For loop confusion in C - c

Question

This is a question from a practice test that I do not fully understand.
For the code fragment
int i = 0, j = 0, k = 0;
for (i=-1; i<=10; ++i){
j = i; ++k;
}
I am asked to find the values of the variables after executing the code.
The answers are:
i = 11 j = 10 k = 12
I don't understand how, can someone please help?

Answer 1

Understanding the value of i after the loop is very simple, much simpler than the sorts of other answers here. The loop condition is i<=10 ... in order for the loop to terminate, that condition must be false. Clearly, the value of i that makes that false is 11.
The value of j at the end of the loop is the previous value of i, which is 10, and the value of k is the number of times the loop executed, which is 1 (for -1) + 1 (for 0) + 10 (for 1 thru 10) = 12.

Answer 2

i must be <= 10, so it is 11 to exit the loop and inside the last iteration of the loop, i = 10 = j. k is 1 after the first iteration, while i is -1. Running through the loop, you'll see:
k = 1, i = -1
k = 2, i = 0
k = 3, i = 1
k = 4, i = 2
k = 5, i = 3
k = 6, i = 4
k = 7, i = 5
k = 8, i = 6
k = 9, i = 7
k = 10, i = 8
k = 11, i = 9
k = 12, i = 10
Therefore k = 12

Answer 3

Here are the steps:
When the loop begins, all three variables are zero.
The loop initializer sets i to minus 1.
Loop test: i <= 10 is true, so loop is entered.
Inside the loop, j is set to i, so j is also minus 1.
k is incremented, so k becomes 1.
the iteration ends; i is incremented because of the ++i, so i becomes 0.
Loop test: since i is zero, i <= 10 is true, so the loop is entered again.
In this way, the loop continues, changing j, k, and i in that order. So when i becomes 10, j will be 9 and k 11. At that point:
The loop is entered for the last time.
j becomes 10 as well; k becomes 12
Then i gets incremented to 11. The loop condition i <= 10 is false, and the loop terminates.
So i is 11. j is 10, k is 12 when the loop terminates.
The key point is, after the first pass, every time the loop is entered, j is one less than i, and k is one greater than i. When the loop terminates, this is still the case.

Answer 4

for (i=-1; i<=10; ++i){
j = i; ++k;
}
Here is the loop :
i = i +1; <-------+
| |
check condition!------|--+
| | |
j = i; | |
| | |
k++;----------------+ |
| |
+<--------------------+
|
other code
at last loop
i = 10
condition == true
j = 10;
k = 12;
Then
i= i+1 means i = 11 but the condition show false! loop end.

Answer 5

Take three variables separate.
You can see the variable k would be incremented , the number of times the loop is executed.
The no. of time sit would be executed from -1 to 10 it would have done 12 iterations
k = 1, i = -1, j=-1
k = 2, i = 0, j=0
k = 3, i = 1, j=1
k = 4, i = 2, j=2
k = 5, i = 3, j=3
k = 6, i = 4, j=4
k = 7, i = 5, j=5
k = 8, i = 6, j=6
k = 9, i = 7, j=7
k = 10, i = 8, j=8
k = 11, i = 9, j=9
k = 12, i = 10, j=10
After This i has reached its limit, but it will first increment and then check,
hence i=11, k=12 and j to a one less than the value of i i.e j= 10