I'm trying to compile this code in c. First of all i have this struct in a separate source file to use it like a "class" (dir.h)
//Structure
typedef struct s_dirobject {
int noteid;
char title[20];
int bytes;
char head[20];
bool is_dir;
struct s_dirobject* next;
} dirobject;
//Ops
void add_dirobject(dirobject* myDirobject,int num_dirobject, char title[20], int is_dir, int bytes, char head[20]);
int get_dirobject_noteid(dirobject* myDirobject,int num_note);
char* get_dirobject_title(dirobject* myDirobject,int num_note);
int get_dirobject_bytes(dirobject* myDirobject,int num_note);
char* get_dirobject_head(dirobject* myDirobject,int num_note);
bool isdir(dirobject* myDirobject, int num_note);
int get_dirobjects_len(dirobject* myDirobject);
void clear_dir(dirobject* myDirobject);
void init_dir(dirobject* myDirobject);
In second place i have the comms source to retrieve the contents of a directory from a remote file system, and fill the object (comms.c)
#include "notebook.h"
#include "dir.h"
dirobject* temporaldirobjects;
...
init_dir(temporaldirobjects);
while(cond) {
//Add retrieved item to the directory
add_dirobject(temporaldirobjects, index, title, is_dir, bytes, "");
}
//When done retrieving the contents from the source i do instantiate the notebook_window
notebook_init(source, path, temporaldirobjects);
Finally, my notebook window interface will look like this. (notebook.h)
#include "dir.h"
void notebook_init(char* source, char* path, dirobject* contents);
void notebook_deinit();
And its implementation (notebook.c)
void notebook_init(char* source, char* path, dirobject* contents) {
// Fill the vars
this_window_source=source;
this_window_path=path;
this_window_dirobjects=contents;
...
}
When i compile this code as is, i get the error saying that
../src/dir.h:13:16: error: redefinition of 'struct s_dirobject'
In file included from ../src/notebook.h:12:0,
from ../src/comms.c:25:
../src/dir.h:13:16: note: originally defined here
In file included from ../src/comms.c:27:0:
../src/dir.h:20:3: error: conflicting types for 'dirobject'
In file included from ../src/notebook.h:12:0,
from ../src/comms.c:25:
../src/dir.h:20:3: note: previous declaration of 'dirobject' was here
In file included from ../src/comms.c:27:0:
../src/dir.h:23:6: error: conflicting types for 'add_dirobject'
In file included from ../src/notebook.h:12:0,
from ../src/comms.c:25:
../src/dir.h:23:6: note: previous declaration of 'add_dirobject' was here
...
since the comms library includes dir.h and notebook.h, and notebook.h does it too.
and if i remove the include in notebook.h i got this other error:
In file included from ../src/comms.c:25:0:
../src/notebook.h:14:46: error: unknown type name 'dirobject'
How can i acheive this? I would like to keep it as clean code as i can.
You included two headers in file comms.c
#include "notebook.h"
#include "dir.h"
header notebook.h in turn includes header dir.h
#include "dir.h"
void notebook_init(char* source, char* path, dirobject* contents);
void notebook_deinit();
As result the structure is defined twice in the same compilation unit. You have to provide that each headers would be included only once in each compilation unit. To do this you have to supply header's quards. For example
#ifndef DIR_H
#define DIR_H
//Structure
typedef struct s_dirobject {
int noteid;
char title[20];
int bytes;
char head[20];
bool is_dir;
struct s_dirobject* next;
} dirobject;
//...
#endif
Or if the compiler supports #pragme once then you could use it.
Usually, multiple declarations are fine in c but multiple definition is not. In your code, you are including dir.h multiple times which is causing the redefinition of struct s_dirobject. Read something about "Header guard" or "Include Guard". here. Hope this solves your major issues with redefinitions.
Related
file tools.h:
//some macro definitions
struct name;
//other function prototypes
file tools.c:
#include "tools.h"
struct name
{
FILE *src;
int value;
}
//definitions of functions declared in tools.h
file main.c:
#include <stdio.h>
#include "tools.h"
int main()
{
struct name *ptr;
ptr = malloc(sizeof(struct name));
ptr->FILE = fopen(filename, "r");
ptr->value = 12;
...
}
At first, I built tools.o by using:
$ gcc tools.c -c
Without any error or warning, tools.o was built in the current directory.
