this is driving me bonkers.
For parallel make builds (-j), you're supposed to be able to synchronize the console output. Here is ref:
GNU Make Manual: 5.4.1 Output During Parallel Execution
I'm using GNU Make 3.82 for x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu
Un-Synchronized:
make -j8 all //not synchronized
yields (i'm using eclipse-cdt managedbuild here):
Building file: ../dome.c
Building file: ../main.c
Invoking: GCC C Compiler
gcc -O0 -g3 -Wall -c -fmessage-length=0 -MMD -MP -MF"dome.d" -MT"dome.d" -o "dome.o" "../dome.c"
Invoking: GCC C Compiler
gcc -O0 -g3 -Wall -c -fmessage-length=0 -MMD -MP -MF"main.d" -MT"main.d" -o "main.o" "../main.c"
Finished building: ../dome.c
Finished building: ../main.c
Building target: empty_linux
Invoking: GCC C Linker
gcc -o "empty_linux" ./dome.o ./main.o
Finished building target: empty_linux
Synchronized Attempt
make -j8 all --output-sync
yields (same result for -O/-Oline/etc):
make: unrecognized option '--output-sync
Question
what the heck am I doing wrong??
The --output-sync option is only available in GNU make 4.0. Also, in your case you should use:
--output-sync=target
or
-Otarget
But this won't work with version 3.82.
Related
I have a DE1-SoC (Cyclone V) board where I am trying to get timer interrupts to work on the HPS. I found an example in the Intel FPGA University Program called "interrupt_example", and when I run it on the Intel FPGA Universioty Program, it runs perfectly.
Now I want to transfer this project to ARM DS, but I cannot get it to work because everytime when I am trying to write to the interval timer at address 0xFF202000, the debugger won't proceed. When I try to look in the memory of 0xFF202000 in ARM DS, I also cannot see anything.
I am using the same compiler (GCC C 4.7.3 arm-altera-eabi) and I tried to use the same compiler arguments:
Intel FPGA Monitor Program
rm -f interrupt_example.c.o
arm-altera-eabi-gcc -Wall -c -g -O1 -mfloat-abi=soft -march=armv7-a -mtune=cortex-a9 -mcpu=cortex-a9 interrupt_example.c -o interrupt_example.c.o
rm -f exceptions.c.o
arm-altera-eabi-gcc -Wall -c -g -O1 -mfloat-abi=soft -march=armv7-a -mtune=cortex-a9 -mcpu=cortex-a9 exceptions.c -o exceptions.c.o
rm -f HPS_timer_ISR.c.o
arm-altera-eabi-gcc -Wall -c -g -O1 -mfloat-abi=soft -march=armv7-a -mtune=cortex-a9 -mcpu=cortex-a9 HPS_timer_ISR.c -o HPS_timer_ISR.c.o
rm -f interval_timer_ISR.c.o
arm-altera-eabi-gcc -Wall -c -g -O1 -mfloat-abi=soft -march=armv7-a -mtune=cortex-a9 -mcpu=cortex-a9 interval_timer_ISR.c -o interval_timer_ISR.c.o
rm -f pushbutton_ISR.c.o
arm-altera-eabi-gcc -Wall -c -g -O1 -mfloat-abi=soft -march=armv7-a -mtune=cortex-a9 -mcpu=cortex-a9 pushbutton_ISR.c -o pushbutton_ISR.c.o
rm -f interrupt_example.axf
ARM DS
make all
'Building file: ../interrupt_example/HPS_timer_ISR.c'
'Invoking: GCC C Compiler 4.7.3 [arm-altera-eabi]'
arm-altera-eabi-gcc.exe -Dsoc_cv_av -I"C:\CSA\Baremetal_Hex_Disco\sw\hps\application\inc" -IC:/intelFPGA/20.1/embedded/ip/altera/hps/altera_hps/hwlib/include -IC:/intelFPGA/20.1/embedded/ip/altera/hps/altera_hps/hwlib/include/soc_cv_av -O1 -g3 -Wall -c -mfloat-abi=soft -march=armv7-a -mtune=cortex-a9 -mcpu=cortex-a9 -MMD -MP -MF"interrupt_example/HPS_timer_ISR.d" -MT"interrupt_example/HPS_timer_ISR.o" -c -o "interrupt_example/HPS_timer_ISR.o" "../interrupt_example/HPS_timer_ISR.c"
