I have a piece of code to create function to print a message from input parameter.
I've been compiling the code with c9.io and works pretty well without warnings but when i do it locally it shows a warning like this:
child2bok: c39:11: warning: Ignoring return value of 'write', declares with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused -result]
And this is the code.Sure it is a problem with write() definition but i'm so novice with unix programming and no idea to solve it. It executes well but i'd like to remove the warning before i deliver to the teacher.
Here you are the code:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include "rutines.h"
void children();
void show_help();
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int ord;
if (argc > 1)
ord = atoi(argv[1]);
if (argc == 1)
{
show_help("Error");
exit(1);
}
children(ord);
}
void children(int ord)
{
char msg[10];
srand(getpid());
sleep(rand() % 5);
sprintf(msg, " %d", ord);
while (strlen(msg) > 0)
{
int written= write(1, msg, strlen(msg));
if (written < 0)
break;
exit(0);
}
void show_help(char *err_message)
{
write_string(err_message,"");
write_string("Usage: child2aok \n","");
}
You should check and handle the value returned by the write() command. From the write documentation:
write [...] may return less than count even under valid conditions.
Why don't you simply use printf(" %d", ord); instead of sprintf(msg, " %d", ord); write(1, msg, strlen(msg))?
write does not guarantee to write all the data; it may write as little as one byte (or block, or return an error, ...). So you have to use it in a loop:
bool write_all(int fd, void * buf, size_t len)
{
size_t remaining = len;
for (size_t n; (n = write(fd, buf, remaining)) > 0; remaining -= n)
{ }
return remaining == 0;
}
This function returns true if all bytes were written, and false on error.
Related
The code below returns EFAULT (errno == 14). I would appreciate help figuring out why.
I've also tried to implement the code using select() but still got the same error code.
I've got very similar code running on Python with no issues.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
int read_fail1(int fd)
{
int n;
char buf[500];
for (;;)
{
buf[strlen(buf)-1] = 0;
n = read(fd, buf, strlen(buf)-1);
if (n == -1)
{
if (errno == EFAULT)
{
fprintf(stderr, "EFAULT");
return 42;
}
}
else if (n > 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s", buf);
}
}
}
int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
const char *myfifo = "pipeMUD";
mkfifo(myfifo, 0666);
int fd = open(myfifo, O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK);
if (fd <= 0)
return 42;
read_fail1(fd);
return 0;
}
POST ANSWER EDIT:
As mentioned in the post linked below, if an invalid address is passed to the kernel, it throws the EFAULT. I guess that on Linux, based on the above code, passing a 0 length count parameter to read() will also cause EFAULT to be retured.
unix socket error 14: EFAULT (bad address)
This line:
buf[strlen(buf)-1] = 0;
buf if a local variable, and thus is not initialized in C.
strlen looks for '\0' (null character) value, and thus will give unpredictable result on uninitialized array.
But, as long as you declare buf statically as you do, you can use sizeof instead.
Though it would be a better practice to use a macro instead:
#define READ_BUFFER_SIZE 500
char buf[READ_BUFFER_SIZE];
n = read(fd, buf, READ_BUFFER_SIZE - 1);
Programming Language C
below is the code that uses multiple threads to print out a file. There are no errors, however the code doesn't work correctly. However, when compiled it shows this warning 5 times:
'cast from pointer to integer of different size'
I've tried everything I can think of to resolve this issue, but haven't been success and now are just shooting in the dark. Does anyone see where my mistake is? Any help is greatly appreciated and will gladly provide any other information upon request.
Thanks.
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#define NUM_THREAD 4
struct fileParams {
int fd;
int size;
};
void *printFile(void *stuff)
{
struct fileParams *params = stuff;
int addr;
addr=(unsigned char *)mmap(NULL, (int) ¶ms->size, PROT_READ,
MAP_PRIVATE,(int) ¶ms->fd,0);
write(STDOUT_FILENO, addr, (int)¶ms->size);
}
int main (int argc, char * argv[])
{
pthread_t threads[NUM_THREAD];
unsigned char *addr;
int fd,rc;
struct stat sb;
int numCPU=sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN);
struct fileParams params;
printf("Number of aviable cores: %d\n",numCPU);
printf("Using 4 processors\n");
if (argc != 2 || strcmp(argv[1], "—help") == 0)
printf("Usage: %s file\n", argv[0]);
fd=open(argv[1],O_RDONLY);
if (fd == -1)
{
printf("File open fdailed.\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (fstat(fd, &sb) == -1)
{
printf ("fstat error\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
params.fd=fd;
params.size=sb.st_size/4;
for (int n = 0; n<4; n++)
rc=pthread_create(&threads[n],NULL,printFile,¶ms);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
You need provide inputs to functions that match the function - passing pointers where integers are wanted (or the other way around) will generate warnings or errors depending on compile options.
mmap takes an size_t as the 2nd parameter, but you are giving it a cast int to a pointer (¶ms->size), the same with mmaps 5th parameter.
