I have installed eCos OS on a linux system (Ubuntu 13.02). After installation, the eCos files are located in opt/ecos.
As I read the eCos tutorial, I see hello.c is stored in opt/ecos/ecos-3.0/examples/hello.c (And I notice that maybe all main eCos system files store in the ecos-3.0 directory).
I have followed the eCos tutorial found on the official website, but I still cannot successfully compile hello.c.
More detail. When I try to run :
$ export INSTALL_DIR=BASE_DIR/ecos-work/arm_install
$ TARGET-gcc -g -IBASE_DIR/ecos-work/install/include hello.c \
-LBASE_DIR/ecos-work/install/lib -Ttarget.ld -nostdlib
I get the error : TARGET-gcc : command not found
I have tried some other tutorials, but I'm still having issues (too messy to list here).
I am looking for step-by-step instruction on compiling hello.c in eCos system. I see the eCos manual lacking in this area.
Thanks :)
It appears that you've missed a subtle convention in the eCos documentation. Items in italics are provided by you! They are variables.
The documentation mentions this here:
Note: Remember that when this manual shows TARGET-gcc you should use
the full name of the cross compiler, e.g. i386-elf-gcc, arm-elf-gcc,
or sh-elf-gcc. When compiling for the synthetic Linux target, use the
native gcc which must have the features required by eCos.
Replace TARGET with the appropriate value and BASE_DIR with (I think, in your case) /opt/ecos. You should verify the include directory before moving forward:
$ ls -l /opt/ecos/ecos-work/install/include
If that doesn't list directory contents, then you simply need to locate ecos-work
The Ecosconfig on Windows and Linux Quick Start section of the docs has you create the BASE_DIR directory (below is a snippet that I am quoting ... italics will not display).
$ mkdir BASE_DIR/ecos-work
$ cd BASE_DIR/ecos-work
So, this could be the correct invocation.
$ export INSTALL_DIR=/opt/ecos/ecos-work/arm_install
$ arm-elf-gcc -g -I/opt/ecos/ecos-work/install/include hello.c \
-L/opt/ecos/ecos-work/install/lib -Ttarget.ld -nostdlib
you need to do
# source /opt/ecos/ecosenv.sh
Then you can try to compile by changing TARGET=
$ TARGET-gcc -g -IBASE_DIR/ecos-work/install/include hello.c \
-LBASE_DIR/ecos-work/install/lib -Ttarget.ld -nostdlib
Related
I was asked to create a C-Function to integrate with Postgres. The Postgres documentation to this kind of function is available here: Postgres documentation.
The function I am trying to compile is from the manual and it is called add_one, just for test. But I had a problem while compiling it. The command I followed of the documentation was:
cc -fPIC -c foo.c
cc -shared -o foo.so foo.o
And the problem it returned was:
[igoralberte#localhost inside-postgres]$ cc -fPIC -c serializacao.c
serializacao.c:1:10: fatal error: postgres.h: Arquivo ou diretório inexistente
#include "postgres.h"
^~~~~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
In English, it means: Non-existent file or directory (postgres.h).
I have tried to copy some files I thought were important to /usr/lib directory. They were on /usr/include/pgsql or on /lib64. Those files were:
libpq.so
libpq.so.5
libpq.so.5.13
libpq (directory)
postgres_ext.h
Some important informations about my system:
I am using CentOS 8
System architecture: x86-64
GCC version: gcc (GCC) 8.4.1 20200928 (Red Hat 8.4.1-1)
Postgres version: 13.3
Thanks in advance!
It is a bold step to write a postgres plugin before you have a solid grasp on linux/unix, shell programming and how to compile c programs.
Typically your c compiler has to be told where to find header files using the -I compiler switch. So if postgres.h is in /path/containing/headerfile, you must add -I/path/containing/headerfile to the compile command:
cc -I/path/containing/headerfile -fPIC -c foo.c
The postgres documentation you linked to tells you to use pg_config --includedir-server to find out where the the header files are stored.
I am not familiar with pg_config, but if it acts like similar tools and
gives the output -I/path/containing/headerfile when calling it with the paramater --includedir-server, then you don't have to hardcode the path in your compile command. But just write:
cc `pg_config --includedir-server` -fPIC -c foo.c
See "Command Substitution" in your favorite shell documentation.