'Finished building: ../interrupt_example/HPS_timer_ISR.c'
' '
'Building file: ../interrupt_example/exceptions.c'
'Invoking: GCC C Compiler 4.7.3 [arm-altera-eabi]'
arm-altera-eabi-gcc.exe -Dsoc_cv_av -I"C:\CSA\Baremetal_Hex_Disco\sw\hps\application\inc" -IC:/intelFPGA/20.1/embedded/ip/altera/hps/altera_hps/hwlib/include -IC:/intelFPGA/20.1/embedded/ip/altera/hps/altera_hps/hwlib/include/soc_cv_av -O1 -g3 -Wall -c -mfloat-abi=soft -march=armv7-a -mtune=cortex-a9 -mcpu=cortex-a9 -MMD -MP -MF"interrupt_example/exceptions.d" -MT"interrupt_example/exceptions.o" -c -o "interrupt_example/exceptions.o" "../interrupt_example/exceptions.c"
'Finished building: ../interrupt_example/exceptions.c'
' '
'Building file: ../interrupt_example/interval_timer_ISR.c'
'Invoking: GCC C Compiler 4.7.3 [arm-altera-eabi]'
arm-altera-eabi-gcc.exe -Dsoc_cv_av -I"C:\CSA\Baremetal_Hex_Disco\sw\hps\application\inc" -IC:/intelFPGA/20.1/embedded/ip/altera/hps/altera_hps/hwlib/include -IC:/intelFPGA/20.1/embedded/ip/altera/hps/altera_hps/hwlib/include/soc_cv_av -O1 -g3 -Wall -c -mfloat-abi=soft -march=armv7-a -mtune=cortex-a9 -mcpu=cortex-a9 -MMD -MP -MF"interrupt_example/interval_timer_ISR.d" -MT"interrupt_example/interval_timer_ISR.o" -c -o "interrupt_example/interval_timer_ISR.o" "../interrupt_example/interval_timer_ISR.c"
'Finished building: ../interrupt_example/interval_timer_ISR.c'
' '
'Building file: ../interrupt_example/pushbutton_ISR.c'
'Invoking: GCC C Compiler 4.7.3 [arm-altera-eabi]'
arm-altera-eabi-gcc.exe -Dsoc_cv_av -I"C:\CSA\Baremetal_Hex_Disco\sw\hps\application\inc" -IC:/intelFPGA/20.1/embedded/ip/altera/hps/altera_hps/hwlib/include -IC:/intelFPGA/20.1/embedded/ip/altera/hps/altera_hps/hwlib/include/soc_cv_av -O1 -g3 -Wall -c -mfloat-abi=soft -march=armv7-a -mtune=cortex-a9 -mcpu=cortex-a9 -MMD -MP -MF"interrupt_example/pushbutton_ISR.d" -MT"interrupt_example/pushbutton_ISR.o" -c -o "interrupt_example/pushbutton_ISR.o" "../interrupt_example/pushbutton_ISR.c"
'Finished building: ../interrupt_example/pushbutton_ISR.c'
' '
'Building file: ../.metadata/.plugins/org.eclipse.cdt.make.core/specs.c'
'Invoking: GCC C Compiler 4.7.3 [arm-altera-eabi]'
arm-altera-eabi-gcc.exe -Dsoc_cv_av -I"C:\CSA\Baremetal_Hex_Disco\sw\hps\application\inc" -IC:/intelFPGA/20.1/embedded/ip/altera/hps/altera_hps/hwlib/include -IC:/intelFPGA/20.1/embedded/ip/altera/hps/altera_hps/hwlib/include/soc_cv_av -O1 -g3 -Wall -c -mfloat-abi=soft -march=armv7-a -mtune=cortex-a9 -mcpu=cortex-a9 -MMD -MP -MF".metadata/.plugins/org.eclipse.cdt.make.core/specs.d" -MT".metadata/.plugins/org.eclipse.cdt.make.core/specs.o" -c -o ".metadata/.plugins/org.eclipse.cdt.make.core/specs.o" "../.metadata/.plugins/org.eclipse.cdt.make.core/specs.c"
'Finished building: ../.metadata/.plugins/org.eclipse.cdt.make.core/specs.c'
' '
'Building file: ../main.c'
'Invoking: GCC C Compiler 4.7.3 [arm-altera-eabi]'
arm-altera-eabi-gcc.exe -Dsoc_cv_av -I"C:\CSA\Baremetal_Hex_Disco\sw\hps\application\inc" -IC:/intelFPGA/20.1/embedded/ip/altera/hps/altera_hps/hwlib/include -IC:/intelFPGA/20.1/embedded/ip/altera/hps/altera_hps/hwlib/include/soc_cv_av -O1 -g3 -Wall -c -mfloat-abi=soft -march=armv7-a -mtune=cortex-a9 -mcpu=cortex-a9 -MMD -MP -MF"main.d" -MT"main.o" -c -o "main.o" "../main.c"
