I need to create about 300 columns for a table and I don't want to to it manually.
How can I do this?
I want to have columns like
Bigint1..to..Bigint60
Text1 ..to..Text60
and so on.
IF (NOT EXISTS (SELECT *
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'dbo'
AND TABLE_NAME = 'mytbl'))
begin
create table OBJ_AttributeValues(
ObjectID numeric(18,0) not null
);
end
else
begin
DECLARE #A INT
set #A = 1;
WHILE(#A <=60)
BEGIN
alter table OBJ_AttributeValues
add ...............................
set #A = #A+1;
END
end
What should I write instead of "..."?
You will need to use dynamic SQL for that, something like
DECLARE #SSQL VARCHAR(1000)
DECLARE #A INT
set #A = 1;
WHILE(#A <=60)
BEGIN
SET #SSQL = 'alter table OBJ_AttributeValues add Bigint' + CAST(#A as varchar) + ' bigint'
EXEC (#SSQL)
set #A = #A+1;
END
This isn't really a good idea, you should take the time to write the sql or just copy-paste the columns from Excel or something like that. You also shouldn't be using the TEXT data type, is deprecated and filled with restriction (use VARCHAR(MAX) instead if you need). That said, here is a way using dynamic SQL:
DECLARE #BigintCols NVARCHAR(MAX), #TextCols NVARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE #Query NVARCHAR(MAX)
SET #BigintCols = ''
SET #TextCols = ''
SELECT #BigintCols = #BigintCols + N'Bigint' + CAST(number AS NVARCHAR(2)) + N' BIGINT,',
#TextCols = #TextCols + N'Text' + CAST(number AS NVARCHAR(2)) + N' TEXT,'
FROM master..spt_values
WHERE type = 'P'
AND number BETWEEN 1 AND 60
ORDER BY number
SET #Query = '
CREATE TABLE OBJ_AttributeValues(ObjectID numeric(18,0) not null,'+#BigintCols+
LEFT(#TextCols,LEN(#TextCols)-1)+')'
EXECUTE sp_executesql #Query
Oh, you should probably read about dynamic sql first.
Related
I'm trying to build a stored procedure that will query multiple database depending on the databases required.
For example:
SP_Users takes a list of #DATABASES as parameters.
For each database it needs to run the same query and union the results together.
I believe a CTE could be my best bet so I have something like this at the moment.
SET #DATABASES = 'DB_1, DB_2' -- Two databases in a string listed
-- I have a split string function that will extract each database
SET #CURRENT_DB = 'DB_1'
WITH UsersCTE (Name, Email)
AS (SELECT Name, Email
FROM [#CURRENT_DB].[dbo].Users),
SELECT #DATABASE as DB, Name, Email
FROM UsersCTE
What I don't want to do is hard code the databases in the query. The steps I image are:
Split the parameter #DATABASES to extract and set the #CURRENT_DB Variable
Iterate through the query with a Recursive CTE until all the #DATABASES have been processed
Union all results together and return the data.
Not sure if this is the right approach to tackling this problem.
Using #databases:
As mentioned in the comments to your question, variables cant be used to dynamically select a database. Dynamic sql is indicated. You can start by building your template sql statement:
declare #sql nvarchar(max) =
'union all ' +
'select ''#db'' as db, name, email ' +
'from [#db].dbo.users ';
Since you have sql server 2016, you can split using the string_split function, with your #databases variable as input. This will result in a table with 'value' as the column name, which holds the database names.
Use the replace function to replace #db in the template with value. This will result in one sql statement for each database you passed into #databases. Then, concatenate the statements back together. Unfortunately, in version 2016, there's no built in function to do that. So we have to use the famous for xml trick to join the statements, then we use .value to convert it to a string, and finally we use stuff to get rid of the leading union all statement.
Take the results of the concatenated output, and overwrite the #sql variable. It is ready to go at this point, so execute it.
