Consider the following requirejs config:
requirejs.config({
waitSeconds: 10,
baseUrl: 'js/libs',
paths: {
'jQuery' : 'jquery',
'jQueryUi' : 'jquery.ui',
'cookie' : 'jquery.cookie',
'underscore' : 'underscore',
'backbone' : 'backbone',
'text' : 'text',
'reusable' : '../../tmpl/reusable.tmpl.html'
},
shim: {
'jQuery':{
exports: '$'
},
'cookie':['jQuery'],
'jQueryUi':['jQuery'],
'underscore': {
exports: '_'
},
'backbone':{
deps: ['underscore'],
exports: 'Backbone'
}
}
});
require(['cookie','jQueryUi'],function(){
require(['backbone'],function(){
this._templates = {};
require(['text!reusable'],function(reusable){
this._templates['reusable'] = reusable;
});
});
});
Everything works as expected so far...
Contents of some_module.js:
define(function(){
var init = function(){
console.log('some_module initialized');
};
return{
init:init
};
});
Based on the Backbone router navigate function, some_module is required at a certain point like so:
require(['some_module'],function(module){
module.init();
});
On route change, a similar module is called the same way.
When navigating, the user may return to the previous route, meaning that some_module is requested again, this time from the cache since some_module.js was stored there on the first call.
Question:
Since some_module can be requested once, or multiple times, is it a good practice to load the module every time, even if the file is cached ?... or initially set it in the global scope:
var some_module = require('some_module');
and each time the module is needed, just call:
some_module.init()
or whatever property it may return?
What would be the difference when it comes to memory leaks, and general application functionality?
The general rule is that everything you load through RequireJS is loaded once and only once.
The first time the module is needed (due to require or a define that has the module as a dependency), it will be actually fetched from the network and then its factory function will be executed. (The factory is the function that you give to define.) The result of the factory function is cached by RequireJS.
When the module is needed again, the module is returned from RequireJS cache without using the browser's cache of files or going to the network.
Related
I've recently joined a project which is built using Backbonejs, (uses Marionette for view rendering) + nodejs. They also use requirejs to load the backbonejs files. Would like to add at this stage, that I've never worked with backbonejs or requirejs before and hence I'm struggling with the issue I describe later.
Some code that will help explain the issue that I run into (All this code was already written by previous dev's)
Folder Structure:
/public
/js
/collection (consists all Backbone.js collections files)
/lib
/bower_components
/backone
/marionette
/etc
/models (consists all Backbone.js models files)
/views (consists all Backbone.js view files)
/main.js
/main.build.js
/app.js
/controller.js
/router.js
Code from files that I think relate to issue:
main.js
requirejs.config({
paths: {
'async': 'lib/bower_components/requirejs-plugins/src/async',
'jquery': 'lib/bower_components/jquery/dist/jquery.min',
'underscore': 'lib/bower_components/underscore/underscore-min',
'lodash': 'lib/bower_components/lodash/dist/lodash.min',
'backbone': 'lib/bower_components/backbone/backbone',
'marionette': 'lib/bower_components/marionette/lib/backbone.marionette.min',
'markercluster':'lib/markercluster',
'jquerymobile': 'lib/jquery.mobile-1.4.0.min',
'hogan': 'lib/template-2.0.0.min',
'templates': '/templates',
'real': 'lib/mainjs',
'touch': 'lib/jquery.touchSwipe.min',
'mouse': 'lib/jquery.mousewheel',
'moment': 'lib/moment-2.5.1.min',
'humanize': 'lib/bower_components/humanize-plus/public/dist/humanize.min',
'validator': 'lib/bower_components/validator-js/validator.min',
'real': 'lib/mainfile'
},
shim: {
backbone: {
deps: ["underscore"]
},
marionette: {
deps: ["backbone"]
},
templates: {
deps: ["hogan", "jquery"]
},
real: {
deps: ["jquery", "jquerymobile", "touch", "mouse"]
},
markercluster: {
exports: "MarkerClusterer"
},
humanize: {
exports: "humanize"
}
},
waitSeconds: 0
});
define('gmaps', ['async!http://maps.google.com/maps/api/js?v=3&key=AIzaSyBiV8f88yLWJ_IMSdP1fVNO1-gt3eLVSgg&sensor=true&callback=gMapsCallback'], function(){
// define('gmaps', ['http://maps.google.com/maps/api/js?v=3&sensor=false'], function(){
return window.google.maps;
});
require(['app', 'templates', 'real'], function(app) {
app.start({
version: "0.9.9"
});
});
main.build.js
({
baseUrl: ".",
name: "main",
wrapShim: true,
out: "main-built.js"
})
app.js
define(['underscore', 'controller', 'router', 'models/Cache', 'views/RootView'], function(_, Controller, Router, Cache, RootView) {
var Application = Marionette.Application.extend({
propertyListPageSize: 3,
initialize: function() {
_.templateSettings = { interpolate : /\{\{(.+?)\}\}/g };
},
onStart: function(options){
new RootView();
this.controller = new Controller();
this.router = new Router({controller: this.controller});
this.cache = new Cache();
this.context = {};