'Finished building: ../main.c'
' '
I am also using the same linker arguments:
Intel FPGA Monitor Program
arm-altera-eabi-gcc -Wl,--defsym -Wl,arm_program_mem=0x40 -Wl,--defsym -Wl,arm_available_mem_size=0x3fffffb8 -Wl,--defsym -Wl,__cs3_stack=0x3ffffff8 -Wl,--section-start -Wl,.vectors=0x0 -T"C:/intelFPGA_lite/17.0/University_Program/Monitor_Program/build/altera-socfpga-hosted-with-vectors.ld" interrupt_example.c.o exceptions.c.o HPS_timer_ISR.c.o interval_timer_ISR.c.o pushbutton_ISR.c.o -o interrupt_example.axf
ARM DS
arm-altera-eabi-gcc -T "C:\intelFPGA_lite\17.0\University_Program\Monitor_Program\build\altera-socfpga-hosted-with-vectors.ld" --exceptions -Wl,--defsym -Wl,arm_program_mem=0x40 -Wl,--defsym -Wl,arm_available_mem_size=0x3fffffb8 -Wl,--defsym -Wl,__cs3_stack=0x3ffffff8 -Wl,--section-start -Wl,.vectors=0x0 -o "Baremetal_Hex_Disco.axf" ./interrupt_example/HPS_timer_ISR.o ./interrupt_example/exceptions.o ./interrupt_example/interval_timer_ISR.o ./interrupt_example/pushbutton_ISR.o ./.metadata/.plugins/org.eclipse.cdt.make.core/specs.o ./main.o
I also tried to use the same preloader, but this does not work out when I am writing the debug script. I am not sure if this is the problem. If this is actually the problem, I would appreciate it if someone can help me writing another debug script, because ARM DS is giving me problems when I try to use u-boot-spl.de1-soc.srec as a preloader.
Preloader information in Intel FPGA Monitor Program
Info: Running Quartus Prime Programmer
Info: Version 17.0.0 Build 595 04/25/2017 SJ Lite Edition
Info: Copyright (C) 2017 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Info: Your use of Intel Corporation's design tools, logic functions
Info: and other software and tools, and its AMPP partner logic
Info: functions, and any output files from any of the foregoing
Info: (including device programming or simulation files), and any
Info: associated documentation or information are expressly subject
Info: to the terms and conditions of the Intel Program License
Info: Subscription Agreement, the Intel Quartus Prime License Agreement,
Info: the Intel MegaCore Function License Agreement, or other
Info: applicable license agreement, including, without limitation,
Info: that your use is for the sole purpose of programming logic
Info: devices manufactured by Intel and sold by Intel or its
Info: authorized distributors. Please refer to the applicable
Info: agreement for further details.
Info: Processing started: Sun Feb 07 10:04:39 2021
Info: Command: quartus_hps --cable="DE-SoC [USB-1]" -o GDBSERVER --gdbport0=3350 --preloader=C:/intelFPGA_lite/17.0/University_Program/Monitor_Program/arm_tools/u-boot-spl.de1-soc.srec --preloaderaddr=0xffff13a0 --source=C:/Users/red25/Documents/interrupt_example.srec
Current hardware is: DE-SoC [USB-1]
Successfully change hardware frequency to 16Mhz
Found HPS at device 1
Double check JTAG chain
HPS Device IDCODE: 0x4BA00477
AHB Port is located at port 0
APB Port is located at port 1
Double check device identification ...
>>CPU0 halted at 0x2fa8.
>>Resetting HPS.
>>Downloading preloader.....
>>Program loaded. PC set to program entry (0xFFFF0000)
>>Setting vector base address register to: 0xffff0000
>>Running preloader..