Now, I tried to build executable by using:
$ gcc main.c tools.o -o exe
and I got errors of same type (all the errors were of same type, caused due to accessing the struct element). Here's the sample of that error I got:
main.c: In function ‘main’:
main.c:17:22: error: invalid use of undefined type ‘struct name’
17 | buffer = malloc(ptr->value+1);
Please explain why this happened and what wrong I did while linking or in my code.
tools.h file
#ifndef TOOLS_H
#define TOOLS_H
#include <stdio.h>
struct name
{
FILE *src;
int value;
};
int foo(struct name*);
struct name *bar(double, FILE*, const char *); //prototypes of functions defined in tools.c
#endif
tools.c
#include "tools.h"
int foo(struct name*)
{
/* ... */
}
struct name *bar(double, FILE*, const char *)
{
/* ... */
}
Looks like you have some confusion with regards to forward declaration of a structure and a structure declaration (which defines a type).
From Forward declaration:
a forward declaration is a declaration of an identifier (denoting an entity such as a type, a variable, a constant, or a function) for which the programmer has not yet given a complete definition.
In tools.h, this
struct name;
is forward declaration of structure struct name. Note that, it declares an incomplete type because the specification [list defining the content] of struct name is unknown at this time.
You have included the tools.h in main.c and when compiling main.c compiler does not find the specification of struct name and hence, throwing error on the statements using it.
In tools.c, you are declaring the struct name (which defines a type):
struct name
{
FILE *src;
int value;
};
when compiling tools.c, compiler knows about the specification of structure struct name and hence, it's compilation is successful.
The other post [by #0___________] gives the appropriate way to solve this problem.
I have a program spread through 3 different C files, with the 2 header files that come with it. I originally had the header "Player.h" that I used to save the "map" structure (among others):
#ifndef PLAYER_H_INCLUDED
#define PLAYER_H_INCLUDED
typedef struct map{
float x;
float y;
}map;
/// some other functions and structures///
#endif
I wanted to move it to its own header file, "Map.h" so its with the other map-related functions and structures.
#ifndef MAP_H_INCLUDED
#define MAP_H_INCLUDED
typedef struct map{
float x;
float y;
}map;
#endif
I made the Map.c file as normal, wrote a function in it that would work, but I didn"t call for the function in main.c yet.
I made the "map" data structure in main.c as followed:
#include "Player.h"
#include "Map.h"
int main(){
... /// some other stuff being done
map map;
map.x = 0;
map.y = 0;
... /// more stuff being done
callfunctioninplayer(&map, /// other variables///)
}
so I call the function in player.c, where I also included map.h using #included "Map.h". But after trying to compile it, it gave me an error everywhere where I asked for the map* map structure with the errors:
In file included from ./main.c:10:0:
./Player.h:21:55: error: unknown type name ‘map’
void movementPlayer(int* inputPlayer, player* player, map* map, unsigned int countFrames);
./Player.h:21:55: error: unknown type name ‘map’
void movementPlayer(int* inputPlayer, player* player, map* map, unsigned int countFrames);
^~~
In file included from ./Map.c:10:0:
./Player.h:21:55: error: unknown type name ‘map’
void movementPlayer(int* inputPlayer, player* player, map* map, unsigned int countFrames);
I checked if map.h was defined everywhere, it is, and I tested it again after putting the map struct back in player.h. Putting it back in player.h worked, but why didn't it in map.h?
I'm sorry if this is asked a lot, I looked through some posts but couldn't find anyone with the same error
It looks like map is being used in Player.h, but Map.h hasn't been included at the point Player.h is included, and presumably you didn't include Map.h in Player.h.
If Player.h needs definitions in Map.h, then you need to #include "Map.h" in Player.h.
I need to build a "social network" for college, but I always get unknown type name 'List' while compiling. I removed a lot of functions from my headers, but I still get the same error and I don't know why.
I've got 3 headers:
My friend's header
#ifndef FRIEND_H
#define FRIEND_H
#include "ListHeadTail.h"
typedef struct Friend{
int id;
struct Friend *nextFriend;
}Friend;
void printFriends(List *l);
void removeFriend(List *l);
void addFriend(List *l);
#endif /* FRIEND_H */
My list header:
#ifndef LISTHEADTAIL_H
#define LISTHEADTAIL_H
#include "Student.h"
typedef struct pStudent{
struct pStudent *ant;
Student *s;
struct pStudent *prox;
}pStudent;
typedef struct list{
pStudent *head;
pStudent *tail;
}List;
void startList(List *l);
void printList(List *l);
void freeList(List *l);
#endif /* LISTHEADTAIL_H */
My student's header
#ifndef STUDENT_H
#define STUDENT_H
#define MAX 51
#include "Friend.h"
#include "ListHeadTail.h"
typedef struct Student{
int id;
char name[MAX];
Friend *friends;
}Student;
Student* readStudent ();
void printStudent(Student* a);
void changeData(List *l);
#endif /* STUDENT_H */
My main:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "ListHeadTail.h"
#include "Friend.h"
#include "Student.h"
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
List l;
startList(&l);
freeList(&l);
return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
Thanks for reading.