Get rid of the '&' so it is just a int.
mmap also returns a void *, which you are then assigning to addr (an int).
Change int to a void * pointer type which should also fix the 5th warning.
So I want to make a file named genData.c that when executed for example: ./genData filename.txt will write 1 character to that file 1000 times.
In essence creating a 1kb file.
I would like to be able to modify the for loop, say 100000 times, to generate a 1MB file and so on.
Here is what I have tried and it compiles but when executed causes a segmentation fault.
Any suggestions? Sorry C is a language I've never dabbled in.
#include <stdio.h>
int main (int argc, char *argv) {
char ch = 'A';
FILE *fp;
fp = fopen(argv[1], "wb");
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
fwrite(&ch, sizeof(char), 1, fp);
}
fclose(fp);
return 0;
}
If you compile with warnings, you get a hint as to the exact problem:
test.c:3:5: warning: second argument of ‘main’ should be ‘char **’ [-Wmain]
int main (int argc, char *argv) {
^
All your troubles start downstream of this error. Fix this argument, and your code will work.
In the future, get into the habit of compiling with warnings turned on:
$ gcc -Wall foo.c
...
This will help catch typos and other oddities that will cause problems.
Since you tagged it Linux, this is how you can do it with the system-level functions (this should be a correct, most efficient way to do it):
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sysexits.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <string.h>
ssize_t /* Write "n" bytes to a descriptor */
writen(int fd, const void *ptr, size_t n);
int
main (int argc, char** argv) {
char buf[1000];
memset(buf, 'A', sizeof(buf));
int fd;
if((fd = open(argv[1], O_WRONLY|O_CREAT, 0666))<0){
perror(argv[1]);
exit(EX_NOPERM);
}
ssize_t left = writen(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
if(left)
perror("write error\n");
return !!left;
}
ssize_t /* Write "n" bytes to a descriptor */
writen(int fd, const void *ptr, size_t n) {
size_t nleft;
ssize_t nwritten;
nleft = n;
while (nleft > 0) {
if ((nwritten = write(fd, ptr, nleft)) < 0) {
if (nleft == n)
return(-1); /* error, return -1 */
else
break; /* error, return amount written so far */
} else if (nwritten == 0) {
break;
}
nleft -= nwritten;
ptr += nwritten;
}
return(n - nleft); /* return >= 0 */
}
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define SIZE_OF_FILE 1024
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
FILE *fdest;
char ch = '\n';
if(argc != 2)
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
fdest = fopen(argv[1], "wb");
if (fdest == NULL)
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
fseek(fdest, SIZE_OF_FILE - 1, SEEK_CUR);
fwrite(&ch, sizeof(char), 1, fdest);
fclose(fdest);
return 0;
}
In essence creating a 1kb file
if the only purpose is creating a file with sizeof x, it is more simple i belive.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <errno.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int fd, offset;
char *data;
struct stat sbuf;
int counter;
if (argc != 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "usage: mmapdemo offset\n");
exit(1);
}
if ((fd = open("mmapdemo.c", O_RDONLY)) == -1) {
perror("open");
exit(1);
}
if (stat("mmapdemo.c", &sbuf) == -1) {
perror("stat");
exit(1);
}
offset = atoi(argv[1]);
if (offset < 0 || offset > sbuf.st_size-1) {
fprintf(stderr, "mmapdemo: offset must be in the range 0-%ld\n",sbuf.st_size-1);
exit(1);
}
data = mmap((caddr_t)0, sbuf.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
if (data == (caddr_t)(-1)) {
perror("mmap");
exit(1);
}
// print the while file byte by byte
while(counter<=sbuf.st_size)
printf("%c", data++);
return 0;
}
This gives me error as follows:
gcc mmapdemo.c -o mmapdemo
mmapdemo.c: In function 'main':
mmapdemo.c:48: warning: format '%c' expects type 'int', but argument 2 has type 'char *'
Please help me to solve the problem.
printf("%c", *data++);
data is a char *. The %c format specifier tells printf to expect a char. To get a char from a char *, you need to dereference the pointer using the * operator.
That said, your program still won't work properly because you're not incrementing counter in your print loop, nor have you initialized it. I would go with:
for (size_t i = 0; i < sbuf.st_size; ++i) {
printf("%c", data[i]);
}
instead. I haven't inspected the rest of your program, but given that there were three serious errors in three lines that I looked at, I doubt that the rest is bug-free.
to print it out byte by byte, need to use
printf("%c ", *data++)
or to print out the hex values:
printf("%02X", *data++);
need some advice on this one as im struggling abit and cannot figure it out.
i have a file that gets updated on a PC to indicate a system ran and what time it ran. i am writing a very simple linux console app (will eventually be a nagios plugin). that reads this file and responds depending on what it found within the file.
i am a total newbie to programming on Linux and using C so please be patient and if you would explain any answers it would really be appreciated.
basically i want to convert a char array containing 5 characters into an integer, however the 5th char in the array is always a letter. so technically all i want to-do is convert the first 4 chars in the array to a integer... how?? ive tried multiple ways with no success, my problem is that presently i do not have a good grasp of the language so have no real ideas on what it can and cannot do.
here is the source to my program.
basically the buf array will be holding a string taken from the file that will look something like this
3455Y (the number will be random but always 4 chars long).
