making named pipes and using poll - c

I'm so confused with this, I need to create named pipes using mkfifo (i know how to do this) the program before would use fork to create child processes that would do something, but now I have to replace fork with poll() to watch multiple streams (that's the part I don't get). In more detailed, when i run my program in terminal, its suppose to make the mkfifo files and then wait till a stream comes in, hence just stay there, not closing. Then I open up a new terminal, and need to input exactly this into terminal "cat file1 > (name of the mkfifo files)" and what that should do is make the program read the data that was in file1, on any of the input pipes made from mkfifo. I've looked everywhere but can never put things together to make it work.
this is what i have so far
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include "battleFieldReader.h" //this is where all the data computation is done
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
if (sscanf (argv[1], "%i", &N) !=1 )
{
printf ("ERROR: Please input an integer.\n");
_exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
struct pollfd pfd[2];
pid = getpid();
printf("pid=%d\n",pid);
N = atoi(argv[1]);
signal(SIGTERM, removePipes);
int i;
char fileName[32];
char fileName2[32];
snprintf (fileName, sizeof(fileName), "%d_%di", pid, 0);
mkfifo(fileName, 0666);
pfd[0].fd = open(fileName, O_RDONLY | O_NDELAY);
pfd[0].events = POLLIN;
snprintf (fileName2, sizeof(fileName2), "%d_%do", pid, 0);
mkfifo(fileName2, 0666);
pfd[1].fd = open(fileName2, O_WRONLY | O_NDELAY);
pfd[1].events = POLLIN;
while(1)
{
int n;
n = poll(pfd, 2, 3000);
if(n < 1)
{
printf("waiting...\n");
continue;
}
if(pfd[0].revents & POLLIN)
{
printf("test\n");
/*ideally this is where i would put a method to compute data but its just an infinite loop, its suppose to stop, so it can do the same thing whenever another file comes on, but I dont know how to stop it either*/
}
}
}
whats happening is I'm creating a pipe 2N times, one for input and output for whatever process id is running the program. then wait till something comes in on one of the pipes and then spit out what needs to be done with the file data. Can anyone clear things with me, if I'm going in the right direction or something.

poll tells you if you can read from or write to a file descriptor without blocking (or without getting an EAGAIN/EWOULDBLOCK result if the fd in non-blocking).
Your code has a number of obvious problems:
You say you want to create 2N fifos, but then you only create 2. Your pfd array has a fixed size of 2, too. You'll need a bigger array and loop to create more.
You open an O_WRONLY file descriptor to write to a pipe, but then you set the events field to POLLIN, which will test for input available. You want POLLOUT to test for output possible.
In your processing loop, you poll two fds, but you only check pfd[0] for availability, and then you never do anything with it. You should read pfd[0].fd after the pfd[0].revents & POLLIN check succeeds. You should also check pfd[1].revents & POLLOUT and write data to pfd[1].fd if that succeeds.