Here's the (first) error I get when I try to compile this set of files:
$ cc main.c
In file included from main.c:4:
In file included from ./ListHeadTail.h:4:
In file included from ./Student.h:6:
./Friend.h:11:19: error: unknown type name 'List'
void printFriends(List *l);
Look at the file names and line numbers. Note that at ListHeadTail.h line 4, you've already defined LISTHEADTAIL_H, but you haven't yet reached the actual declaration of List. You then go into Student.h, and from there into Friend.h. That includes ListHeadTail.h again -- but since LISTHEADTAIL_H is already defined, this include does nothing. So you continue through Friend.h with no declaration of List, and therefore get an error on the declarations that reference it.
As noted by #lurker in their comment, the basic issue here is circular dependency, and a simple fix is forward declaration. In this case, you could simply modify Friend.H, replacing #include "ListHeadTail.h" with typedef struct list List;.
But to me this is a bit hacky. If you shift the order of includes somewhere, the build might break again.
I think the real problem is that the declarations of the functions (printFriends, etc.) don't belong in Friend.h; they belong in ListHeadTail.h. The functions have nothing to do with the Friend type. Sure, they have "Friend" in their names, but the only type referenced in the declarations is List. So they belong in ListHeadTail.h. Same goes for the changeData function in Student.h.
In an object-oriented design (say, in Java), these functions would all probably be methods of the List class, and would be declared in that class's source file.
The structure:
#include <gtk/gtk.h>
#include "db_interface.h"
struct AddNewEmployee {
const gchar *fname;
const gchar *lname;
};
void new_emp_get_data(GtkWidget *widget, gpointer add_emp_window)
{
struct AddNewEmployee n_e_s; //new employee struct
<gtk portion removed to clean code>
n_e_s.fname=gtk_entry_get_text(GTK_ENTRY(first));
n_e_s.lname=gtk_entry_get_text(GTK_ENTRY(last));
db_add_new_emp(&n_e_s); //pass the struct to db_interface to add new employee
}
The header file (db_interface.h)
#ifndef DB_INTERFACE_H
#define DB_INTERFACE_H
struct AddNewEmployee *n_e_s;
void db_add_new_emp(struct AddNewEmployee *n_e_s);
#endif
The second module (db_interface.c)
#include <stdio.h>
#include "db_interface.h"
void db_add_new_emp(struct AddNewEmployee *n_e_s)
{
printf("Greetings from db_interface, %s\n", n_e_s->fname);
}
When I try to compile the code using GCC, I get the message "error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type". I have tried several different answers I found when others posted their problems with this error, but have yet to find one that works. I copied the code in the function from the db_interface.c module to the original module - the one containing the struct - and it worked fine, so I know my problem lies with sending the structure to the db_interface.c module.
Just move the struct AddNewEmployee to db_interface.h and it should compile just fine.
Both .c files need to know how the struct is implemented.
I'm working on this very simple part of code, but somehow the build error is pretty strange to me.
I have these files in the project: main.c, http_request.h, http_request.c; and a simple Makefile.
1. http_request.h
/* STRUCTURES */
struct http_param {
char key[MAX_BUFFER];
char *value;
};
struct http_request {
int size;
struct http_param data[MAX_PARAM];
};
/* FUNCTIONS */
int parse_http_request(apr_pool_t *pool, const char *args, struct http_request *req); /* (A) */
2. http_request.c
#include <http_request.h>
...// something else goes here, it's fine
int
parse_http_request(apr_pool_t *pool, const char *args, struct http_request *req) /* (B) */
{
3. Makefile
-I$(PROJECT_DIR)/include
this directory contains http_request.h.
Then I build, it raises this error:
/project/src/http_request.c:14: warning: 'struct http_request' declared inside parameter list
/project/src/http_request.c:14: warning: its scope is only this definition or declaration, which is probably not what you want
/project/src/http_request.c: In function 'parse_http_request':
The error points to (A) and (B) as I mentioned in source code above.
Could anyone help to find out what the problem is?
Thanks.
I suspect, seeing that you use apr_pool_t, that you also have apache includes in your include path. apache also provides a file called http_request.h and that one gets included instead of the one you have.
use
#include "http_request.h"
instead of
#include <http_request.h>