I've been creating an angularjs framework for an application I'm planning to write. At the moment I'm working on a sample application, I'm documenting as I go in a tutorial so that I have everything I did in one place.
I'm currently trying to create unit tests using karma and jasmine for the modal dialog I'm presenting. This modal dialog is created using the $dialog service from angular-bootstrap. This dialog I think is using a promise to pass data into the dialog controller, and I'd like to resolve that promise so I can check in my unit test that the data that has been passed in is as expected. I'm having a little difficulty in working out how to resolve that, I see examples using either scope.$apply or scope.$digest, neither appear to work and to be frank I don't quite understand what it's doing. I'm concerned that in the unit test I have assigned this promise to a variable, and perhaps that it won't resolve once assigned to a variable. I see mention that this "resolve" parameter is similar to the resolve on a route, but so far that hasn't helped me, and I'm not 100% sure that it's really a promise at all.
I'm looking both for something that makes it work, but also an explanation of why that works.
The controller I'm seeking to test looks like this:
.controller( 'ClubCtrl', function ClubController( $scope, ClubRes, $dialog ) {
$scope.clubs = ClubRes.query();
/* this is called from a button, which passes one of the clubs from $scope.clubs */
$scope.editClub = function(club) {
$scope.myDialog = $dialog.dialog({dialogFade: false, resolve: {club: function(){return angular.copy(club);}}});
$scope.myDialog.open('club/club_edit.tpl.html', 'ClubEditCtrl').then(function(result){
if (result === 'cancel'){}
else {
$scope.clubs = ClubRes.query();
}
});
};
})
The unit test I'm trying to get working at this point is aiming to mock out the whole dialog, and to check that the dialog has been called with the correct input parameters:
describe( 'Base club controller', function() {
var scope, httpBackend;
//mock Application to allow us to inject our own dependencies
beforeEach(angular.mock.module('league'));
//mock the controller for the same reason and include $rootScope and $controller
beforeEach(angular.mock.inject(function($rootScope, $controller, _$httpBackend_ ){
//create an empty scope
scope = $rootScope.$new();
// setup a mock for the resource - instead of calling the server always return a pre-canned response
httpBackend = _$httpBackend_;
httpBackend.when('GET', '../clubs.json').respond([
{"contact_officer":"Officer 1","created_at":"2012-02-02T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","id":1,"name":"Club 1","updated_at":"2012-03-03T00:00:00Z"},
{"contact_officer":"Officer 2","created_at":"2012-02-02T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","id":2,"name":"Club 2","updated_at":"2012-03-03T00:00:00Z"}]);
// setup a mock for the dialog - when called it returns the value that was input when it was instantiated
scope.fakeDialog = {
parameters: null,
response: null,
template: null,
controller: null,
dialog: function(parameters) {
this.parameters = parameters;
return this;
},
open: function(template, controller) {
this.template = template;
this.controller = controller;
return this;
},
then: function(callBack){
callBack(this.response);
}
};
//declare the controller and inject our empty scope
$controller('ClubCtrl', {$scope: scope, $dialog: scope.fakeDialog});
}));
it('Calls edit on first row', function() {
// check nothing set beforehand
expect(scope.fakeDialog.parameters).toBe(null);
expect(scope.fakeDialog.template).toBe(null);
expect(scope.fakeDialog.controller).toBe(null);
// call edit
scope.editClub(scope.clubs[0]);
scope.$digest();
httpBackend.flush();
// expect stuff to have happened
expect(scope.fakeDialog.parameters.club.name).toBe('Club 1');
expect(scope.fakeDialog.template).toBe('club/club_edit.tpl.html');
expect(scope.fakeDialog.controller).toBe('ClubEditCtrl');
});
});
What I'm actually getting in console.log(scope.fakeDialog.parameters) is:
Object{dialogFade: false, resolve: Object{club: function (){ ... }}}
So my club is buried inside "resolve: Object......", which I think is a promise. I think what I need is a way to trigger that to resolve - but I'm not sure what that is.