I do all that is described in this code:
declare #databases nvarchar(max) = 'db_1,db_2';
set #sql = stuff(
(
select replace(#sql, '#db', value)
from string_split(#databases, ',')
for xml path(''), type
).value('.[1]', 'nvarchar(max)')
, 1, 9, '');
exec(#sql);
Untested, of course, but if you print instead of execute, it seems to give the proper sql statement for your needs.
Using msForEachDB:
Now, if you didn't want to have to know which databases had 'users', such as if you're in an environment where you have a different database for every client, you can use sp_msForEachDb and check the structure first to make sure it has a 'users' table with 'name' and 'email' columns. If so, execute the appropriate statement. If not, execute a dummy statement. I won't describe this one, I'll just give the code:
declare #aggregator table (
db sysname,
name int,
email nvarchar(255)
);
insert #aggregator
exec sp_msforeachdb '
declare #sql nvarchar(max) = ''select db = '''''''', name = '''''''', email = '''''''' where 1 = 2'';
select #sql = ''select db = ''''?'''', name, email from ['' + table_catalog + ''].dbo.users''
from [?].information_schema.columns
where table_schema = ''dbo''
and table_name = ''users''
and column_name in (''name'', ''email'')
group by table_catalog
having count(*) = 2
exec (#sql);
';
select *
from #aggregator
I took the valid advice from others here and went with this which works great for what I need:
I decided to use a loop to build the query up. Hope this helps someone else looking to do something similar.
CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[SP_Users](
#DATABASES VARCHAR(MAX) = NULL,
#PARAM1 VARCHAR(250),
#PARAM2 VARCHAR(250)
)
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON;
--Local variables
DECLARE
#COUNTER INT = 0,
#SQL NVARCHAR(MAX) = '',
#CURRENTDB VARCHAR(50) = NULL,
#MAX INT = 0,
#ERRORMSG VARCHAR(MAX)
--Check we have databases entered
IF #DATABASES IS NULL
BEGIN
RAISERROR('ERROR: No Databases Provided,
Please Provide a list of databases to execute procedure. See stored procedure:
[SP_Users]', 16, 1)
RETURN
END
-- SET Number of iterations based on number of returned databases
SET #MAX = (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM
(SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY i.value) AS RowNumber, i.value
FROM dbo.udf_SplitVariable(#DATABASES, ',') AS i)X)
-- Build SQL Statement
WHILE #COUNTER < #MAX
BEGIN
--Set the current database
SET #CURRENTDB = (SELECT X.Value FROM
(SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY i.value) AS RowNumber, i.value
FROM dbo.udf_SplitVariable(#DATABASES, ',') AS i
ORDER BY RowNumber OFFSET #COUNTER
ROWS FETCH NEXT 1 ROWS ONLY) X);
SET #SQL = #SQL + N'
(
SELECT Name, Email
FROM [' + #CURRENTDB + '].[dbo].Users
WHERE
(Name = #PARAM1 OR #PARAM1 IS NULL)
(Email = #PARAM2 OR #PARAM2 IS NULL)
) '
+ N' UNION ALL '
END
PRINT #CURRENTDB
PRINT #SQL
SET #COUNTER = #COUNTER + 1
END
-- remove last N' UNION ALL '
IF LEN(#SQL) > 11
SET #SQL = LEFT(#SQL, LEN(#SQL) - 11)
EXEC sp_executesql #SQL, N'#CURRENTDB VARCHAR(50),
#PARAM1 VARCHAR(250),
#PARAM2 VARCHAR(250)',
#CURRENTDB,
#PARAM1 ,
#PARAM2
END
Split Variable Function
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[udf_SplitVariable]
(
#List varchar(8000),
#SplitOn varchar(5) = ','
)
RETURNS #RtnValue TABLE
(
Id INT IDENTITY(1,1),
Value VARCHAR(8000)
)
AS
BEGIN
--Account for ticks
SET #List = (REPLACE(#List, '''', ''))
--Account for 'emptynull'
IF LTRIM(RTRIM(#List)) = 'emptynull'
BEGIN
SET #List = ''
END
--Loop through all of the items in the string and add records for each item
WHILE (CHARINDEX(#SplitOn,#List)>0)
BEGIN
INSERT INTO #RtnValue (value)
SELECT Value = LTRIM(RTRIM(SUBSTRING(#List, 1, CHARINDEX(#SplitOn, #List)-1)))
SET #List = SUBSTRING(#List, CHARINDEX(#SplitOn,#List) + LEN(#SplitOn), LEN(#List))
END
INSERT INTO #RtnValue (Value)
SELECT Value = LTRIM(RTRIM(#List))
RETURN
END
I am working in Microsoft SQL and I have a table where the column names are like 'INT001', 'INT002' all the way to 'INT300' but the columns don't show up in the particular order as the names above.