Related

Pipe file bigger than 64Kb and get the size and send it to char *

I am trying to create a simple program using pipes, even though that are easier options for the same task (fopen(), lseek(), ftell(), etc).
First I use execve() to perform a terminal cat, and send the information through the pipe so I may be able to print the size of the file descriptor and read it to a malloc'd char pointer. My solution is this one:
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
int main (int argc, char *argv[]) {
int fd[2], active;
int pipe_sz = 0;
char *name;
pipe(fd);
//change /bin/cat according to your system
char *cmd[] = {"/bin/cat", "example.txt", NULL};
if (fork() == 0) {
//CHILD
dup2(fd[1], STDOUT_FILENO);
close(fd[1]);
active = execve(cmd[0], cmd, NULL);
} else {
//PARENT
wait(NULL);
int ioctl_sz = ioctl(fd[0], FIONREAD, &pipe_sz);
name = malloc(pipe_sz + 1);
int result = read(fd[0], name, pipe_sz);
name[pipe_sz] = '\0';
printf("LEN NAME: %ld\n", strlen(name));
close(fd[0]);
close(fd[1]);
}
return 0;
}
Everything works fine as long as I keep myself inside the pipe's limits (my LINUX system is able to hold 65536 bytes). I decided to push the limits, and see what could happen. As expected, the program stays stuck when my file was above 65536 bytes.
I do not want to manually change my pipe's limits through fcntl(pipefd, F_SETPIPE_SZ, size) (since I "don't know" my file's size). Therefore, I researched, and came across the pipe2(pipefd, O_NONBLOCK) in order to avoid my pipe from stopping the reading process. Unfortunately, I received only this message:
/bin/cat: write error: Resource temporarily unavailable
I even tried a while loop read() and realloc() to see if my code could at least give the char pointer result, but I was not successful, and part of file was lost.
Is it possible to produce a code that may provide the same results as mine above with files bigger than 65536 bytes?
Is there a way to interrupt the pipe if it takes too long to finish the process? Or even make a while loop to guess and resize the pipe through
fcntl()?
Thanks everyone for the help!

How to use a pseudo-terminal returned from posix_openpt?

I'm trying to use posix_openpt on Mac. The issue I'm seeing is that I get a file descriptor back from posix_openpt. I use the file descriptor for reading and create a copy using dup for writing. The issue I'm running into is that when I write to the master file descriptor, I read that data back out from the master. So no data ends up at the slave. I confirmed this by using posix_spawnp to run a program with stdin/stdout/stderr set to the slave file. The program hangs indefinitely waiting for input. Here is my code (note, all error handling was removed for legibility):
int master_fd = posix_openpt(O_RDWR);
grantpt(master_fd);
unlockpt(master_fd);
char *slave_filename_orig = ptsname(master_fd);
size_t slave_filename_len = strlen(slave_filename_orig);
char slave_filename[slave_filename_len + 1];
strcpy(slave_filename, slave_filename_orig);
posix_spawn_file_actions_t fd_actions;
posix_spawn_file_actions_init(&fd_actions);
posix_spawn_file_actions_addopen(&fd_actions, STDIN_FILENO, slave_filename, O_RDONLY, 0644);
posix_spawn_file_actions_addopen(&fd_actions, STDOUT_FILENO, slave_filename, O_WRONLY, 0644);
posix_spawn_file_actions_adddup2(&fd_actions, STDOUT_FILENO, STDERR_FILENO);
pid_t pid;
posix_spawnp(&pid, "wc", &fd_actions, NULL, NULL, NULL);
int master_fd_write = dup(master_fd);
char *data = "hello world";
write(master_fd_write, data, strlen(data));
close(master_fd_write);
char buffer[1024];
read(master_fd, buffer, 1024); // <- Issue Here
// buffer now contains hello world. It should contain the output of `wc`
(Note: The above was only tested on Linux; I don't have a Mac to work on, but I have no reason to believe it's any different in the details here.)