OK, no responses as yet, and I've had the time tonight to piece through it slowly.
The short answer is that the resolve parameter to a dialog isn't necessarily a promise (although I think it can be sometimes if you wish it to be). Since I haven't passed in a promise I can directly evaluate these functions to work out their results, although I thought I'd tried that before and it didn't work.
I've also spent some time looking at spyOn, and I can use that for some of the things I had my mock doing, so I'm tidying that up at the same time.
My working code is as follows. Firstly, the controller that's being tested:
.controller( 'ClubCtrl', function ClubController( $scope, ClubRes, $dialog ) {
$scope.clubs = ClubRes.query();
/* this is called from a button, which passes one of the clubs from $scope.clubs */
$scope.editClub = function(club) {
$scope.myDialog = $dialog.dialog({dialogFade: false, resolve: {club: function(){return angular.copy(club);}}});
$scope.myDialog.open('club/club_edit.tpl.html', 'ClubEditCtrl').then(function(result){
if (result === 'cancel'){}
else {
$scope.clubs = ClubRes.query();
}
});
};
})
Then, the test code that tests that:
describe( 'Base club controller', function() {
var scope, httpBackend;
//mock Application to allow us to inject our own dependencies
beforeEach(angular.mock.module('league'));
//mock the controller for the same reason and include $rootScope and $controller
beforeEach(angular.mock.inject(function($rootScope, $controller, _$httpBackend_ ){
//create an empty scope
scope = $rootScope.$new();
// setup a mock for the resource - instead of calling the server always return a pre-canned response
httpBackend = _$httpBackend_;
httpBackend.when('GET', '../clubs.json').respond([
{"contact_officer":"Officer 1","created_at":"2012-02-02T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","id":1,"name":"Club 1","updated_at":"2012-03-03T00:00:00Z"},
{"contact_officer":"Officer 2","created_at":"2012-02-02T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","id":2,"name":"Club 2","updated_at":"2012-03-03T00:00:00Z"}]);
// setup a mock for the dialog - when called it returns the value that was input when it was instantiated
scope.fakeDialog = {
response: null,
club: null,
dialog: function(parameters) {
this.club = parameters.resolve.club();
return this;
},
open: function(template, controller) {
return this;
},
then: function(callBack){
callBack(this.response);
}
};
//declare the controller and inject our empty scope
$controller('ClubCtrl', {$scope: scope, $dialog: scope.fakeDialog});
}));
it('Calls edit on first row', function() {
// we expect the fakeDialog dialog and open methods to be called, so we spy on them to get the parameters
spyOn(scope.fakeDialog, "dialog").andCallThrough();
spyOn(scope.fakeDialog, "open").andCallThrough();
// call edit
scope.editClub(scope.clubs[0]);
scope.$digest();
httpBackend.flush();
// check parameters passed in
expect(scope.fakeDialog.dialog).toHaveBeenCalledWith({dialogFade: false, resolve: {club: jasmine.any(Function)}});
expect(scope.fakeDialog.club.contact_officer).toEqual('Contact Officer 1');
expect(scope.fakeDialog.open).toHaveBeenCalledWith('club/club_edit.tpl.html', 'ClubEditCtrl');
});
});
This seems to call the function and give the response into the club property on the fakeDialog object.
Related
I have a controller that calls a Service which is a wrapper for a Resource. Like this:
app.factory("Service", ["$resource", function ($resource) {
return $resource("/api/Service/get");
}]);
Return value of the service's method is assigned to a variable within the controller. Normally, the variable is of type Resource and it contains a promise. When the promise is resolved, the variable is populated with all values returned from the backend.
I track then on the promise in order to modify the model received from the backend. Like so:
this.model = Service.get();
this.model.$promise.then(function(data) {
// do something with data
});
I need to test the value of the resulting model variable in my controller.
The only way I found to do this, is to use $httpBackend with a real implementation of my Service. However, this is ugly because then, testing my controller, I have to pass request path "api/Service/get" to the httpBackend.when() in order for it to respond with some value.