I also recommend learning how to use a build-tool like make. Things are soon going to be tedious if you have to retype compilation and link commands all the time.
Oh, and by the way, you probably want to write #include <postgres.h> and not #include "postgres.h" (Unless you are a postgres contributor and postgres.h is part of your project files)
I wrote a little Lua module in C, that generates a UUID leveraging libuuid. You can find the source at https://github.com/Mashape/lua-uuid
The library properly works on OSX and CentOS. I am currently having a problem on Ubuntu where although the library successfully compiles, executing it throws the following exception:
lua: error loading module 'lua_uuid' from file './lua_uuid.so':
./lua_uuid.so: undefined symbol: uuid_generate
stack traceback:
[C]: ?
[C]: in function 'require'
/test.lua:1: in main chunk
[C]: ?
It seems like the library can't find the libuuid dependency, although in the Makefile includes the -luuid flag (https://github.com/Mashape/lua-uuid/blob/master/Makefile#L4).
To replicate the problem, these are the dependencies required:
apt-get install lua5.1 luarocks unzip git make gcc uuid-dev
wget https://github.com/Mashape/lua-uuid/archive/0.1-7.zip -O /tmp/lua_uuid.zip
unzip /tmp/lua_uuid.zip -d /tmp
cd /tmp/lua-uuid-0.1-7/ && luarocks make lua_uuid-0.1-7.rockspec
Then you can run the following Lua script:
local uuid = require "lua_uuid"
local uuid_str = uuid()
print("New UUID: "..uuid_str)
I am not proficient with C and Makefiles, is there something obvious that I am missing?
Compiling this module using LuaRocks on Ubuntu results in the following compiler command lines:
gcc -c -O2 -fPIC -I/usr/include/lua5.1 lua_uuid.c -o lua_uuid.o
gcc -shared -luuid -o lua_uuid.so -L/usr/lib lua_uuid.o
The library libuuid is available as a static library, and it is listed before the object file that references its symbols. Since the GNU linker inspects libraries/object files from left to right, all symbolds in libuuid are deemed unnecessary and left out of the final build because they haven't been referenced yet. Moving -luuid to the end of the linker command line (to the right of lua_uuid.o) fixes the issue.
There are already some Stackoverflow answers that explain the particulars:
Why does the order in which libraries are linked sometimes cause errors in GCC?
Why does the order of '-l' option in gcc matter?
I need to perform the following steps:
write a simple counter that keeps resetting itself after overflow in C/C++
compile and push that code into the phone via ADB
run it as a regular executable in background via ADB shell
how to compile the above C code using NDK toolchain? I found a couple of similar links but none of them give simple and complete steps to do so.
If there is a link with complete steps please do refer me to the same.
Compile Environment: Ubuntu, compile should be done via console not any IDE
You're right, I made a mistake, I had not even tested it and gave me the
same error, is due to the entry point of the "main", as this has not
changed but I hope this works for you. Anyway check the symbol table "nm",
the real-time execution "strace", you can even use gdbserver.
#include <stdio.h>
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
printf ("hello world");
return 0;
}
export NDK_ROOT=your_ndk_path
export PATH=$NDK_ROOT/toolchains/arm-linux-androideabi-4.8/prebuilt/linux-x86/bin:$PATH
export CC=arm-linux-androideabi-gcc
export LD=arm-linux-androideabi-ld
arm-linux-androideabi-gcc -I$NDK_ROOT/platforms/android-18/arch-arm/usr/include -Wl,-rpath-link=$NDK_ROOT/platforms/android-18/arch-arm/usr/lib -Wl,-L$NDK_ROOT/platforms/android-18/arch-arm/usr/lib -Wl,-lc -o test test.c
If ld return with erros like "... ld: error: cannot open... : No such file or directory"
try this for your losed files:
ln -s $NDK_ROOT/platforms/android-18/arch-arm/usr/lib/crtend_android.o
ln -s $NDK_ROOT/platforms/android-18/arch-arm/usr/lib/crtbegin_dynamic.o
I use gcc4.8 and android API-level18
usin this you can try:
First way using command line.
