I am running part of a query in Microsoft SQL server management studio
Select Table1.Column1
into #Table2
from Table1
now it has created the table but I actually want to view this table with my eyes but I cannot seem to find where the table is stored. Please could someone help me find it?
That is a temporary table. It will be created in the tempdb system database and you can see it by going to tempdb -> Temporary Tables.
Any tables where its name start with # is a Temporary Table. Exactly as the name suggests, it's temporary, and only exists for the same time the connection that created it does (or it is dropped).
If you want to view the data from a temporary table, you would do so like any other table SELECT * FROM #Table2;. .
I imagine what your really after is to not use a temporary table, so drop the # from the name, and the new table will be created in the database you are connected to.
I have a table which depends on several other ones.
When I delete an entry in this table I should also delete entries in its "masters" (it's 1-1 relation). But here is a problem: when I delete it I get unnecessary table scans, because it checks a reference before deleting. I am sure that it's safe (becuase I get ids from OUTPUT clause):
DELETE TOP (#BatchSize) [doc].[Document]
OUTPUT DELETED.A, DELETED.B, DELETED.C, DELETED.D
INTO #DocumentParts
WHERE Id IN (SELECT d.Id FROM #DocumentIds d);
SET #r = ##ROWCOUNT;
DELETE [doc].[A]
WHERE Id IN (SELECT DISTINCT dp.A FROM #DocumentParts dp);
DELETE [doc].[B]
WHERE Id IN (SELECT DISTINCT dp.B FROM #DocumentParts dp);
DELETE [doc].[C]
WHERE Id IN (SELECT DISTINCT dp.C FROM #DocumentParts dp);
... several others
But here is what plan I get for each delete:
If I drop constraints from document table plan changes:
But problem is that I cannot drop constraints because inserts perform in parallel in other sessions. I also cannot lock a whole table becuase it's very large, and this lock will also lock a lot of others transactions.
The only way I found for now is create an index for every foreign key (which can be used instead of PK scan), but I wanted to avoid this scan at all (indexed or not), becuase I am SURE that documents with such ids doesn't exists becuase I used to delete them. Maybe there is some hint for SQL or some way to disable a reference check for one transaction insead of whole database.
SQL Server is rather stubborn in preserving the referential integrity, so no, you cannot "hint" to disable the check. The fact that you deleted the referencing rows doesn't matter at all (in a high transactional environment, there was plenty of time for some process to modify the tables between the deletes).
Creating the proper indexes is the way to go.
We have a specific table that has a lot of activity and it creates a lot of change records. The consequence is that the flashback data only goes back a couple of days. That is OK for many cases but it would be beneficial to have access to more historical data.
We would like to either restrict logging on our one high activity table. Or disable it completely. I imagine that we may be able to do this by tablespace, I just have not found much on how to make these changes.
You can disable flashback archiving with alter table clause:
alter table YOUR_TABLE_NAME no flashback archive;
It's possible also to limit archive to specified size. To do that you need to create flashback archive designated to this table with desired retention and optionally size quota:
create flashback archive YOUR_TABLE_ARCHIVE tablespace SOME_TABLESPACE quota 512M retention 1 DAY;
Then assign new archive to table:
alter table YOUR_TABLE_NAME flashback archive YOUR_TABLE_ARCHIVE;
Examine Oracle documentation to check additional requirements. E.g. you need FLASHBACK ARCHIVE ADMINSTER privilege to execute statement above.
You can generate scripts for all tables under any schema by executing following query:
SELECT 'alter table ' || OWNER || '.' || TABLE_NAME || 'no flashback archive;'
FROM ALL_TABLES WHERE OWNER IN ('YOUR_SCHEMA');
What is the difference between using
SELECT ... INTO MyTable FROM...
and
INSERT INTO MyTable (...)
SELECT ... FROM ....
?
From BOL [ INSERT, SELECT...INTO ], I know that using SELECT...INTO will create the insertion table on the default file group if it doesn't already exist, and that the logging for this statement depends on the recovery model of the database.
Which statement is preferable?
Are there other performance implications?
What is a good use case for SELECT...INTO over INSERT INTO ...?
Edit: I already stated that I know that that SELECT INTO... creates a table where it doesn't exist. What I want to know is that SQL includes this statement for a reason, what is it? Is it doing something different behind the scenes for inserting rows, or is it just syntactic sugar on top of a CREATE TABLE and INSERT INTO.
They do different things. Use INSERT when the table exists. Use SELECT INTO when it does not.
Yes. INSERT with no table hints is normally logged. SELECT INTO is minimally logged assuming proper trace flags are set.
In my experience SELECT INTO is most commonly used with intermediate data sets, like #temp tables, or to copy out an entire table like for a backup. INSERT INTO is used when you insert into an existing table with a known structure.
EDIT
To address your edit, they do different things. If you are making a table and want to define the structure use CREATE TABLE and INSERT. Example of an issue that can be created: You have a small table with a varchar field. The largest string in your table now is 12 bytes. Your real data set will need up to 200 bytes. If you do SELECT INTO from your small table to make a new one, the later INSERT will fail with a truncation error because your fields are too small.
Which statement is preferable? Depends on what you are doing.
Are there other performance implications? If the table is a permanent table, you can create indexes at the time of table creation which has implications for performance both negatively and positiviely. Select into does not recreate indexes that exist on current tables and thus subsequent use of the table may be slower than it needs to be.
