Testing recursive functions - C - c

I have a small problem on my homework here
I just need to write a recursive function to test this relation
f(x,y)=x if y==1
otherwise
f(x,y) = x + f(x,y-1)
Here is my source, I can't get it to print out correctly.
Note that I have the user enter X and Y to test.
#include <stdio.h>
int f (int x,int y);
int main (void)
{
int x, y, z;
printf ("\nEnter x: ");
scanf ("%d", &x);
printf ("\nEnter y: ");
scanf ("%d", &y);
x=f(x,y);
return 0;
}
int f (int x,int y)
{
if (y==1)
{
return x;
}
else
{
return (x + f(x,y-1));
}
}

Your recursive function should look like:
#include<stdio.h>
int main() {
int i = f(5,4);
printf("%d\n",i);
return 0;
}
int f (int x,int y)
{
if (y==1)
{
return x;
}
else
{
return (x + f(x,y-1));
}
}

Related

WSL(ubuntu) printf only outputs the same text

I have a problem. My code:
#include <stdio.h>
int readInteger() {
int x,y;
printf("variable 1 :");
scanf("%d", &x);
return x;
printf("variable 2 :");
scanf("%d", &y);
return y;
}
int compare (int, int);
int main() {
int x = readInteger(x);
int y = readInteger(y);
printf("%d is greater", compare(x,y));
return 0;
}
int compare(int x , int y) {
if(x > y) return x;
else return y;
}
only outputs
variable 1: ...
variable 1: ...
instead of
variable 1: ...
variable 2: ...
The issue is because return means "end function execution here". So, you have
int readInteger() {
int x,y;
printf("variable 1 :");
scanf("%d", &x);
return x;
printf("variable 2 :");
scanf("%d", &y);
return y;
}
which, because of the return x line, is equivalent to
int readInteger() {
int x,y;
printf("variable 1 :");
scanf("%d", &x);
return x;
}
One quick fix is to remove return x; line. Though then it won't do exactly what you want the function to do, since you want to read 2 integers and return them.
A better fix is to pass the string to the function as argument and then call it twice:
int readInteger(const char* prompt) {
int x;
printf(prompt);
scanf("%d", &x);
return x;
}
int main() {
int x = readInteger("variable 1 :");
int y = readInteger("variable 2 :");
printf("%d is greater", compare(x,y));
return 0;
}
PS. If a function has no arguments (readInteger in your original code, you should not call it with arguments (int x = readInteger(x) in main).

Swap in C - Printing

I just implemented my swap function but it does not print anything. Do you know why does the line printf does not execute?
#include <stdio.h>
int swap(int x, int y) {
scanf("%d", &x);
printf("%d, x is",x);
scanf("%d", &y);
int temp = x;
x = y;
y = temp;
printf("After Swapping: x = %d, y = %d", x, y);
return 0;
}
int main() {
swap(6,5);
}
You should not take user input inside the swap function. Its purpose should be to swap two integers only. You can move the scanf statements to main function.
#include <stdio.h>
int swap(int x, int y){
int temp = x;
x = y;
y = temp;
printf("After Swapping in swap function: x = %d, y = %d", x, y);
return 0;
}
int main(void){
int x, y;
scanf("%d", &x);
printf("%d, x is", x);
scanf("%d", &y);
printf("%d, y is", y);
swap(x, y);
printf("After Swapping in main function: x = %d, y = %d", x, y);
}
But the above code has a major issue. Though the swap function prints the integers passed as they are swapped but the fact is x and y in the main remains unaffected.
In this case to make it work, using pointers would be helpful
void swap(int *ptrx, int *ptry){
int temp = *ptrx;
*ptrx = *ptry;
*ptry = temp;
}
In the main function call the swap as swap(&x, &y);
Use this code for swapping.
#include <stdio.h>
void swap(int x, int y)
{
int z;
z = x;
x = y;
y = z;
printf("After Swapping: x = %d, y = %d", x, y);
}
int main()
{
swap(6,5);
return 0;
}
And I don't understand why you need to scan x & y