export NDK_ROOT=your_ndk_path
export PATH=$NDK_ROOT/toolchains/arm-linux-androideabi-4.8/prebuilt/linux-x86/bin:$PATH
export CC=arm-linux-androideabi-gcc
export LD=arm-linux-androideabi-ld
export CPPFLAGS=-I$NDK_ROOT/platforms/android-18/arch-arm/usr/include
export CFLAGS="-nostdlib" LDFLAGS="-Wl,-rpath-link=$NDK_ROOT/platforms/android-18/arch-arm/usr/lib/ -L$NDK_ROOT/platforms/android-18/arch-arm/usr/lib"
export LIBS="-lc"
arm-linux-androideabi-gcc -nostdlib -o test test.c
If run "file test" you should see this:
test: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, EABI5 version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, not stripped
Second way using autotools.
export PATH=$NDK_ROOT/toolchains/arm-linux-androideabi-4.8/prebuilt/linux-x86/bin:$PATH
./configure --host=arm-linux-androideabi CC=arm-linux-androideabi-gcc LD=arm-linux-androideabi-ld CPPFLAGS="-I$NDK_ROOT/platforms/android-18/arch-arm/usr/include" CFLAGS="-nostdlib" LDFLAGS="-Wl,-rpath-link=$NDK_ROOT/platforms/android-18/arch-arm/usr/lib/ -L$NDK_ROOT/platforms/android-18/arch-arm/usr/lib" LIBS="-lc"
make
http://embelinux.blogspot.com/2013/09/autotools1-hola-mundo-la-autotools.html
Third way using android developers ndk full feature.
Read Android.mk file syntax specification. This document describes the
syntax of Android.mk build file written to describe your C and C++ source
files to the Android NDK.
http://www.kandroid.org/ndk/docs/ANDROID-MK.html
gdbserver is to debug an application running on the Android device and can
control gdb from the PC using a TCP connection. gdb (The GNU Debugger)
need the debugging symbols.
When you compile an application the compiler puts all the symbols defined
in something called as symbol table, the problem was not link to rtbegin_dynamic.o,
crtend_android.o that if you specify -nostdlib option the program is created but no work (Table Simbol empty)
nm (list symbols from object files) eg: nm test
gcc is not a compiler, it is a driver that controls the execution
of other applications that are what make the job
for example try invoque the compiler using -### as unique option for see details
LDFLAGS: are the flags for the linker
CFLAGS: are the flags to the compiler (not links)
Anyway if you are new to the compilation, even in cross compiling strongly
recommend you use the Android.mk way
Sorry for my English ;)
#Android.mk
LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
#module name
LOCAL_MODULE := test
#src
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := test.c
#build executable
include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)
export PATH=path_to_ndk_root:$PATH
export NDK_PROJECT_PATH=.
ndk-build APP_BUILD_SCRIPT=Android.mk
I'm running Linux Mint 14 with qemu, qemu-user, and the gnueabi toolchain installed. I compiled test.c with arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc test.c -o test.
When I try and run qemu-arm /usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/lib/ld-linux.so.3 test
I get an error saying: test: error while loading shared libraries: test: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory. Running qemu-arm test, as I've previously tried, gives /lib/ld-linux.so.3: No such file or directory
However, the file does exist and is reachable.
$ stat /usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/lib/ld-linux.so.3
File: `/usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/lib/ld-linux.so.3' -> `ld-2.15.so'
Size: 10 Blocks: 0 IO Block: 4096 symbolic link
Device: 801h/2049d Inode: 4083308 Links: 1
Access: (0777/lrwxrwxrwx) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root)
Access: 2013-04-22 16:19:48.090613901 -0700
Modify: 2012-09-21 08:31:29.000000000 -0700
Change: 2013-04-22 15:58:41.042542851 -0700
Birth: -
Does anyone know how I can make qemu run an arm program without having to emulate an entire arm Linux kernel?
test.c is
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
printf("this had better work\n");
}
and file test is
test: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.31, BuildID[sha1]=0xf2e49db65394b77c77ee5b65b83c0cc9220cbfc0, not stripped
you can run the example by providing a path to the arm-linux-gnueabi shared libs using the -L flag.
qemu-arm -L /usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/
also make sure the LD_LIBRARY_PATH is not set.
unset LD_LIBRARY_PATH
$ export QEMU_LD_PREFIX=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabi
This works for me.