What is a good use case for SELECT...INTO over INSERT INTO ...? Select into is used if you may not know the table structure in advance. It is faster to write than create table and an insert statement, so it is used to speed up develoment at times. It is often faster to use when you are creating a quick temp table to test things or a backup table of a specific query (maybe records you are going to delete). It should be rare to see it used in production code that will run multiple times (except for temp tables) because it will fail if the table was already in existence.
It is sometimes used inappropriately by people who don't know what they are doing. And they can cause havoc in the db as a result. I strongly feel it is inappropriate to use SELECT INTO for anything other than a throwaway table (a temporary backup, a temp table that will go away at the end of the stored proc ,etc.). Permanent tables need real thought as to their design and SELECT INTO makes it easy to avoid thinking about anything even as basic as what columns and what datatypes.
In general, I prefer the use of the create table and insert statement - you have more controls and it is better for repeatable processes. Further, if the table is a permanent table, it should be created from a separate create table script (one that is in source control) as creating permanent objects should not, in general, in code are inserts/deletes/updates or selects from a table. Object changes should be handled separately from data changes because objects have implications beyond the needs of a specific insert/update/select/delete. You need to consider the best data types, think about FK constraints, PKs and other constraints, consider auditing requirements, think about indexing, etc.
Each statement has a distinct use case. They are not interchangeable.
SELECT...INTO MyTable... creates a new MyTable where one did not exist before.
INSERT INTO MyTable...SELECT... is used when MyTable already exists.
The primary difference is that SELECT INTO MyTable will create a new table called MyTable with the results, while INSERT INTO requires that MyTable already exists.
You would use SELECT INTO only in the case where the table didn't exist and you wanted to create it based on the results of your query. As such, these two statements really are not comparable. They do very different things.
In general, SELECT INTO is used more often for one off tasks, while INSERT INTO is used regularly to add rows to tables.
EDIT:
While you can use CREATE TABLE and INSERT INTO to accomplish what SELECT INTO does, with SELECT INTO you do not have to know the table definition beforehand. SELECT INTO is probably included in SQL because it makes tasks like ad hoc reporting or copying tables much easier.
Actually SELECT ... INTO not only creates the table but will fail if it already exists, so basically the only time you would use it is when the table you are inserting to does not exists.
In regards to your EDIT:
I personally mainly use SELECT ... INTO when I am creating a temp table. That to me is the main use. However I also use it when creating new tables with many columns with similar structures to other tables and then edit it in order to save time.
I only want to cover second point of the question that is related to performance, because no body else has covered this. Select Into is a lot more faster than insert into, when it comes to tables with large datasets. I prefer select into when I have to read a very large table. insert into for a table with 10 million rows may take hours while select into will do this in minutes, and as for as losing indexes on new table is concerned you can recreate the indexes by query and can still save a lot more time when compared to insert into.
SELECT INTO is typically used to generate temp tables or to copy another table (data and/or structure).
In day to day code you use INSERT because your tables should already exist to be read, UPDATEd, DELETEd, JOINed etc. Note: the INTO keyword is optional with INSERT
That is, applications won't normally create and drop tables as part of normal operations unless it is a temporary table for some scope limited and specific usage.
A table created by SELECT INTO will have no keys or indexes or constraints unlike a real, persisted, already existing table
The 2 aren't directly comparable because they have almost no overlap in usage
Select into creates new table for you at the time and then insert records in it from the source table. The newly created table has the same structure as of the source table.If you try to use select into for a existing table it will produce a error, because it will try to create new table with the same name.
Insert into requires the table to be exist in your database before you insert rows in it.
The simple difference between select Into and Insert Into is:
--> Select Into don't need existing table. If you want to copy table A data, you just type Select * INTO [tablename] from A. Here, tablename can be existing table or new table will be created which has same structure like table A.
--> Insert Into do need existing table.INSERT INTO [tablename] SELECT * FROM A;.
Here tablename is an existing table.
Select Into is usually more popular to copy data especially backup data.
You can use as per your requirement, it is totally developer choice which should be used in his scenario.
Performance wise Insert INTO is fast.
References :
https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_insert_into_select.asp
https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_select_into.asp
The other answers are all great/correct (the main difference is whether the DestTable exists already (INSERT), or doesn't exist yet (SELECT ... INTO))
You may prefer to use INSERT (instead of SELECT ... INTO), if you want to be able to COUNT(*) the rows that have been inserted so far.
Using SELECT COUNT(*) ... WITH NOLOCK is a simple/crude technique that may help you check the "progress" of the INSERT; helpful if it's a long-running insert, as seen in this answer).
[If you use...]
INSERT DestTable SELECT ... FROM SrcTable
...then your SELECT COUNT(*) from DestTable WITH (NOLOCK) query would work.
Select into for large datasets may be good only for a single user using one single connection to the database doing a bulk operation task. I do not recommend to use
SELECT * INTO table
as this creates one big transaction and creates schema lock to create the object, preventing other users to create object or access system objects until the SELECT INTO operation completes.
As proof of concept open 2 sessions, in first session try to use
select into temp table from a huge table
and in the second section try to
create a temp table
and check the locks, blocking and the duration of second session to create a temp table object. My recommendation it is always a good practice to create and Insert statement and if needed for minimal logging use trace flag 610.
I want to INSERT into one tables but prevent INSERTING to another one. It is possible to LOCK for example table a for INSERTING, INSERT to table b and then UNLOCK table a?
TABLOCK can lock only the table I am INSERTING in.
Thanks
Martin Pilch
SQL Server does not allow locking objects like you would do semaphors. Also, locking a table will not make it read-only; it will make it locked out for everybody.
You can place a lock by using a table hint such as SELECT * FROM MyTable WITH (LOCKNAME) but that is not a good programming practice.