There are several problems with your code:
At least on Linux, calling posix_spawn() with a null pointer causes a crash. You need to provide all the arguments. Even if Macs accept it the way you have it, doing this is a Good Idea.
Next, wc reading from standard input will wait until an attempt to read more data gives an End Of File condition before it prints out the statistics it gathers; your code doesn't do this. With a pty, if you write a specific byte (Typically with the value 4, but it can be different, so best to use what the terminal says instead of hardcoding it) to it, the terminal driver will recognize that as signalling EOF without having to close the master like you would when using a pipe (Making it impossible to read the output of wc).
Second, the terminal's default settings include echoing the input; that's what you're reading.
A cleaned up version that addresses these issues and more (Like yours, with most error checking omitted; real code should be checking all these functions for errors):
#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 700
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <spawn.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <wait.h>
int main(void) {
int master_fd = posix_openpt(O_RDWR);
grantpt(master_fd);
unlockpt(master_fd);
char *slave_filename_orig = ptsname(master_fd);
size_t slave_filename_len = strlen(slave_filename_orig);
char slave_filename[slave_filename_len + 1];
strcpy(slave_filename, slave_filename_orig);
//printf("slave pty filename: %s\n", slave_filename);
// Open the slave pty in this process
int slave_fd = open(slave_filename, O_RDWR);
// Set up slave pty to not echo input
struct termios tty_attrs;
tcgetattr(slave_fd, &tty_attrs);
tty_attrs.c_lflag &= ~ECHO;
tcsetattr(slave_fd, TCSANOW, &tty_attrs);
posix_spawn_file_actions_t fd_actions;
posix_spawn_file_actions_init(&fd_actions);
// Use adddup2 instead of addopen since we already have the pty open.
posix_spawn_file_actions_adddup2(&fd_actions, slave_fd, STDIN_FILENO);
posix_spawn_file_actions_adddup2(&fd_actions, slave_fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
// Also close the master and original slave fd in the child
posix_spawn_file_actions_addclose(&fd_actions, master_fd);
posix_spawn_file_actions_addclose(&fd_actions, slave_fd);
posix_spawnattr_t attrs;
posix_spawnattr_init(&attrs);
pid_t pid;
extern char **environ;
char *const spawn_argv[] = {"wc" , NULL};
posix_spawnp(&pid, "wc", &fd_actions, &attrs, spawn_argv, environ);
close(slave_fd); // No longer needed in the parent process
const char *data = "hello world\n";
ssize_t len = strlen(data);
if (write(master_fd, data, len) != len) {
perror("write");
}
// Send the terminal's end of file interrupt
cc_t tty_eof = tty_attrs.c_cc[VEOF];
if (write(master_fd, &tty_eof, sizeof tty_eof) != sizeof tty_eof) {
perror("write EOF");
}
// Wait for wc to exit
int status;
waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
char buffer[1024];
ssize_t bytes = read(master_fd, buffer, 1024);
if (bytes > 0) {
fwrite(buffer, 1, bytes, stdout);
}
close(master_fd);
return 0;
}
When compiled and run, outputs
1 2 12
There are two problems with this code.
First, you are seeing "hello world" on master_fd because by default terminals echo. You need to set the terminal to raw mode to suppress that.
Second, wc won't output anything until it sees an EOF, and it will not see an EOF until you close the master. Not just master_fd_write mind you, but all copies of master_fd, including master_fd itself. However, once you close the master, you cannot read from it.
Choose some other program that wc to demonstrate the functionality of posix_openpt.
Edit: It is possible to raise the end-of-file condition on the slave without closing the master by writing ^D (EOT, ascii 4).