It's basically the same thing as:
$ qemu-arm -L /usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/
You can add it to the ~/.bashrc file so you don't have to type it everytime you open the terminal.
I also met this problem when running a C program with assembly code. My solution is to build the executable with the option "-static", for instance
arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc -static -g main.c square.s
Then
qemu-arm a.out
will not report the error saying "can not find the /lib/ld-linux.so.3".
The only drawback is that the executable could be with a large size. But it's helpful when you just want to test your code.
Of course, you can go with the method from Balau(see artless noise's answer). But if you don't want to feel frustrated by something like "UART serial ports" in this step, which is only to run a simple "test" function, go for a try of my fix.
I solved the problem by copying the following libraries into /lib but I believe there should be a way better solution rather than this nasty solution I invented!
sudo cp /usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/lib/ld-linux.so.3 /lib
sudo cp /usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/lib/libgcc_s.so.1 /lib
sudo cp /usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/lib/libc.so.6 /lib
Please let me know if there are other better solutions as I am interested to know.
If you want to run ARM without Linux, then you need a different compiler (at least). arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc is a compiler for Linux. The compiler and libc are intimately linked. You will need a newlib compiler with a portability layer for qemu.porting newlib
See: Balau and Google newlib+qemu. A newlib port is hosted at Github and seems to the same as the Balau blog.
Typically a non-Linux gcc is called arm-none-eabi-gcc. The prefix arm-none-eabi- is recognized by some configure scripts.
A variant, which worked for me, was to pass the loader library directly and to specify the required library paths using the loader parameter --library-path. For example:
$ TOOLCHAIN_ROOT=/usr/local/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-4.7-2013.03-20130313_linux/arm-linux-gnueabihf
$ qemu-arm $TOOLCHAIN_ROOT/libc/lib/ld-linux-armhf.so.3 --library-path $TOOLCHAIN_ROOT/libc/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf:/$TOOLCHAIN_ROOT/lib ./my_executable
Or equivalently export LD_LIBRARY_PATH instead of using --library-path.
I'm attempting to use a C library for an opencourseware course from Harvard. The instructor's instructions for setting up the external lib can be found here.
I am following the instructions specific to ubuntu as I am trying to use this lib on my ubuntu box. I followed the instructions on the page to set it up, but when I run a simple helloWorld.c program using a cs50 library function, gcc doesn't want to play along.
Example:
helloWorld.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <cs50.h>
int
main(void){
printf("What do you want to say to the world?\n");
string message = GetString();
printf("%s!\n\n", message);
}
$ gcc helloWorld.c
/tmp/ccYilBgA.o: In function `main':
helloWorld.c:(.text+0x16): undefined reference to `GetString'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
I followed the instructions to the letter as stated in the instructions, but they didn't work for me. I'm runing ubuntu 12.04. Please let me know if I can clarify further my problem.
First, as a beginner, you should always ask GCC to compile with all warnings and debugging information enabled, i.e. gcc -Wall -g. But at some time read How to invoke gcc. Use a good source code editor (such as GNU emacs or vim or gedit, etc...) to edit your C source code, but be able to compile your program on the command line (so don't always use a sophisticated IDE hiding important compilation details from you).
Then you are probably missing some Harvard specific library, some options like -L followed by a library directory, then -l glued to the library name. So you might need gcc -Wall -g -lcs50 (replace cs50 by the appropriate name) and you might need some -Lsome-dir
Notice that the order of program arguments to gcc is significant. As a general rule, if a depends upon b you should put a before b; more specifically I suggest
Start with the gcc program name; add the C standard level eg -std=c99 if wanted
Put compiler warning, debugging (or optimizing) options, eg -Wall -g (you may even want to add -Wextra to get even more warnings).