An excerpt form my test:
// call Controller
$httpBackend.when('GET', '/api/Service/get').respond(someData);
$httpBackend.flush();
expect(scope.model.property).toBe(null);
This seems and feels utterly wrong. The whole point of using a separate service to deal with resource is for the controller to not know anything about the url and http method name. So what should I do?
In other words, what I want to test is that then gets called and does what I need it to do.
I guess I could probably create a separate service that gets called in then and do what I need to do with the model but it feels a bit overkill if all I want to do is, for example, set one field to null depending on a simple condition.
You are correct, you shouldn't have to use $httpBackend unless you are using $http in the controller you are testing.
As you wrote, the controller shouldn't need to know anything about the implementation of Service. What the controller knows is that Service has a get method that returns an object with a $promise property that is a promise.
What you want to do is to use a fake implementation of Service in your test. There are multiple ways to do this via mocks, spies, stubs etc, depending on your use case and which testing framework(s) you are using.
One way is to create a fake implementation like this:
var Service = {
get: function() {
deferred = $q.defer();
return {
$promise: deferred.promise
};
}
};
You want to be able to access deferred from the tests, so you can either resolve or reject the promise based on what you want to test.
Full setup:
var $rootScope,
scope,
createController,
$q,
deferred;
var Service = {
get: function() {
deferred = $q.defer();
return {
$promise: deferred.promise
};
}
};
beforeEach(function() {
module('App');
inject(function(_$rootScope_, $controller, _$q_) {
$rootScope = _$rootScope_;
scope = $rootScope.$new();
createController = function() {
$controller('MyController', {
$scope: scope,
Service: Service
});
};
$q = _$q_;
});
});
Controller implementation:
app.controller('MyController', function($scope, Service) {
$scope.property = false;
$scope.model = Service.get();
$scope.model.$promise.then(function(data) {
if (data) {
$scope.property = true;
}
});
});
You can then spy on the fake implementation to assert that it is called correctly.
Example with Jasmine:
spyOn(Service, 'get').and.callThrough();
You need and.callThrough() or the call will be interrupted and your fake implementation will not be used.
You now have full control by manually creating the controller, resolving the promise and triggering the digest loop and can test the different states:
it('Should work', function() {
spyOn(Service, 'get').and.callThrough();
expect(Service.get).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
createController();
expect(Service.get).toHaveBeenCalled();
expect(scope.property).toBeFalsy();
deferred.resolve('some data');
$rootScope.$digest();
expect(scope.property).toBeTruthy();
});
Demo: http://plnkr.co/edit/th2pLWdVa8AZWOyecWOF?p=preview
Hello stackoverflow community.
I am working on an Angular project (1.5.6), using a component structure and currently writing some unit tests. I am still learning a lot about unit tests – especially in relation with Angular – and was hoping I can ask you for help for the following issue:
I try to test a component, that receives a callback method from it's parent component. I am trying to mock the method foo (see below the code example). And unfortunately does this method call the parent controller.
So when I try to test it, it complains, that the method is undefined. Then I thought I could mock it with spyOn, but then I get the error Error: <spyOn> : foobar() method does not exist
So I think I am unable to mock that method.
Module:
angular.module("myApp")
.component("sample", {
"templateUrl": "components/sample/sample.html",
"controller": "SampleController",
"controllerAs": "sampleCtrl",
"bindings": {
"config": "<",
"foobar": "&"
}
})
.controller("SampleController",
["$scope",
function($scope) {
this.isActive = true;
this.foo = function() {
// do stuff
this.isActive = false;
// also do
this.foobar();
};
}
);
Unit Test
describe("Component: SampleComponent", function() {
beforeEach(module("myApp"));
var sampleComponent, scope, $httpBackend;
beforeEach(inject(function($componentController, $rootScope, _$httpBackend_) {
scope = $rootScope.$new();
sampleComponent = $componentController("sample", {
"$scope": scope
});
$httpBackend = _$httpBackend_;
}));
it("should do set isActive to false on 'foo' and call method...", function() {
spyOn(sampleComponent, "foobar")
expect(sampleComponent.isActive).toBe(true);
expect(sampleComponent).toBe("");
expect(sampleComponent.foobar).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
sampleComponent.foo();
expect(sampleComponent.foobar).toHaveBeenCalled();
expect(sampleComponent.foobar.calls.count()).toBe(1);
expect(sampleComponent.isActive).toBe(false);
});
});
I hope I didn't add any bugs to this, but this above is approximately what I am trying to do. Any suggestions are welcome and if the approach is wrong or more information needed, please let me know!