I want to select only columns from 'INT001' to 'INT096' i.e. 97 columns from 300 columns and the columns occur in random order in the table.
I don't even have a clue where to begin.
Edit: I don't want to type the 97 column names when they already have a pattern I can use if possible.
There is no way to do this in a query... What you can do is dynamically generate the query;
You can generate this in a number of ways... something like so (using just numbers to build the column names);
DECLARE #QueryString as varchar(max);
SELECT #QueryString = 'SELECT ';
SELECT
#QueryString = COALESCE(#QueryString + '[INT' + TheNumber + '],', '')
FROM
(SELECT DISTINCT RIGHT('000'+CAST(number AS VARCHAR(3)),3) AS TheNumber FROM master..[spt_values] WHERE number BETWEEN 0 AND 96) numbers
SELECT #QueryString = left(#QueryString, len(#QueryString) - 1) + ' FROM [YourTableName]'
print #QueryString
Gives us
SELECT [INT000],[INT001],[INT002],[INT003],[INT004],[INT005],[INT006],[INT007],[INT008],[INT009],[INT010],[INT011],[INT012],[INT013],[INT014],[INT015],[INT016],[INT017],[INT018],[INT019],[INT020],[INT021],[INT022],[INT023],[INT024],[INT025],[INT026],[INT027],[INT028],[INT029],[INT030],[INT031],[INT032],[INT033],[INT034],[INT035],[INT036],[INT037],[INT038],[INT039],[INT040],[INT041],[INT042],[INT043],[INT044],[INT045],[INT046],[INT047],[INT048],[INT049],[INT050],[INT051],[INT052],[INT053],[INT054],[INT055],[INT056],[INT057],[INT058],[INT059],[INT060],[INT061],[INT062],[INT063],[INT064],[INT065],[INT066],[INT067],[INT068],[INT069],[INT070],[INT071],[INT072],[INT073],[INT074],[INT075],[INT076],[INT077],[INT078],[INT079],[INT080],[INT081],[INT082],[INT083],[INT084],[INT085],[INT086],[INT087],[INT088],[INT089],[INT090],[INT091],[INT092],[INT093],[INT094],[INT095],[INT096] FROM [YourTableName]
This would also be easier and better using sys.columns to list the column names but since I don't have your table here or time to mock it up I have gone with a simple numbers one.
You can create your query by dynamically creating the SQL.
DECLARE #MAX INT = 97;
DECLARE #NUM INT = 1;
DECLARE #COLUMN NVARCHAR(500);
DECLARE #SQL NVARCHAR (1000) = 'SELECT ';
WHILE #NUM <= #MAX
BEGIN
SET #COLUMN = RIGHT(REPLICATE(0, 3) + CAST(#NUM AS VARCHAR(3)), 3)
SET #NUM = #NUM + 1;
SET #SQL = #SQL + '[INT' + #COLUMN + '], '
END
SET #SQL = #SQL + 'FROM [TABLENAME]'
SELECT #SQL --This is just to see the query
Once you have the query you can execute it by copy and paste or you can use this:
EXEC sp_executesql #SQL
I am looking to backup a table and auto add the date to the end of the table name.