Put the preprocessor's defines and include directory e.g. -DONE=1 and -Imy-include-dir/
Put your C source file hello.c
Put any object files with which you are linking i.e. bar.o
Put the library directories -Lmy-lib-dir/ if relevant
Pur the library names -laa and -lbb (when the libaa.so depends upon libbb.so, in that order)
End with -o your-program-name to give the name of the produced binary. Don't use the default name a.out
Directory giving options -I (for preprocessor includes) and -L for libraries can be given several times, order is significant (search order).
Very quickly you'll want to use build automation tools like GNU make (perhaps with the help of remake on Linux)
Learn also to use the debugger gdb.
Get the habit to always ask for warnings from the compiler, and always improve your program till you get no warnings: the compiler is your friend, it is helping you!
Read also How to debug small programs and the famous SICP (which teaches very important concepts; you might want to use guile on Linux while reading it, see http://norvig.com/21-days.html for more). Be also aware of tools like valgrind
Have fun.
I take this course and sometimes I need to practice offline while I am traveling or commuting. Under Windows using MinGW and Notepad++ as an IDE (because I love it and use it usually while codding python) I finally found a solution and some time to write it down.
Starting from scratch. Steps for setting up gcc C compiler, if already set please skip to 5
Download Git and install. It includes Git Bash, which is MINGW64 linux terminal. I prefer to use Git as I need linux tools such as sed, awk, pull, push on my Windows and can replace Guthub's terminal.
Once Git installed make sure that gcc packages are installed. You can use my configuration for reference...
Make sure your compiler works. Throw it this simple code,
by saving it in your working directory Documents/Harvard_CS50/Week2/
hello.c
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
printf("Hello StackOverflow\n");
}
start Git Bash -> navigate to working directory
cd Documents/Harvard_CS50/Week2/
compile it in bash terminal
gcc helloworld.c -o helloworld.exe
execute it using bash terminal
./helloworld.exe
Hello StackOverflow
If you see Hello StackOverflow, your compiler works and you can write C code.
Now to the important bit, installing CS50 library locally and using it offline. This should be applicable for any other libraries introduced later in the course.
Download latest source code file cs50.c and header file cs50.h from https://github.com/cs50/libcs50/tree/develop/src and save them in Documents/Harvard_CS50/src
Navigate into src directory and list the files to make sure you are on the right location using
ls
cs50.c cs50.h
Cool, we are here. Now we need to compile object file for the library using
gcc -c -ggdb -std=c99 cs50.c -o cs50.o
Now using the generated cs50.o object file we can create our cs50 library archive file.
ar rcs libcs50.a cs50.o
After all this steps we ended with 2 additional files to our original files. We are interested in only 2 of them cs50.h libcs50.a
ls
cs50.c cs50.h cs50.o libcs50.a
Copy Library and header files to their target locations. My MinGW is installed in C:\ so I copy them there
cs50.h --> C:\MinGW\include
libcs50.a --> C:\MinGW\lib
Testing the cs50 Library
To make sure our library works, we can throw one of the example scripts in the lecture and see if we can compile it using cs50.h header file for the get_string() method.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <cs50.h>
int main(void)
{
printf("Please input a string to count how long it is: ");
string s = get_string();
int n = 0;
while (s[n] != '\0')
{
n++;
}
printf("Your string is %i chars long\n", n);
}
Compile cs50 code using gcc and cs50 library. I want to be explicit and use:
gcc -ggdb -std=c99 -Wall -Werror test.c -lcs50 -o test.exe
But you can simply point the source, output filename and cs50 library
gcc test.c -o test.exe -lcs50
Here we go, program is compiled using header and methods can be used within.
If you want Notepad++ as an IDE you can follow this tip to set it up with gcc as a compiler and run your code from there.
Just make sure your nppexec script includes the cs50 library
npp_save
gcc -ggdb -std=c99 -Wall -Werror "$(FULL_CURRENT_PATH)" -lcs50 -o "$(CURRENT_DIRECTORY)\$(NAME_PART).exe"
cmd /c "$(CURRENT_DIRECTORY)\$(NAME_PART).exe"
Download the cs50 from: http://mirror.cs50.net/library50/c/library50-c-5.zip
Extract it. (You will get two files cs50.c and cs50.h)
Now copy both the files to your default library folder. (which includes your stdio.h file)
Now while writing your program use: #include < cs50.c >
You can also copy the files to the folder containing your helloWorld.c file.