Sorry for the poor formatting of the code, but i cannot get this stupid window for love nor money to format it correctly....
include <fcntl.h>
include <unistd.h>
include <stdio.h>
include <stdlib.h>
include <time.h>
include <string.h>
define COPYMODE 0644
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int i, nRead, fd;
int source;
int STATE_OK = 0;
int STATE_WARNING = 1;
int STATE_CRITICAL = 2;
int STATE_UNKNOWN = 3;
int system_paused = 0;
char buf[5];
int testnumber;
if((fd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY)) == -1)
{
printf("failed open : %s", argv[1]);
return STATE_UNKNOWN;
}
else
{
nRead = read(fd, buf, 5);
}
close(source);
if (buf[4] == 'P')
{
printf("Software Paused");
return STATE_WARNING;
}
else
{
return STATE_OK;
}
time_t ltime; /* calendar time */
struct tm *Tm;
ltime=time(NULL); /* get current cal time */
Tm=localtime(<ime);
int test;
test = Tm->tm_hour + Tm->tm_min;
printf("%d", test);
printf("%d", strtoi(buf));
}
You can use sscanf to do the job:
int num = 0;
sscanf(buf, "%4d", &num);
Then num should hold the number from the line in the file.
You can use atoi
atoi requires one char * argument and returns an int.
If the string is empty, or first character isn't a number or a minus sign, then atoi returns 0.If atoi encounters a non-number character, it returns the number formed up until that point
int num = atoi(buf);
if you want to convert the first four characters of a string to an integer do this:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdint.h>
uint8_t convertFirstFourChars(char * str, uint32_t *value){
char tmp[5] = {0};
strncpy((char *) tmp, str, 4);
*value = strtoul(tmp);
return errno;
}
then call / test this function like this
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char **argv){
char test1[5] = "1234A";
char test2[5] = "ABCDE";
uint32_t val = 0;
if(convertFirstFourChars((char *) test1, &val) == 0){
printf("conversion of %s succeeded, value = %ld\n", test1, val);
}
else{
printf("conversion of %s failed!\n", test1);
}
if(convertFirstFourChars((char *) test2, &val) == 0){
printf("conversion succeeded of %s, value = %ld\n", test2, val);
}
else{
printf("conversion of %s failed!\n", test2);
}
return 0;
}
FWIW, don't use atoi(...) because it converts any string to an integer regardless of its validity as a number. atoi("foo") === 0.
this is as much of your code as I was able to recover from the formatting:
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
#define COPYMODE 0644
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int i, nRead, fd;
int source;
int STATE_OK = 0;
int STATE_WARNING = 1;
int STATE_CRITICAL = 2;
int STATE_UNKNOWN = 3;
int system_paused = 0;
char buf[5];
int testnumber;
if((fd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY)) == -1)
{
printf("failed open : %s", argv[1]);
return STATE_UNKNOWN;
}
else
{
nRead = read(fd, buf, 5);
}
close(source);
if (buf[4] == 'P')
{
printf("Software Paused");
return STATE_WARNING;
} else {
return STATE_OK;
}
time_t ltime; /* calendar time /
struct tm Tm;
ltime=time(NULL); / get current cal time */
Tm=localtime(<ime);
int test;
test = Tm->tm_hour + Tm->tm_min;
printf("%d", test);
printf("%d", strtoi(buf));
}
this is the version that does what you specified:
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
#define COPYMODE 0644
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int i, nRead, fd;
int source;
int STATE_OK = 0;
int STATE_WARNING = 1;
int STATE_CRITICAL = 2;
int STATE_UNKNOWN = 3;
int system_paused = 0;
char buf[5];
int testnumber;
if((fd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY)) == -1)
{
printf("failed open : %s", argv[1]);
return STATE_UNKNOWN;
}
else
{
nRead = read(fd, buf, 5);
}
close(source);
if (buf[4] == 'P')
{
printf("Software Paused");
return STATE_WARNING;
}/* else {
return STATE_OK;
buf[4] = 0;
} */
time_t ltime; /* calendar time */
struct tm *Tm;
ltime=time(NULL); /* get current cal time */
Tm=localtime(<ime);
int test;
test = Tm->tm_hour + Tm->tm_min;
printf("%d\n", test);
printf("%d\n", atoi(buf));
}
The biggest problem with your code was the if statement with the returns in each branch, insuring that nothing after the if statement was ever executed.