>>Preloader successfully run.
>>Downloading user program.
>>Program loaded. PC set to program entry (0x0128)
>>Setting vector base address register to: 0x0
>> Hard breakpoint set.
Starting GDB Server.
Debug script in ARM DS
reset
wait 5s
stop
wait
loadfile "$sdir/../../preloader/uboot-socfpga/spl/u-boot-spl" 0x0
set semihosting enabled true
delete
tbreak spl_boot_device
run
wait
loadfile "$sdir/../Debug/Baremetal_Hex_Disco.axf" 0x0
start*
The disassembly of the code where the 0xFF202000 is being written also looks identical:
Intel FPGA Monitor Program
Disassembly picture Intel FPGA Monitor Program
ARM DS
Disassembly picture ARM DS
I tried everything which I could think of now. I really hope someone can help me. Thank you in advance.
Edit:
In the mean time, I found that when the program tries to write to 0xFF202000, it enters an endless loop in assembly. I am not really familiar with assembly, so I am not sure why this happens.
Endless loop assembly 0xFF202000
I am new to Makefile, C and Linux. I am using gcc & ubuntu. I encountered a problem while trying to compile the code with a link to a library.
Here is my problem. I have:
a_tests.c & b_tests.c files in "tests" folder
lib.a file in "build" folder
Here is the codes in Makefile related to the problem:
CFLAGS=-g -O2 -Wall -Wextra -Isrc -DNDEBUG $(OPTFLAGS)
TARGET=build/lib.a
TEST_SRC=$(wildcard tests/*_tests.c)
TESTS=$(patsubst %.c,%,$(TEST_SRC))
tests: CFLAGS += $(TARGET)
tests: $(TESTS)
When the tests files are compiled, "undefined reference to 'XXXfunction'"errors will be prompted. Because what executed behind is
gcc -g -O2 -Wall -Wextra -Isrc -DNDEBUG build/lib.a tests/a_tests.c -o test/a_tests
gcc -g -O2 -Wall -Wextra -Isrc -DNDEBUG build/lib.a tests/b_tests.c -o test/b_tests
But "build/lib.a" should be placed after the output file name to solve it (If I manually type in the below commands, the codes would be successfully compiled), ie:
gcc -g -O2 -Wall -Wextra -Isrc -DNDEBUG tests/a_tests.c -o test/a_tests build/lib.a
gcc -g -O2 -Wall -Wextra -Isrc -DNDEBUG tests/b_tests.c -o test/b_tests build/lib.a
But I don't know how to change in the Makefile, I tried -l -L options, they didn't work. It would warn that "cannot find the .a file". Any help would be appreciated. Thank you so much in advance!
Define the library as a dependency, because it is one. It will be appended at the end of the other dependencies, here: the source.
CFLAGS=-g -O2 -Wall -Wextra -Isrc -DNDEBUG $(OPTFLAGS)
TARGET=build/lib.a
TEST_SRC=$(wildcard tests/*_tests.c)
TESTS=$(TEST_SRC:%.c=%)
tests: $(TESTS)
$(TESTS): $(TARGET)
The library does not need to be after the output file, but after the depending input file.
The makefile is further simplified:
Replaced the patsubst with a simpler expression.
Moved the target tests up, so it is found as the first and therefore default target.
Good luck!
I'm working on a Linux project in C consisting of two different open source applications. "Project A" (libduo) creates an archive used for linking a couple test programs and creates the library like this:
/usr/bin/ar rv libduo.a duo.o http_parser.o https.o match.o parson.o urlenc.o
/usr/bin/ar: creating libduo.a
a - duo.o
a - http_parser.o
a - https.o
a - match.o
a - parson.o
a - urlenc.o
ranlib libduo.a
One of the libduo test programs is built like this:
gcc -g -O2 -Wall -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fstack-protector -I. -I. -DDUODIR=\"/usr/local/duo/libduo/etc\" -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -c test-duologin.c
gcc -o test-duologin test-duologin.o -L. -lduo -lssl -lcrypto
"Project B" is an OpenLDAP module which I've built with -lduo and a few options to tell it where to find things:
(cd .libs && rm -f pw-apr1.la && ln -s ../pw-apr1.la pw-apr1.la)
../../../libtool --mode=compile gcc -g -O2 -Wall -I../../../include -I../../../include -I../../../servers/slapd -I../../../contrib/slapd-modules/passwd/libduo -c pw-duo.c
gcc -g -O2 -Wall -I../../../include -I../../../include -I../../../servers/slapd -I../../../contrib/slapd-modules/passwd/libduo -c pw-duo.c -fPIC -DPIC -o .libs/pw-duo.o
gcc -g -O2 -Wall -I../../../include -I../../../include -I../../../servers/slapd -I../../../contrib/slapd-modules/passwd/libduo -c pw-duo.c -o pw-duo.o >/dev/null 2>&1