You have to use: #include " cs50.c ".
OR =====================================================================>
Open cs50.c and cs50.h files in text editor.
In cs50.h, just below #include < stdlib.h > add #include < stdio.h > and #include < string.h > both on new line.
Now open cs50.c file, copy everything (from: /**Reads a line of text from standard input and returns the equivalent {from line 47 to last}) and paste it in cs50.h just above the #endif and save the files.
Now you can copy the file cs50.h to either your default library folder or to your current working folder.
If you copied the file to default folder then use: #include < cs50.h > and if you copied the files to current working folder then use: #include " cs50.h ".
You need to link against the library during compilation. The library should end in .a or .so if you are on Ubuntu. To link against a library:
gcc -o myProgram myProgram.c -l(library name goes here but no parentheses)
You have to link against the library, how come GCC would know what library you want to use?
gcc helloWorld.c -lcs50
Research Sources:
building on the answers above given by Basile Starynkevitch, and Gunay Anach
combined with instructions from some videos on youtube 1 2
Approach:
covering the minimum things to do, and sharing the "norms" separately
avoiding any modification to anywhere else on the system
including the basic breakdown of the commands used
not including all the fine details, covering only the requirements absolute to task or for effective communication of instructions. leaving the other mundane details to the reader
assuming that the other stuff like compiler, environment variable etc is already setup, and familiarity with shell's file navigation commands is there
My Environment:
compiler: gcc via msys2
shell: bash via msys2
IDE: doesnt matter here
Plan:
getting the source files
building the required files: *.o (object) and *.a (archive)
telling the compiler to use it
Action:
Let's say, current directory = "desktop/cs50"
It contains all the *.c files like test-file.c which I will be creating for assignments/problem sets/practise etc.
Get the *.h and *.c files
Source in this particular case: https://github.com/cs50/libcs50/tree/main/src
Go over each file individually
Copy all the content of it
Say using "Copy raw contents" icon of individual files
Create the corresponding file locally in the computer
Do it in a a separate folder just to keep things clean, let's say in "desktop/cs50/src" aka ./src
Build the required files using in the terminal after changing your current directory to "desktop/cs50/src" :
gcc -c cs50.c to create the "cs50.o" object file from "cs50.c" using "gcc"
ar cr libcs50.a cs50.o to create "libcs50.a" archive file which'll be containing "cs50.o" object file
Here, "libcs50" = "lib" prefix + "cs50" name (same as the header file's name)
This is the norm/standard way where the prefix "lib" is significant as well for a later step
However, prefix can be skipped, and it's not compulsory for name to match the header file's name either. Though, Skipping prefix is not recommended. And I can't say for sure about the name part
To tell the compiler to be able to use this infrastructure, the commands will be in following syntax after going to the parent directory (i.e. to "desktop/cs50"):
gcc test-file.c -Isrc -Lsrc -lcs50 if you used "lib" prefix in step 2.2 above
here, -I flag is for specifying the directory of *.h header file included in your test_file.c
and -L flag is for specifying the directory to be used for -l
and -l is for the name of the *.a file. Here the "lib" prefix talked about earlier, and ".a" extension is not mentioned
the order of these flags matter, keep the -I -L -l flags after the "test-file.c"
Some more notees:
don't forget to use the additional common flags (like those suggested above for errors etc)
if you skipped the "lib" prefix, then you can't use -L -l flags
so, syntax for command will become: gcc test-file.c -Isrc src/libcs50.a
say i created my test-file.c file in "desktop/cs50/psets", so, it can be handled in 2 notable ways (current dir = "desktop/cs50/") :
cd psets then changing the relative address correspondingly in -I -L, so result:
gcc test-file.c -I../src -L../src -lcs50
keeping current directory same, but then changing the file's relative address correspondingly, so result:
gcc psests/test-file.c -Isrc -Lsrc -lcs50
or use absolute addresses 😜
as it can be seen that this becomes quite long, that's when build automation tools such as make kick in (though i am accomplishing that using a shell script 😜)