Bison, Flex and compiling my compiler error with parser.y - c

Question

I'm getting an error on compiling my compiler and I have no idea why. I'm running OS X 10.9.1 and the latest Xcode.
parser.y:1.1-5: invalid directive: `%code'
parser.y:1.7-9: syntax error, unexpected identifier
Here is the code of my parser.y
%code top {
#include "frontend.h"
#include "type.h"
#include "ast.h"
#include "env.h"
#include <glib.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
extern int yylex(void);
extern int yyerror(const char*);
}
%code requires {
#include "type.h"
#include "ast.h"
#include <glib.h>
}
%union {
char* id;
char* str;
int num;
GList* list;
Type* type;
struct exp* exp;
struct decl* decl;
struct stmt *stmt;
struct GList *stmts_list;
};
%type <exp> exp
%type <exp> aexp
%type <exp> bexp
%type <exp> obj_lit
%type <exp> lvalue
%type <exp> fun_call
%type <list> decls
%type <list> var_decls
%type <decl> decl
%type <decl> var_decl
%type <decl> fun_decl
%type <decl> type_decl
%type <type> type
/* Ids could be types or exps. */
%token <id> T_ID
%token <str> T_STR
%token <num> T_NUM
%token T_LT_EQ "<="
%token T_GT_EQ ">="
%token T_EQ "=="
%token T_NOT_EQ "!="
%token T_VAR T_TYPE T_FUNCTION
T_FOR T_TO T_WHILE T_IF T_ELSE T_RETURN
T_NIL T_TRUE T_FALSE
T_INT T_BOOL
T_UNKNOWN
%left '|'
%left '&'
%left "==" "!="
%left '<' '>' "<=" ">="
%left '+' '-'
%left '*' '/' '%'
%left T_UMINUS T_UPLUS '!'
%start program
%%
// ian start
program:
decls {
done_parsing($1);
}
decls:
{ GList* declsList = NULL; $$ = declsList; }
| decls decl {
$$ = g_list_append($1, $2);
}
decl: var_decl {
$$ = $1;
}
| fun_decl {
$$ = $1;
}
| type_decl {
$$ = $1;
}
var_decls:
{ GList* declsList = NULL; $$ = declsList; } | var_decls var_decl {
$$ = g_list_append($1, $2);
}
var_decl:
T_VAR T_ID ':' type ';' {
Symbol varName = symbol_var($2);
$$ = decl_new(varName, $4, NULL, NULL, NULL);
}
| T_VAR T_ID ':' type '=' exp ';' {
Symbol varName = symbol_var($2);
$$ = decl_new(varName, $4, $6, NULL, NULL);
}
type_decl:
T_TYPE T_ID ':' type ';' {
Symbol typeName = symbol_typename($2);
$$ = decl_new(typeName, $4, NULL, NULL, NULL);
}
// ian end
// adam start
param_decl:
T_ID ':' type
param_decls:
param_decl
| param_decls ',' param_decl
field_decl:
T_ID ':' type
field_decls:
field_decl
| field_decls ',' field_decl
type:
T_INT
| T_BOOL
| T_ID
| '[' type ']'
| '{' field_decls '}'
fun_decl:
T_FUNCTION T_ID '(' param_decls ')' ':' type '{' var_decls stmts '}'
| T_FUNCTION T_ID '(' param_decls ')' '{' var_decls stmts '}'
| T_FUNCTION T_ID '(' ')' ':' type '{' var_decls stmts '}'
| T_FUNCTION T_ID '(' ')' '{' var_decls stmts '}'
// adam end
// vv IAN
exp:
aexp {
$$ = $1;
}
| bexp {
$$ = $1;
}
| obj_lit {
$$ = $1;
}
| fun_call {
$$ = $1;
}
| lvalue {
$$ = $1;
}
| '(' exp ')' {
$$ = $2;
}
aexp:
T_NUM {
exp_num_new($1);
}
| '+' exp %prec T_UPLUS {
$$ = exp_binop_new(AST_EXP_MUL, exp_num_new(1), $2);
