
close($fh);
Not sure about the efficiency but it seems to work when I do a Data Dump...
Now, the issue I'm having is this; I want to create a new file for each key, and in each of those files I want to print every element in the key, as such:
file "a" would look like this:
b
d
f
<end of file>
Any ideas? Everything I've tried isn't working, I'm not too familiar / experienced with hashes...
Thanks in advance :)
The output process is very simple using the each iterator, which provides the key and value pair for the next hash element in a single call
use strict;
use warnings;
use autodie;
open my $fh, '<', 'myfile.csv';
my %data;
while (<$fh>) {
chomp;
my ($cat, $val) = split /,/;
push #{ $data{$cat} }, $val;
}
while (my ($cat, $values) = each %data) {
open my $out_fh, '>', $cat;
print $out_fh "$_\n" for #$values;
}
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
my %foos_by_cat;
{
open(my $fh_in, '<', ...) or die $!;
while (<$fh_in>) {
chomp;
my ($cat, $foo) = split /,/;
push #{ $foos_by_cat{$cat} }, $foo;
}
}
for my $cat (keys %foos_by_cat) {
open(my $fh_out, '>', $cat) or die $!;
for my $foo (#{ $foos_by_cat{$cat} }) {
print($fh_out "$foo\n");
}
}
I wrote the inner loop as I did to show the symmetry between reading and writing, but it can also be written as follows:
print($fh_out "$_\n") for #{ $foos_by_cat{$cat} };