After the help from #estus (see comments in question) - I learned that I can use createSpy to resolve this issue.
it("should do set isActive to false on 'foo' and call method...", function() {
sampleComponent.foobar = jasmine.createSpy();
expect(sampleComponent.isActive).toBe(true);
expect(sampleComponent).toBe("");
expect(sampleComponent.foobar).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
sampleComponent.foo();
expect(sampleComponent.foobar).toHaveBeenCalled();
expect(sampleComponent.foobar.calls.count()).toBe(1);
expect(sampleComponent.isActive).toBe(false);
});
Some additional sources I used were:
http://angular-tips.com/blog/2014/03/introduction-to-unit-test-spies/
How does the createSpy work in Angular + Jasmine?
I want to test that the following function is in fact called upon the initialization of this controller using jasmine. It seems like using a spy is the way to go, It just isn't working as I'd expect when I put the expectation for it to have been called in an 'it' block. I'm wondering if there is a special way to check if something was called when it wasn't called within a scope function, but just in the controller itself.
App.controller('aCtrl', [ '$scope', function($scope){
$scope.loadResponses = function(){
//do something
}
$scope.loadResponses();
}]);
//spec file
describe('test spec', function(){
beforeEach(
//rootscope assigned to scope, scope injected into controller, controller instantiation.. the expected stuff
spyOn(scope, 'loadResponses');
);
it('should ensure that scope.loadResponses was called upon instantiation of the controller', function(){
expect(scope.loadResponses).toHaveBeenCalled();
});
});
You need to initialise the controller yourself with the scope you've created. The problem is, that you need to restructure your code. You can't spy on a non-existing function, but you need to spyOn before the function gets called.
$scope.loadResponses = function(){
//do something
}
// <-- You would need your spy attached here
$scope.loadResponses();
Since you cannot do that, you need to make the $scope.loadResponses() call elsewhere.
The code that would successfully spy on a scoped function is this:
var scope;
beforeEach(inject(function($controller, $rootScope) {
scope = $rootScope.$new();
$controller('aCtrl', {$scope: scope});
scope.$digest();
}));
it("should have been called", function() {
spyOn(scope, "loadResponses");
scope.doTheStuffThatMakedLoadResponsesCalled();
expect(scope.loadResponses).toHaveBeenCalled();
});
Setting the spy before controller instantiation (in the beforeEach) is the way to test controller functions that execute upon instantiation.
EDIT: There is more to it. As a comment points out, the function doesn't exist at the time of ctrl instantiation. To spy on that call you need to assign an arbitrary function to the variable (in this case you assign scope.getResponses to an empty function) in your setup block AFTER you have scope, but BEFORE you instantiate the controller. Then you need to write the spy (again in your setup block and BEFORE ctrl instantiation), and finally you can instantiate the controller and expect a call to have been made to that function. Sorry for the crappy answer initially
The only way I have found to test this type of scenarios is moving the method to be tested to a separate dependency, then inject it in the controller, and provide a fake in the tests instead.
Here is a very basic working example:
angular.module('test', [])
.factory('loadResponses', function() {
return function() {
//do something
}
})
.controller('aCtrl', ['$scope', 'loadResponses', function($scope, loadResponses) {
$scope.loadResponses = loadResponses;
$scope.loadResponses();
}]);
describe('test spec', function(){
var scope;
var loadResponsesInvoked = false;
var fakeLoadResponses = function () {
loadResponsesInvoked = true;
}
beforeEach(function () {
module('test', function($provide) {
$provide.value('loadResponses', fakeLoadResponses)
});
inject(function($controller, $rootScope) {
scope = $rootScope.$new();
$controller('aCtrl', { $scope: scope });
});
});
it('should ensure that scope.loadResponses was called upon instantiation of the controller', function () {
expect(loadResponsesInvoked).toBeTruthy();
});
});
For real world code you will probably need extra work (for example, you may not always want to fake the loadResponses method), but you get the idea.