Here is what I have
declare #table char(36)= 'template_fields'
EXEC('select * into '+#table+'_'+'convert(date, getdate()) from '+#table)
And I want the end result to look something like
template_fields_09-09-2015
What am I missing here?
Just print what you do:
DECLARE #table NVARCHAR(MAX) = 'tab';
DECLARE #sql NVARCHAR(MAX) = 'select * into '+#table+'_'
+'convert(date, getdate()) from '+#table;
SELECT #sql;
you will get: select * into tab_convert(date, getdate()) from tab
You need to pass date with table name like:
SqlFiddleDemo
DECLARE #table NVARCHAR(MAX) = 'tab';
DECLARE #new_table NVARCHAR(MAX) = #table + '_' +
CONVERT(NVARCHAR(100), GETDATE(),105);
DECLARE #sql NVARCHAR(MAX) = 'select * into ' + #new_table + ' from '+ #table;
SELECT #sql;
/* Result select * into tab_09-09-2015 from tab */
-- EXEC(#sql);
First of all, do not use EXEC to run dynamic queries, use sp_executesql instead.
Second: When you want to build a SQL query with variable object names, use QUOTENAME().
DECLARE #table sys.sysname = 'mytable'
DECLARE #backup sys.sysname = #table + '_' + CONVERT(date, GETDATE());
DECLARE #sql NVARCHAR(MAX) = 'SELECT * INTO '
+ QUOTENAME(#backup) + ' '
+ FROM + ' '
+ QUOTENAME(#table);
EXEC sp_executesql
#stmt = #sql
Please note that, the sys.sysname is a built in data type (essentially an alias for NVARCHAR(128) NOT NULL) and SQL Server uses it internally for object names.
Note: I have no SQL Server instance accessible right now, so the above query can contain typos.
I ended up resolving this myself. While some nice responses were added I wrote my initial query more simply to achieve this. Thank you all for the help.
--Declare and initiate the table
declare #table varchar(36)= 'template_fields'
--Declare and initiate the date (YYYYMMDD) without dashes
declare #date varchar(10) = convert(int, convert(varchar(10), getdate(), 112))
--Execute the query with the variables resulting in a new table titled 'template_fields_20150909'
EXEC('select * into '+#table+'_'+#date+' from '+#table)
We suffered some kind of invasion in our SQL Server.
I'm trying to find in every database, in every table, every column the word abortion and cheat.
I can do this with this query, but in a single database.
-- Store results in a local temp table so that. I'm using a
-- local temp table so that I can access it in SP_EXECUTESQL.
create table #tmp
(
db varchar(max),
tbl nvarchar(max),
col nvarchar(max),
val nvarchar(max),
);
declare #db nvarchar(max);
declare #tbl nvarchar(max);
declare #col nvarchar(max);
declare #q nvarchar(max);
declare #search nvarchar(max) = 'abortion';
-- Create a cursor on all columns in the database
declare c cursor for
SELECT
DB_NAME(DB_ID()) as DBName, tbls.TABLE_NAME, cols.COLUMN_NAME
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES AS tbls
JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS AS cols ON tbls.TABLE_NAME = cols.TABLE_NAME
-- For each table and column pair, see if the search value exists.
open c
fetch next from c into #db, #tbl, #col
while ##FETCH_STATUS = 0
begin
-- Look for the search key in current table column and if found add it to the results.
SET #q = 'INSERT INTO #tmp SELECT ''' +#db+''',''' + #tbl + ''', ''' + #col + ''', ' + #col + ' FROM ' + #tbl + ' WHERE ' + #col + ' LIKE ''%' + #search + '%'''
EXEC SP_EXECUTESQL #q
fetch next from c into #db, #tbl, #col
end
close c
deallocate c
-- Get results
select distinct db,tbl,col from #tmp
-- Remove local temp table.
drop table #tmp
How can I find these strings? The result set should be:
DATABASE | TABLE | COLUMN
I don't need the result ( text field ), and I need to select distinct for tables and columns, because it will be a lot of abortion in the same table/column.