}
| '-' exp %prec T_UMINUS {
$$ = exp_binop_new(AST_EXP_MUL, exp_num_new(-1), $2);
}
| exp '+' exp {
$$ = exp_binop_new(AST_EXP_PLUS, $1, $3);
}
| exp '-' exp {
$$ = exp_binop_new(AST_EXP_MINUS, $1, $3);
}
| exp '/' exp {
$$ = exp_binop_new(AST_EXP_DIV, $1, $3);
}
| exp '%' exp {
$$ = exp_binop_new(AST_EXP_MOD, $1, $3);
}
| exp '*' exp {
$$ = exp_binop_new(AST_EXP_MUL, $1, $3);
}
bexp:
T_TRUE {
$$ = exp_new(AST_EXP_TRUE);
}
| T_FALSE {
$$ = exp_new(AST_EXP_FALSE);
}
| '!' exp {
$$ = exp_not_new($2);
}
| exp '|' exp {
$$ = exp_binop_new(AST_EXP_OR, $1, $3);
}
| exp '&' exp {
$$ = exp_binop_new(AST_EXP_AND, $1, $3);
}
| exp '<' exp {
$$ = exp_binop_new(AST_EXP_LT, $1, $3);
}
| exp "<=" exp {
$$ = exp_binop_new(AST_EXP_LT_EQ, $1, $3);
}
| exp '>' exp {
$$ = exp_binop_new(AST_EXP_GT, $1, $3);
}
| exp ">=" exp {
$$ = exp_binop_new(AST_EXP_GT_EQ, $1, $3);
}
| exp "==" exp {
$$ = exp_binop_new(AST_EXP_EQ, $1, $3);
}
| exp "!=" exp {
$$ = exp_binop_new(AST_EXP_NOT_EQ, $1, $3);
}
// jon start
obj_lit: array_lit | struct_lit
| T_NIL
array_lit:
'[' exps ']'
| T_STR
exps:
exp
| exps ',' exp
struct_lit:
'{' field_inits '}'
field_init:
T_ID '=' exp
field_inits:
field_init
| field_inits ',' field_init
fun_call:
T_ID '(' exps ')'
| T_ID '(' ')'
lvalue:
T_ID
| struct_exp '.' T_ID
| array_exp '[' exp ']'
array_exp: array_lit | fun_call | lvalue
struct_exp: struct_lit | fun_call | lvalue
// jon end
// patrick start
stmts: { GList *stmts_list = NULL; stmts_list = $$; }
| stmts stmt { $$ = g_list_append($1, $2); }
stmt:
exp ';' { $$ = stmt_exp_new($2); }
| lvalue '=' exp ';' { $$ = stmt_assign_new($1 , $3); }
| T_IF '(' exp ')' block T_ELSE block { $$ = stmt_if_new($3, $5, $7); }
| T_IF '(' exp ')' block { $$ = stmt_if_new($3, $5, NULL); }
| T_WHILE '(' exp ')' block { $$ = stmt_while_new($3, $5); }
| T_FOR '(' lvalue '=' exp T_TO exp ')' block { $$ = stmt_for_new($3, $5, $7, $9); }
| T_RETURN '(' exp ')' ';' { $$ = stmt_return_new($3); }
| T_RETURN ';' { $$ = stmt_return_new(NULL); }
block:
'{' stmts '}' { $$ = $2; }
//patrick end
%%
int yyerror(const char *p) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", p);
return 0;
}

Answer 1

From the comments, it seems likely that the version of bison which you are using does not support the %code directive. I believe the initial form of that directive didn't get into bison until version 2.3b, and the qualified version (%code top) was introduced some time in 2007. (That's from perusing the change log, not the code history.)
If that's the case, you have two choices:
Just use %{...%}. I don't see any obvious reason in your source file why you would need %code top in the first place. (Or why you feel the need to #include some of your own headers twice.)
Download and compile a version of bison which more closely corresponds to the manual you're reading.
These are not mutually incompatible, of course.