Calculate power of all the numbers till n-1

Given n, the program should calculate 1^1 + 2^2 + 3^3 + ... till n-1^n-1. Below is my code, in which there is one function inside while loop which and the passed value is from n-1 in the function. The function definition has two variables which return the ans. Output is wrong always 1.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int power(int x, int y)
{
int la, ans;
if(y==0)
return 1;
else
la= (x*power(x, y-1));
ans+=la;
return ans;
}
int main()
{
int t;
scanf("%d", &t);
while(t--)
{
int n, m, a, b, res, res1;
scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);
while(n-- && n>0)
{
a = power(n-1, n-1);
}
printf("%d", a);
}
return 0;
}
Some problems in your code.
As pointed in another answer, your power function was broken:
ans was not initialized
{ } were missing after the else
in the while, you compute x^x, but you forget the result, whearas you
should sum it.
first thing you do in while loop is to decrease n and to compute power(n-1, n-1)
that sound not logical.
Hence, your corrected code could be:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int power(int x, int y)
{
if(y==0)
return 1;
else
return x*power(x, y-1);
}
int main()
{
int t;
scanf("%d", &t);
while(t--)
{
int n, m, b, a = 0;
scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);
while(n>1)
{
--n;
b = power(n, n);
a += b;
printf("%d^%d -> %3d\n",n, n, b);
}
printf("sum= %d", a);
}
return 0;
}
Gives for n = 6:
5^5 -> 3125
4^4 -> 256
3^3 -> 27
2^2 -> 4
1^1 -> 1
sum=3413
C uses braces to form blocks, your power() function looks like it's wanting to use indentation like in Python.
It should probably be:
int power(int x, int y)
{
int la, ans;
if(y==0)
return 1;
else
{
la= (x*power(x, y-1));
ans+=la;
return ans;
}
}
Of course since the first if has a return, the else is pointless, and you can simplify the code:
int power(int x, int y)
{
if (y==0)
return 1;
return x * power(x, y-1);
}
The variable ans was never assigned to, that looked broken so I simplified it out.
Of course this is susceptible to integer overflow.

How could you convert the following recursion with dynamic programming?

How would you convert the following recursive program with dynamic programming (DP)?
I'm just having a little trouble trying to redefine this code into a dynamic programming form. I got the base case and the general case identified, and I am aware that DP is about a "bottom-up" approach.
int add(int, int);
int main()
{
int x = 0, y = 0;
printf("Enter positive integers x, y: ");
scanf("%d %d", &x, &y);
printf("Result: %d\n", add(x, y));
return 0;
}
int add(int x, int y)
{
if(x < 0 || y < 0){
fprintf(stderr, "Negative Integer received!\n");
return -1;
}
if (x == 1 || y == 1)
return 1;
else
return add(x, y-1) + add(x - 1, y) + add(x-1, y-1);
}
Why do you want to do it in recursive way? There is an iterative way, and iterative 'almost always' beats recursive. Besides it is less code:
int DP[500][500];
memset(DP, 0, sizeof(DP));
for(int i=1; i<=x; i++) DP[i][1] = 1;
for(int i=1; i<=y; i++) DP[1][i] = 1;
for(int i=2; i<=x; i++) {
for(int j=2; j<=y; j++) {
DP[i][j] = DP[i-1][j-1] + DP[i-1][j] + DP[i][j-1];
}
}
printf("Result: %d\n", DP[x][y]);
But if you insist on recursion you can pass your DP array to function by pointer. And every time check if you calculated DP[i][j] before, if so don't calculate it again and return back:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void add(int x, int y, int (*M)[500])
{
if(M[x][y] > 0) return;
if (x == 1 || y == 1) {
M[x][y] = 1;
return;
}
add(x, y-1, M);
add(x - 1, y, M);
add(x-1, y-1, M);
M[x][y] = M[x][y-1] + M[x-1][y] + M[x-1][y-1];
return;
}
int main()
{
int x, y;
printf("Enter x, y: ");
scanf("%d %d", &x, &y);
int DP[500][500];
memset(DP, 0, sizeof(DP));
add(x, y, DP);
printf("Result: %d\n", DP[x][y]);
return 0;
}
Your code will cause stack overflow for all the possible x,y and z integer(negative, positive) combinations

Exercise in C to calculate sum from x to y

My teacher wants the sum of all numbers from x to y... like x+(x+1)+(x+2)...until y. But I think I'm doing something wrong here!
Can someone advice me what is wrong here?
#include <stdio.h>
int sum_naturals(int n)
{
return (n-1) * n / 2;
}
int sum_from_to(int m)
{
return (m-1) * m / 2;
}
void test_sum_naturals(void)
{
int x;
scanf("%d", &x);
int z = sum_naturals(x);
printf("%d\n", z);
}
void test_sum_from_to(void)
{
int x;
int y;
scanf("%d", &x);
scanf("%d", &y);
int z = sum_naturals(x);
int b = sum_from_to(y);
printf("%d\n", z);
}
int main(void)
{
//test_sum_naturals();
test_sum_from_to();
return 0;
}
Your code should in fact be:
int sum_naturals(int n)
{
return (n+1) * n / 2;
}
int sum_from_to(int m)
{
return (m+1) * m / 2;
}
Notice + instead of your -.
To find the sum just add in the function test_sum_from_to this line:
printf("The sum is %d", b-z);
Here's one solution :
#include<stdio.h>
int sum_naturals(int n)
{
return (n+1) * n / 2;
}
int sum_from_x_to_y(int x, int y){
return sum_naturals(y) - sum_naturals(x);
}
main()
{
printf ("Sum: %d \n",sum_from_x_to_y(5, 10));
printf ("Sum: %d \n",sum_from_x_to_y(0, 10));
printf ("Sum: %d \n",sum_from_x_to_y(0, 5));
return 0;
}
Note : sum from 0 to N is (n+1)*n/2 and not (n-1)*n/2

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