//this.evHistory = [];//#todo remove once BB/marionette navigation is in place
if(Backbone.history) Backbone.history.start({ pushState: false });
if(Backbone.history.fragment === "") this.navigate('home');
},
navigate: function(fragment, trigger, replace){
this.router.navigate(fragment, {trigger:trigger, replace:replace});
},
back: function() {
window.history.back();
}
});
app = new Application();
return app;
});
rootView.js
define(['marionette', 'views/HomeView', 'views/HeaderView', 'views/FooterView', 'views/MenuView', 'views/VideoView', 'views/LocationSearchView', 'views/LoginView', 'views/FindView', 'views/ServicesView', 'views/ValueView', 'views/PropertyListView', 'views/SideBySideView', 'views/ConfirmRegistrationView', 'views/ForgotPasswordView', 'views/CreateAccountView', 'views/UserHomeView', 'views/MyBrokerView', 'views/GiveFeedbackView', 'views/SeeFeedbackView', 'views/ViewingScheduleView', 'views/MyViewingsSummaryView', 'views/MyAccountView', 'views/ViewingConfirmView', 'views/ValueAddressPropertyListView'],
function(Marionette, HomeView, HeaderView, FooterView, MenuView, VideoView, LocationView, LoginView, FindView, ServicesView, ValueView, PropertyListView, SideBySideView, ConfirmRegistrationView, ForgotPasswordView, CreateAccountView, UserHomeView, MyBrokerView, GiveFeedbackView, SeeFeedbackView, ViewingScheduleView, MyViewingsSummaryView, MyAccountView, ViewingConfirmView, ValueAddressPropertyListView) {
var RootView = Marionette.LayoutView.extend({
...some view code
});
Use case I'm trying to solve:
So when I access the site in the browser, I notice in the debugger that it loads all the js files right at the beginning. During the load process my site is blank and user has to wait a while before he can use the site.
So what I've been able to understand is that when app is 'started' in main.js, app.js creates an instance of rootView.js , which in turn has all the views listed as dependencies. This triggers a download request for all the other views which in turn would solve their own dependencies and download all the relevant models and collections. Hence all files being downloaded when the user accessed the site.
Solution I've been trying:
Since requirejs is being used, I'm trying to use r.js to optimize and combine all the js files to reduce the number of downloads.
Issue I'm running into:
When i run r.js. i get the following error
Tracing dependencies for: main
Error: ENOENT: no such file or directory, open '/var/node_projects/rm/rm.src.server/src/public/js/underscore.js'
In module tree:
main
app
Error: Error: ENOENT: no such file or directory, open '/var/node_projects/rm/rm.src.server/src/public/js/underscore.js'
In module tree:
main
app
at Error (native)
If I add the underscore.js files directly to the specified path in the error, then I get the same error for marionette.js. What I think is happening is that app.js is not recognizing the shim'ed dependencies and hence its trying to find the files directly at specified path in the error.
Things I've tried:
- I've added wrapShim: true in the main.build.js file but that did not help
Honestly, I've been sitting on this for a couple of days and I'm not sure what I can do next and hence this post.
Any help/direction would be appreciated.
You need to include the same shim configuration in your build file, as wrapShim is not sufficient.
If shim config is used in the app during runtime, duplicate the config here. Necessary if shim config is used, so that the shim's dependencies are included in the build. Using "mainConfigFile" is a better way to pass this information though, so that it is only listed in one place. However, if mainConfigFile is not an option, the shim config can be inlined in the build config.
https://github.com/jrburke/r.js/blob/master/build/example.build.js
I have modernizr / pollyfiller included at the top of my index.html file, and in my main.js:
require.config({
paths : {
'jquery' : 'lib/jquery-1.10.2.min',
'jqdate' : 'lib/jquery.dateFormat-1.0',
'webshims' : 'lib/polyfiller'
},
shim : {
'lib/underscore' : {
exports : '_'
},
'lib/backbone' : {
deps : ["lib/underscore", "jquery"],
exports : 'Backbone'
},
"modernizr" : {
deps : ["jquery"],
exports : "modernizr"
},
"webshims" : {
deps : [ "jquery", "lib/modernizr-custom"],
exports: "webshims"
}
}
});
var router, vent;
require(["jquery", "lib/underscore", "lib/backbone", "app", "lib/modernizr-custom", "webshims"], function($, _, Backbone, Router, modernizr, webshims) {
$(function() {
$.webshims.setOptions('forms forms-ext', {
replaceUI : false,
waitReady : false
});
$.webshims.polyfill('forms forms-ext');
router = new Router();
vent = _.extend({}, Backbone.Events);
$.expr.cacheLength = 1;
Backbone.history.start({
});
});
});
This will generally load fine, however, sometimes it looks like webshims is not defined by the time I try to call:
$.webshims.setOptions('forms forms-ext', {
replaceUI : false,
waitReady : false
});
$.webshims.polyfill('forms forms-ext');
and I get the error: TypeError: $.webshims is undefined
Is there a better way to load this?