Also, here is a nice article that explains how to create fake dependencies that actually use Jasmine spies: Mocking Dependencies in AngularJS Tests
EDIT: Here is an alternative way, that uses $provide.delegate and does not replace the original method:
describe('test spec', function(){
var scope, loadResponses;
var loadResponsesInvoked = false;
beforeEach(function () {
var loadResponsesDecorator = function ($delegate) {
loadResponsesInvoked = true;
return $delegate;
}
module('test', function($provide) {
$provide.decorator('loadResponses', loadResponsesDecorator);
});
inject(function($controller, $rootScope) {
scope = $rootScope.$new();
$controller('aCtrl', { $scope: scope });
});
});
it('should ensure that scope.loadResponses was called upon instantiation of the controller', function () {
expect(loadResponsesInvoked).toBeTruthy();
});
});
I didn't quite understand any of the answers above.
the method I often use - don't test it, instead test the output it makes..
you have not specified what loadResponses actually does.. but lets say it puts something on scope - so test existence of that..
BTW - I myself asked a similar question but on an isolated scope
angular - how to test directive with isolatedScope load?
if you still want to spy - on an unisolated scope, you could definitely use a technique..
for example, change your code to be
if ( !$scope.loadResponses ){
$scope.loadResponses = function(){}
}
$scope.loadResponses();
This way you will be able to define the spy before initializing the controller.
Another way, is like PSL suggested in the comments - move loadResponses to a service, spy on that and check it has been called.
However, as mentioned, this won't work on an isolated scope.. and so the method of testing the output of it is the only one I really recommend as it answers both scenarios.
Lets say I have a service which queries some data and sets it in the controller, a little similar to:
(Method on controller)
DogService.query(function(data)){
if(data.isSuccess){
$scope.IloveDogs = true;
$scope.dogLovers += 1;
}
})
It is highly simplified, but how would I in my controller test that when calling a mocked dogService, that it sets the correct data?
If for simplicity we say that the function isn't asynchronous and deals with promises, I would create and inject a mock to the controller. The mock could look like:
var DogService = {
query: function(){
return true;
}
}
This unfortunately doesn't run the code where the $scope.IloveDogs is set to true, and the dogLovers is incremented by one.
Any ideas, since I would rather not have to duplicate the code in my controller from the service to the mocked service?
This is how I would normally mock a service in a unit test.
(You didn't mention which testing framework you use, so I am going to assume Jasmine as it's the most popular one at the moment).
I just create a dumb object to act as my mock and then just Jasmine's built-in spy functionality to dictate what it returns. Note that this is syntax for Jasmine 2.0.
I use $q to create a promise, and make sure I am able to reference it from my tests so I can resolve it.
describe('Spec', function() {
var scope;
var catServiceMock;
var deferredCatCall;
beforeEach(module('myModule'));
beforeEach(inject(function($controller, $rootScope, $q) {
scope = $rootScope;
//Create a mock and spy on it to return a promise
deferredCatCall = $q.defer();
catServiceMock = {
query: function() {}
};
spyOn(catServiceMock, 'query').and.returnValue(deferredCatCall.promise);
//Inject the mock into the controller
$controller('MyCtrl', {
$scope: scope,
catService: catServiceMock
});
}));
it('proves that cats are better than dogs', function() {
//resolve the promise that was returned by the mock
deferredCatCall.resolve({
isSuccess: true
});
//Need to trigger a $digest loop so angular process the resolved promise
scope.$digest();
//Check that the controller callback did something
expect(scope.iLoveCats).toBeTruthy();
});
});
For a service that does not use promises, I would possibly do something like this:
describe('Spec', function() {
var scope;
var catServiceMock;
beforeEach(module('myModule'));
beforeEach(inject(function($controller, $rootScope, $q) {
scope = $rootScope;
//Create a mock and spy on it to return a value
catServiceMock = {
query: function() {}
};
spyOn(catServiceMock, 'query').and.returnValue({
isSuccess: true
});
//Inject the mock into the controller
$controller('MyCtrl', {
$scope: scope,
catService: catServiceMock
});
}));
it('proves that cats are better than dogs', function() {
//Check that the controller callback did something
expect(scope.iLoveCats).toBeTruthy();
});
});
The main problem with this approach is that you're forced to dictate what the service will return before you instantiate the controller. This means that if you want to test how the controller behaves to different data received from the service you're going to have to have multiple beforeEach blocks nested in different describe blocks and while it looks at a glance like it's less boilerplate in the test you will end up with a lot more.
