How to include the spaces? - c

Question

I am trying to write a program that takes the words from a file, and puts those in a dynamic array. However when I try to run my code the program copies it all except for the spaces. How do I fix this?
This is a test does it work?
But I get the following:
Thisisatestdoesitwork?
char** getWords(char* filename, int* pn){
char** tmp = (char**)malloc( 1000*sizeof(char));
int *temp=(int*)malloc(1000*sizeof(int);
int c;
int counter = 0;
FILE* fileInput = fopen(filename, "r");
if(fileInput == NULL){
return tmp; // return if file open fails
}
while((c=fgetc(fileInput)) != EOF){
result = fscanf(fileInput, "%c", &c); //try to read a character
if(isalpha(c)){ //chararect alphabetical
tmp[counter] = c; // safe int to array
counter ++;
printf("%c", c); fflush(stdout);
}
else{ // if read not succesfull
fscanf(fileInput, ""); // needs to scan anything not a character
}
if(counter > 100){ // to not exceed the array
break;
}
if(feof(fileInput)){ // to check if at the end of the file
break;
}
}
fclose(fileInput); // closing file
*pn = counter;
return tmp;}
My main Function:
int main(int argc, char* argv[]){
int n;
char** a = getWords("opdracht_4_5.c", &n);
if (a != NULL){
puts("gevonden woorden:");
for (int i = 0;i < n; i++){
printf("%3d %s\n",i,a[i]);
}
for (int i = 0;i < n; i++){
free(a);
}
free(a);
}
return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

Answer 1

There are quite a few problems with your code. Here's a start:
You don't test the return value of fopen().
You don't test the return value of malloc().
You assign the return value of fgetc() to a variable of type char. Plain char is compatible with either signed char or unsigned char. In order to make a distinction between a character and EOF (which is negative), the fgetc() function returns a character converted to unsigned char (or EOF). You need to test for EOF and then convert the value to a plain char.
The is...() function expects an int argument whose value is in the range of an unsigned char or EOF. If you have a plain char, you first have to cast it to unsigned char, or you can pass the return value of fgetc() straight to isalpha().
You attempt to append an zero-length char array (temp) to an uninitialized char array (s), and you do not test if there is enough room in the target array. This is broken for more reasons than than I care to enumerate.
You allocate memory for an array of 1000 pointers to char, but you never allocate memory for the char pointers themselves.
You try to append your buffer (s) to an uninitialized pointer (*tmp).
You call strlen() on something that is not null-terminated.
You never return the length of the array.
You call a number of functions that have not been declared.

Answer 2

This will read the file, put each word in an array
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
char** getWords(char* filename, int* pn){
char input[100]; // array to hold each word
char** tmp; // double pointer
int counter = 0;
int words = 0;
int c;
tmp = malloc( (*pn)*sizeof(char*)); // allocate pointers for number of words
if ( tmp == NULL) {
printf ( "malloc failed\n");
exit (1);
}
FILE* fileInput = fopen(filename, "r");
if(fileInput == NULL){
printf ( "file open failed\n");
*pn = 0; // no words entered
return tmp; // return if file open fails
}
while(( c = fgetc(fileInput)) != EOF){
if( isalnum(c)){ // is alpha or number
input[counter] = c; // save to array
input[counter + 1] = '\0'; // save a \0 to the end to make a string
counter ++;
}
else{ // not alpha or number
if ( counter > 0) { // if there are characters, save the word
tmp[words] = malloc ( strlen ( input) + 1); // memory for this word
strcpy ( tmp[words], input); // copy the word to the array
words++;
counter = 0;
if ( words >= *pn) { // got all the words wanted
break;
}
}
}
if(counter > 98){ // too many characters for input, start a new word
tmp[words] = malloc ( strlen ( input) + 1);
strcpy ( tmp[words], input);
words++;
counter = 0;
if ( words >= *pn) {
break;
}
}
}
fclose(fileInput); // closing file
*pn = words; // save number of words
return tmp;
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[]){
int n;
int i;
printf ( "enter the number of words to obtain\n");
scanf ( "%d", &n);
char** a = getWords("opdracht_4_5.c", &n);
if (a != NULL){
puts("gevonden woorden:");
for ( i = 0;i < n; i++){
printf("%3d %s\n",i,a[i]);
}
for ( i = 0;i < n; i++){
free(a[i]); // free each word
}
free(a); // free the pointer to the words
}
return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
The input file I used had these as the first two lines
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
I get this output:
enter the number of words to obtain
6
gevonden woorden:
0 include
1 stdio
2 h
3 include
4 string
5 h