edit
So, I updated the script like you said, and had to capitalize Webshims in the paths and shim definition. It loads fine but now I get an error:
Uncaught SyntaxError: Unexpected token <
in Chrome and
SyntaxError: syntax error
<!DOCTYPE html>
in firefox
Updated Answer
Alexander Farkas pointed out in a comment that polyfiller defines itself as "polyfiller" like this:
define('polyfiller', ['jquery'], factory);
So:
No shim should be required to load polyfiller.js.
The module defined by polyfiller.js should always be referred to as "polyfiller". So there has to be a paths setting that maps the module name polyfiller to the actual path of the polyfiller.js file.
So the original config should be modified to remove the "webshims" shim, then the paths setting "webshims": "lib/polyfiller" should become "polyfiller": "lib/polyfiller" and the require call should be:
require(["jquery", "lib/underscore", "lib/backbone", "app", "lib/modernizr-custom", "polyfiller"], function($, _, Backbone, Router, modernizr) {
I've dropped the last variable from the function's parameters because there's no need to pass the module value since the polyfiller.js file registers itself as $.webshims.
This is similar to how jQuery defines itself as "jquery" (it needs no shim and is always called "jquery").
Original Answer
Change your require call so that you require "webshims" instead of "lib/polyfiller":
require(["jquery", "lib/underscore", "lib/backbone", "app", "lib/modernizr-custom", "webshims"], ...
The code in your question shows you've set the paths configuration option so that the module name "webshims" resolves to "lib/polyfiller", and created what looks like a sensible shim for it. However, when you require the webshims module you refer to it as "lib/polyfiller". RequireJS does not do a reverse resolution to figure out that "lib/polyfiller" is "webshims".
Alternatively, you could drop the "webshims" name from paths and rename the shim so that it is set for "lib/polyfiller". However, I consider it to be a better practice to refer to 3rd party libraries by one-word names throughout an application rather than have paths for them. So "jquery", "bootstrap", "underscore", and "webshims" etc. rather than "lib/...".
i have a weird problem regarding angular resource. when i try to define it it causes the app to create an error. i dunno but is this the correct style of defining an angular Resource? tIA
main.js
'use strict';
require.config({
paths: {
jquery: 'libs/jquery/jquery-1.9.1',
angular: 'libs/angular/angular.min',
ngResource: 'libs/angular/angular-resource.min'
},
shim: {
angular: {
exports: 'angular'
},
resource : { deps : ['angular'], 'exports' : 'ngResource'},
}
});
require([
'jquery',
'angular',
//'ngResource',
'app',
'routes',
],
function ($, angular, app, routes) {// set main controller
$(function(){
var $html = $('html');
angular.bootstrap($html, [app['name']]);
$html.addClass('ng-app');
});
});
Just to help out those users who are not familiar with the code above; The code shows RequireJS configuration and initialization structure, and only a small part at the end is the actuall AngularJS code.
You have correctly configured RequireJS to include ngResource before initialization, but you didn't actually tell Angular to use it.
I'm not sure what app['name'] stands for, but your angular bootstrap call should include the ngResource module:
angular.bootstrap($html, ['ngResource']);
And, btw, I don't think you need to add the class ('ng-app') at the end.
In your callback when all resources are loaded, try to explicitly define the modules and dependancies before bootstrapping, like this:
angular.module('fooApp', ['ngResource']); // Module name and list of dependancies.
angular.bootstrap(document, 'fooApp');
There is no need to manually add the ng-app class, when this class is used to do bootraping automatically, witch is not what you want. You want to load the applicatiopns module when all scripts are loaded, with the ngResource module as a dependancy.
Hope this helps.
Backbone doesn't get called in the indexview module.
using requirejs 2.1.5/2.1.4 and backbonejs 0.9.10
main.js after running r.js
...
// this is causing the backbone to return
// null/undefined in the next define call below
define("backbone", function(){});
define('views/index/IndexView', [
'underscore',
'backbone',
'text!templates/index/indexTemplate.html'
], function(_, Backbone, indexTemplate){
console.log(Backbone); // returns undefined
var IndexView = Backbone.View.extend({
...