FIFO read() function gets stuck in c

I'm trying to read a text file's string from a process, then deliver the string to another process via named pipes on LINUX. The problem is when i type './reader text.txt = receiver' to the console the recieving process' read() function returns an error if i put the line
fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK);
or gets stuck on read() function if i remove it.
heres the process that reads the string (reader)
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
int main(int argc,char *argv1[]){
if(argc==4 && strcmp(argv1[2],"=") == 0){
char mesaj[99999]; //message to be delivered
char line[150];
FILE *fp =fopen(argv1[1],"r"); //reading from a text file
if(fp==NULL){
printf("text file error!");
exit(1);
}
while(fgets(line,sizeof(line),fp)){
strcat(mesaj,line); //append every line to message
}
fclose(fp);
mesaj[strlen(mesaj)-1]='\0';
int n =strlen(mesaj)+1;
//printf("got the text %s\n",mesaj);
if(mkfifo("myFifo",0777)== -1 && errno!= EEXIST){
printf("Pipe error");
exit(1);
}
printf("opening\n");
int fd= open("myFifo",O_RDWR);
if(fd==-1){
printf("open error");
exit(1);
}
printf("opened");
if( write(fd, mesaj,sizeof(char)*n)==-1){
printf("write error");
exit(1);
}
printf("written");
close(fd);
printf("closed");
fflush(stdout);
char mesajSizeChar[n];
sprintf(mesajSizeChar, "%d", n);
char *args[]={mesajSizeChar,NULL}; //send the message size as parameter for the other process
char program[]="./";
strcat(program,argv1[3]); // recieved process name as parameter
execv(program,args); // call the other process
perror("execv");
return 0;
}
}
and heres the recieving process (reciever)
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
int main(int argc,char *argv1[]){
int mesajSize=atoi(argv1[0]); //convert message size to integer
char mesaj[99999];
printf("\ncame here\n");
int fd= open("myFifo",O_RDWR);
fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK);
printf("\nopen \n");
if(fd==-1)
printf("pipe error\n");
if(read(fd,mesaj,sizeof(char)*mesajSize)==-1)
printf("read error\n");
printf("read \n");
printf("\nworked: %s \n",mesaj);
close(fd);
return 0;
}
The problem is that you closed the pipe in the first process. A pipe doesn't have any permanent storage, it can only hold data while it's open by at least one process. When you close the pipe, the data that you've written to it is discarded.
As a result, when the second process tries to read from the pipe, there's nothing available.
You need to keep the pipe FD open when you execute the second process. Get rid of close(fd); in the reader program.
To use a FIFO or pipe, sender and receiver must run concurrently, but you are trying to run them sequentially. A FIFO or pipe has no persistent storage, so the system does not allow you to write to one unless unless at least one process has the read end open, so as to be able to read it.
Ordinarily, attempts to open a FIFO for writing will block while there are no readers, and vice versa. Your reader is working around this by opening the FIFO for both reading and writing, even though it intends only to write. You will find that if it tries to send too much data to the FIFO then it blocks, because nothing is reading the data, and pipes / FIFOs have limited buffer capacity. When it closes the FIFO's fd, leaving no process with it open, all data previously written to it are lost.
Your receiver also erroneously opens the FIFO for both reading and writing, whereas it should open it only for reading. There being no data to read from it, I would expect attempts to read from it to block indefinitely, unless you put it into non-blocking mode. This seems to be exactly what you describe.
To fix it, I would suggest
taking the code that starts the receiver out of the reader. Instead, start the reader and receiver separately. Alternatively, the reader may start out by fork()ing, with the resulting child process execv()ing the receiver.
The reader should open the FIFO with flag O_WRONLY, and the receiver should open it with mode O_RDONLY.
You should find a different way to convey the message length from reader to receiver, or, better, to avoid needing to tell it the message length in advance at all. You could, for instance, send an initial fixed-length message that conveys the length of the main message data, but more typical would be for the receiver to just keep reading data until it sees EOF.
The reader will cause the receiver to see EOF on the FIFO by closing it, either explicitly or by terminating. This depends on the receiver having it open in read-only mode, however, and there being no other writers.
The reader probably should not attempt to buffer the whole message in memory at once. It should not, in any case, assume that a write() call will transfer the full number of bytes requested -- the return value will tell you how many actually were transferred. You need to be prepared to use multiple write() calls in a loop to transfer all the data.
Similarly, the receiver cannot rely on a single read() call to transfer the full number of bytes requested in one call, even if it has some way to know how many are coming. As with write(), you need to be prepared to use multiple read()s to transfer all the data.