../../../libtool --mode=link gcc -g -O2 -Wall -version-info 0:0:0 \
-rpath /usr/local/libexec/openldap -module -o pw-duo.la pw-duo.lo libduo.a -lduo
*** Warning: Linking the shared library pw-duo.la against the
*** static library libduo.a is not portable!
cc -shared .libs/pw-duo.o libduo.a -lduo -Wl,-soname -Wl,pw-duo.so.0 -o .libs/pw-duo.so.0.0.0
/usr/bin/ld: libduo.a(duo.o): relocation R_X86_64_32 against `.rodata.str1.1' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC
libduo.a: error adding symbols: Bad value
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Makefile:51: recipe for target 'pw-duo.la' failed
make: *** [pw-duo.la] Error 1
The Makefile I'm using is the same one distributed with the OpenLDAP project. I've just added a section in the Makefile to build my module, using the same options for the other modules already there but adding -lduo to my section along with the paths to the libduo includes and libduo.a.
As make suggests above, I've recompiled by adding -fPIC after the -Wall option but it the same error was repeated. As a last resort, I tried adding -static to the module build but make was having none of that either:
*** Warning: Linking the shared library pw-duo.la against the
*** static library libduo.a is not portable!
This is the first time I've tried to build a C application against a lib not in the standard Linux locations so not exactly sure what's going on. I suspect libduo is built intended to be statically linked into everything, but the OpenLDAP modules are designed to use shared libraries. Can anyone elucidate?
Update: with help of comments below and this link I created a shared library from the .o files and distributed/built against that.
I want to compile a C file for stellaris board. (cortex m4)
But the compiler always throws the following errors:
Building file: ../main.c
Invoking: Cross GCC Compiler
arm-none-eabi-gcc -DPART_LM4F120H5QR -DARM_MATH_CM4 -DTARGET_IS_BLIZZARD_RA1 -I/home/erbal/src/stellaris -I/usr/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.5.1/include-fixed -I/usr/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.5.1/include -I/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.8.2/include -O0 -g3 -Wall -c -fmessage-length=0 -mthumb -mcpu=cortex-m4 -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 -mfloat-abi=softfp -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -MMD -MP -MF"main.d" -MT"main.d" -o "main.o" "../main.c"
as: unrecognized option '-mcpu=cortex-m4'
subdir.mk:21: recipe for target 'main.o' failed
make: *** [main.o] Error 1
You need to install the arm-none-eabi-binutils package in addition to arm-none-eabi-gcc.
You can use the GCC -B option to specify the prefix of the tool chain binaries, so the cross-compiler is used instead of the native.
Need to put the arm-none-eabi-c++ or arm-none-eabi-gcc together with the whole gcc folder [e.g inside arm-none-eabi folder]. Because compiler will depend on others binutils component/files as well.
Let's say you have the tool chain specific to ARM EABI at /usr/local/arduino-packages-1.6.8, ensure that /usr/local/arduino-packages-1.6.8/arduino/tools/arm-none-eabi-gcc/4.8.3-2014q1/arm-none-eabi/bin is readable and in the PATH environment variable and its contents have executable permissions.
I'm trying to build a simple c application using gcc on aix
gcc -I. -c hello.c -o hello.o
gcc -o helloWorld hello.o -L helloHelper.so -ldl
I get the following errors
ld 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: .PrintHello
PrintHello is a method in the library helloHelper.
I can build the application in windows.
The option -L is for indicating directories where to search for libraries. To link a dynamic library directly, just put it in the linker command:
gcc -o helloWorld hello.o helloHelper.so -ldl
Other option would be to use -lhelloHelper but then the library should be called libhelloHelper.so.
Try this:
gcc -o helloworld hello.o -L. -lhelloHelper -ldl