BUT if I take out the first define call that registers backbone as a module, everything
works fine. but backbone-min.js gets loaded separately. but for now it's the only way
to make the script run. I am definitely missing something here.
main.js
require.config({
paths: {
underscore : 'libs/underscore/underscore-min',
backbone : 'libs/backbone/backbone-min'
templates : '../templates'
},
shim: {
'backbone': {
deps: ['jquery','underscore'],
exports: 'Backbone'
}
}
});
require(['app'], function(App){
App.initialize();
});
build.js
({
appDir: "../",
baseUrl: "js",
dir: "../../build",
optimize: "none",
paths: {
"jquery": "libs/requirejs/require-jquery",
"underscore" : 'libs/underscore/underscore-min',
"backbone": 'libs/backbone/backbone-min',
"templates": '../templates',
},
modules: [
{
name: "main",
exclude: ["jquery"]
}
]
})
I'm still getting my feet wet with backbone and requirejs.
any feedback is much appreciated.
First of all, you don't need that define('backbone',...). What is that part for anyways? You don't need to define Backbone as a module. Requirejs is doing the job of making Backbone available for you to use throughout your framework. As you can see in your code, by calling Backbone.View.extend(), Backbone already exists. If you want to inspect it, don't use console.log, use console.dir instead. In the chrome inspector it formats the output nicely.
Secondly, add underscore to the backbone deps array in your shim.
I've just had this issue, you need to add the 'shim' from your main.js to your build.js file, and will work like a charm ;)
I have configured requirejs to load the core libs (jquery, underscore, backbone).
Now I would like to add my backbone models, controllers, views, etc to be loaded asyncronly
I found a lots of tutorials to this topic and lots of "ready" boilerplates unfortunatly I mentioned that most approaches are depreceated or rather complicated (even there are better approaches).
One example is how I configured requirejs for the main libs:
https://stackoverflow.com/a/10914666/1309847
So how do I load Backbone Views, Models, Collections, Routers, Controllers and Templates with a simple and valid Requirejs configuration?
I followed youre advice but get some strange error
main.js
require.config({
paths: {
jquery: 'vendors/jquery/jquery',
underscore: 'vendors/underscore/underscore',
backbone: 'vendors/backbone/backbone'
},
shim: {
underscore: {
exports: '_'
},
backbone: {
deps: ['underscore', 'jquery'],
exports: 'Backbone'
}
}
});
require(['app'], function(app){
});
app.js
define(['jquery', 'underscore', 'backbone'], function($, _, Backbone){
var Message = new Backbone.Model.extend({
//idAttribute: '_id',
//defaults: { body: '' }
//url: function(){ return this.id ? '/messages/' + this.id : '/messages'; }
});
var newMessage = new Message({ body: 'hi' });
newMessage.save();
});
The error occours in app.js:
Uncaught TypeError: Object [object Object] has no method 'apply'
When I comment the new Backbone.Model.extend part I don't get any error anymore.
in my experience, the best way to bootstrap your application is by creating a Backbone.Router. So you can associate urls with your application functionality.
If you are using RequireJS+Backbone, you probably have a main.js where RequireJS is configured (paths, shims, etc). The first call to "require" is used to load a initial script in order to bootstrap the whole app.
For example:
/**
* main.js - RequireJS bootstrap
*/
require.config({
paths: {
//your paths
},
shim: {
//your shims
}
});
require(
[
'app' //app.js is at the same directory as main.js
],
function(app) {
app.init();
}
);
then in app.js you can create a new Router instance, or you can just start creating Views and Models.
For further reference: http://addyosmani.github.com/backbone-fundamentals/
So as I have now understood right: You have to wrap a requirejs function around youre own custom js file.
The function is called define. The first parameter is an array of the dependencies which you have defined in the main.js file or a relative path to another custom js from you.
The second parameter is the callback which holds the original file. Important is that you return the object, function, array or variable which you want to share.
The whole thing looks like this:
define(
['underscore', 'backbone'], // the dependencies (either relative paths or shortcuts defined in main.js
function(_, Backbone){ // the return statement of the deps mapped to a var
var MessageModel = Backbone.Model.extend({ // the original code, file
defaults: { body: '' },
initialize: function(){}
});
return MessageModel; // the return statement, sharing the "final result", sometimes you return the initialize parameter
});
The same for a collection wrapping the models:
define(
['jquery', 'underscore', 'backbone', 'models/message_model'], // deps and the last one is the relative path
function($, _, Backbone,MessageModel){ // same as above explained
var MessageCollection = Backbone.Collection.extend({
model: MessageModel,
initialize: function(){}
});
return MessageCollection;
});
I now only have to figure out how I can bootstrap to whole application. But I think I need more knowledge of backbone to do this :)