Answer 3

This answer is as yet incomplete
Please allow me to finish this before commenting on it -- Thank you
There are a lot if issues with your code, I won't clean it up for you. However I would like to give you some hints on how your program SHOULD be coded:
Your main objective is to read a file and load the content word by word in an array.
Sorting is an incorrect use because that implies you want to sort them alphabetically or in some other order after loading it into an array.
Okay, so first things first, let's figure out the overall operation of our program. We'll call our program kitten, because it's not quite as powerful as cat.
To run our program we will assume that we give it the filename we want to read on the command-line as follows:
$ ./kitten somefile.txt
and expect the output to be:
word1
word2
word3
.
.
.
wordN
Total words: N
So, let's get started, first we make sure that our user specifies a filename:
#include <stdio.h>
int usage(const char *progname);
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
if (argc < 2) {
usage(argv[0]);
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
int usage(const char *progname)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Usage is:\n\t%s filename\n", progname);
}
Now that we know that our program can get a filename, let's try to open the text file, if there is an issue with it we use perror to display the error and exit the program, otherwise we are ready to use the file:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
int usage(const char *progname);
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
FILE *fp;
if (argc < 2) {
usage(argv[0]);
return -1;
}
fp = fopen(argv[1], "r");
if (!fp) {
perror(argv[1]); /* display system error, with the filename */
return -1;
}
/* TODO: file manipulation goes here */
fclose(fp); /* close the file */
return 0;
}
int usage(const char *progname)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Usage is:\n\t%s filename\n", progname);
}
Now in C each function should perform just one task. The task should make human sense. For example if the function is supposed to read words into an array, then that's all it should do, it should not open a file or close a file, which is WHY the code above does not create a function for opening the file the way you did. Your function should take in FILE * as the file to read.
Because we use the FILE * as input we'll start the function name with an f to keep with the stdio convention. Ideally, the function should take a pointer to char * (strings) to store the words in.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
int usage(const char *progname);
size_t fload(FILE *fp, char **wordlist_p);
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
FILE *fp;
if (argc < 2) {
usage(argv[0]);
return -1;
}
fp = fopen(argv[1], "r");
if (!fp) {
perror(argv[1]); /* display system error, with the filename */
return -1;
}
if(fload(fp, wordlist_p) < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Something went wrong\n")
}
fclose(fp); /* close the file */
return 0;
}
int usage(const char *progname)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Usage is:\n\t%s filename\n", progname);
}
size_t fload(FILE *fp, char **wordlist_p)
{
size_t rv = -1; /* return value */
return rv;
}
Now we run into a conceptual problem. How do we allocate memory for wordlist_p? I mean we don't have any idea about how big the file is, we also don't know how big the biggest word in the file is.
Crude approach
Let's first try an think about it the simple way:
Point to the beginning of the `wordlist_p` with a `tail_pointer`
Read the file line by line, (we assume no hyphenation)
For each line split the line up along white spaces,
Allocate space for the number of words in the `wordlist_p` array
For each word in the split line
Allocate space for the word itself
Save the pointer to the word at the tail_pointer
Advance wordlist_p tail_pointer
Next word
Next Line
Let's look at what the fload function would look like with these steps above,
More to come ##