This is one of the reasons why I prefer my services to return promises even if they are not asynchronous.
I am writing unit tests for a controller. This controller has a $resource service injected :
function controller($scope, Service) {
Service.get(function(result){
// do stuff with the result, not relevant here
}
}
The service is defined like this :
angular.module('so').factory('Service', ['$resource', service]);
function service($resource) {
return $resource('/url', null, {
get: { method: 'POST', params: {}, isArray: false}
});
}
My Jasmine unit test is the following :
describe("Controller", function(){
var $httpBackend;
beforeEach(function() {
module('so');
inject(function( _$httpBackend_) {
$httpBackend = _$httpBackend_;
});
});
it('should have done stuff irrelevant to the question', function() {
var $injector = angular.injector('so'),
$scope = $injector.get('$rootScope'),
$httpBackend
.whenPOST('/url')
.respond ([]);
// controller needs to be defined here and not in the beforeEach as there
// are more parameters passed to it, depending on the test
var controller = $injector.get('$controller')('controller', { "$scope": $scope });
$httpBackend.flush();
// then here the actual test resolution, also irrelevant
});
});
I get an error when running the test :
Error: No pending request to flush ! in file:///path/to/angular-mock.js (line 1453)
I added a console.log() in the callback from Service.get() and indeed, it is not called (everything outside of the callback is of course called). Also tried to add a scope digest if not phased after controller creation in the unit test, as I saw suggested in an other question, with no luck.
I know that I can mock that in some other ways, but using $httpBackend seems the perfect solution for the test : mocking the webserver and the data received.
I'm using AngularJS 1.2.16 (can't upgrade to 1.3.*, IE 8 compatibility required). I first used 1.2.13 and updated to check if it would solve the issue, without any luck.
That was an injection issue that was solved by changing the test from
it('should have done stuff irrelevant to the question', function() {
var $injector = angular.injector('so'),
$scope = $injector.get('$rootScope'),
$httpBackend
.whenPOST('/url')
.respond ([]);
// controller needs to be defined here and not in the beforeEach as there
// are more parameters passed to it, depending on the test
var controller = $injector.get('$controller')('controller', { "$scope": $scope });
$httpBackend.flush();
// then here the actual test resolution, also irrelevant
});
To:
it('should have done stuff irrelevant to the question', inject(function(Service) {
// edited lines because they did not change
var controller = $injector.get('$controller')('controller', { "$scope": $scope, "Service": Service });
// edited lines because they did not change
}));
So basicaly, adding the inject() in the test function and passing the service to the controller "manually".
I found the issue, that's great, but I don't really understand why it doesn't work. Also, I tried this right after finding the solution :
it('should have done stuff irrelevant to the question', inject(function() {
// edited lines because they did not change
var Service = $injector.get('Service'),
var controller = $injector.get('$controller')('controller', { "$scope": $scope, "Service": Service });
// edited lines because they did not change
}));
but this fail again, with the same "no pending request" error. I'm guessing that's some sort of racing issue, where my service can't get the proper $httpBackend to be injected when it's created afterwards, but I don't really understand why this occurs. If anybody can enlighten me... I'll be grateful.