How to loop a FIFO reader program in C

I'm writing a c program in ubuntu that writes and reads in fifo pipe. I already have the program writing working perfectly, I now have a problem reading in a loop.
My reading program :
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#define MAX_CTRLS 80
void main()
{
printf("test1");
char ch2[MAX_CTRLS];
int pipe1;
pipe1 = open("/tmp/ctrl", O_RDONLY);
printf("test2");
read(pipe1, ch2, MAX_CTRLS);
printf("%s",ch2);
close(pipe1);
}
This program is supposed to read in the fifo, store it in ch2 then print in ch2. But when running it normally it works perfectly, while running it in a loop, it doesn't do anything.
Here is writing program 1 :
void send(char ch2[MAX_CTRLS])
{
int create;
create = mkfifo("/tmp/ctrl", 0666);
int pipe1;
pipe1 = open("/tmp/ctrl", O_WRONLY);
write(pipe1, ch2, MAX_CTRLS);
close(pipe1);
}
This one works using another program I have, that has a line like this :
ch2[0] = 'a';
printf("%s",ch2);
send(ch2);
The printf helps me confirm that ch2 is set properly. I need the reading program to loop the reading function, aka print everytime what is set in ch2.
I just ant it to print a in this case, everytime my program launches send(ch2).
Thaks in advance
I figure you want to have a loop that open the pipe and reads if anything is there, with no delay, then goes to sleep for a while before next reading.
Suggest something like this, u might also swap for(;;) to While(boolValue == true)
int fd = -1, naptime = 200; // 200msec
for (;;){
fd = open(pipe, mode|nodelay);
if (fd != -1){
int st = read (fd, buf, sizeof(buf)); /* open OK */
// do your printing of data if any exist - st holds read chars
if(st >0) printf(buf);
}
sleep(naptime); // sleep til next reading
}
I need the reading program to loop the reading function, aka print everytime what is set in ch2.
Simply adding a while(1) to run the reading program on a loop won't do good, because read() from a FIFO that has been closed (which is the case after the first run of the writing program) doesn't block, but rather returns 0, and we surely don't want a busy waiting read() loop. So, we need a means of waiting for something readable from the FIFO. If we have the fortune to run Linux, we can use inotify to get notified of writings to the FIFO. The reading code could be:
#include <sys/inotify.h>
int fd = inotify_init();
inotify_add_watch(fd, "/tmp/ctrl", IN_MODIFY);
pipe1 = open("/tmp/ctrl", O_RDONLY);
struct inotify_event inev;
while (read(fd, &inev, sizeof inev))
if (read(pipe1, ch2, MAX_CTRLS) > 0)
printf("%s", ch2), fflush(stdout);

Named pipe written content life

I created and written to a named pipe in C under Linux. For how long the text that is written in there is saved in the named pipe?
From what I have done, and the bytes of the pipe file after my program is run I suppose that the text is not preserved in the pipe after the program ends. In the mkfifo manual there is no info about this. I know that ordinary pipes are destroyed after the process that have created them is closed. But what about named pipes, that are still in your file system after the program has finished?
This is the code I use to create a named pipe and to write/read from it.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
int FIFOFileDescriptorID;
FIFOFileDescriptorID = mkfifo(argv[1], 0660);
int ProccesID = fork();
if (ProccesID == 0) {
int TempFileDescriptor = 0;
char buffer[512] = "Some random text goes here...";
TempFileDescriptor = open(argv[1], O_WRONLY);
write(TempFileDescriptor, &buffer, sizeof(buffer));
close(TempFileDescriptor);
} else {
int TempFileDescriptor = 0;
char buffer[512];
TempFileDescriptor = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY);
read(TempFileDescriptor, &buffer, sizeof(buffer));
close(TempFileDescriptor);
printf("Received string: %s\n", buffer);
}
return 0;
}
After I have run this program and created and use the pipe for write/read, I run another one – just to read the text from the given pipe. Indeed, there was no text there.
I will exam this thing better, because there is a good change, after I start the program do delete/create the pipe again.
It'll not save anything. When you read/write something to the named pipe, it the process will be blocked unless some other process writes/reads from the same named pipe.
The file stays in the file-system. But the content goes away when reading/writing finishes.
From linux manual,
Once you have created a FIFO special file in this way, any process
can open it for reading or writing, in the same way as an ordinary file.
However, it has to be open at both ends simultaneously before you can
proceed to do any input or output operations on it. Opening a FIFO for
reading normally blocks until some other process opens the same FIFO for
writing, and vice versa.
Here is some code I wrote up to test named pipes. I made sure to handle all errors:
cleanup in SIGPIPE
Look at Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Named_pipe - named pipes persist beyond the lifetime of the process that created or used them, until they are explicitly deleted.

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