While the use of the undocumented sp_msforeachdb is generally not encouraged, my instinct would be to send your existing code to this procedure like this:
exec sp_MSforeachdb 'USE [?];
-- Store results in a local temp table so that. I'm using a
-- local temp table so that I can access it in SP_EXECUTESQL.
create table #tmp (
db varchar(max) ,
tbl nvarchar(max),
col nvarchar(max),
val nvarchar(max),
);
declare #db nvarchar(max);
declare #tbl nvarchar(max);
declare #col nvarchar(max);
declare #q nvarchar(max);
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
declare #search nvarchar(max) = ''abortion'';
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Create a cursor on all columns in the database
declare c cursor for
SELECT DB_NAME(DB_ID()) as DBName,tbls.TABLE_NAME, cols.COLUMN_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES AS tbls
JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS AS cols
ON tbls.TABLE_NAME = cols.TABLE_NAME
-- For each table and column pair, see if the search value exists.
open c
fetch next from c into #db, #tbl, #col
while ##FETCH_STATUS = 0
begin
-- Look for the search key in current table column and if found add it to the results.
SET #q = ''INSERT INTO #tmp SELECT '''''' +#db+'''''','''''' + #tbl + '''''', '''''' + #col + '''''', '' + #col + '' FROM '' + #tbl + '' WHERE '' + #col + '' LIKE ''''%'' + #search + ''%''''''
EXEC SP_EXECUTESQL #q
fetch next from c into #db, #tbl, #col
end
close c
deallocate c;'
The only added code here is the first line, for the rest of the code just make sure to replace ' with ''. The ? in USE [?] is a special character meaning the currently active database in the loop sp_MSforeachdb executes.
I have a form with 3 check box dropdown lists enabling multiple selection from each control.
Lets say for talking sake its an accommodation table I am querying and the check box dropdown lists are 'AccommodationName', 'Company', and 'Nights'.
So potentially I could be passing in multiple values from each control and I want to return an aggregated query relevant to all data input.
How should I be going about this query?
Is the query going to have to be dynamic sql?
Please note, I am using sql server 2005.
You will need to create a split function inside you database,
Definition Of Split Function
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[split]
(
#delimited NVARCHAR(MAX),
#delimiter NVARCHAR(100)
)
RETURNS #t TABLE (id INT IDENTITY(1,1), val NVARCHAR(MAX))
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE #xml XML
SET #xml = N'<t>' + REPLACE(#delimited,#delimiter,'</t><t>') + '</t>'
INSERT INTO #t(val)
SELECT r.value('.','varchar(MAX)') as item
FROM #xml.nodes('/t') as records(r)
RETURN
END
Stored Procedure
Then you need to create a stored procedure which will build sql query dynamically and use this split function to handle multiple values passed as a comma deliminated list.
CREATE PROCEDURE GetData
#AccommodationName VARCHAR(1000) = NULL,
#Company VARCHAR(1000) = NULL,
#Nights VARCHAR(1000) = NULL
AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON;
DECLARE #SQL NVARCHAR(MAX);
SET #SQL = N' SELECT * FROM TableName WHERE 1 = 1 '
+ CASE WHEN #AccommodationName IS NOT NULL
THEN N' AND AccommodationName IN (SELECT Val FROM dbo.split(#AccommodationName )) '
ELSE N'' END
+ CASE WHEN #Company IS NOT NULL
THEN N' AND Company IN (SELECT Val FROM dbo.split(#Company)) '
ELSE N'' END
+ CASE WHEN #Nights IS NOT NULL
THEN N' AND Nights IN (SELECT Val FROM dbo.split(#Nights)) '
ELSE N'' END
EXECUTE sp_executesql #SQL
,N'#AccommodationName VARCHAR(1000), #Company VARCHAR(1000), #Nights VARCHAR(1000)'
,#AccommodationName
,#Company
,#Nights
END