Permutating an array in VBA to compute the Shapley-Shubik power index - arrays

I think this is my first question in this forum, so excuse me if I miss following some rules. I am trying to write a VBA algorithm to compute the Shapley-Shubik index. This index requires to compute all the permutations of a sequence of numbers (which represent the votes in a parliament, congress, etc.). After some thorough research I understood that one must use a recursive algorithm to perform such thing.
My idea is to create a matrix in vba where each element is stored separately, and each row contains a different permutation. That is the only way I can subsequently perform computations and retrieve the correct label values needed to compute such index.
The problem is I cannot understand how to revert back to the previous levels once I reach the last level of recursion.
(EDIT) Eventually, I was able to come up with a solution. I am posting the results below, since I have seen that it has been asked for. I should warn though, this is a very inefficient code, and it does not work with more than 7 players. The reason for this is because vba is not able to deal with the extremely big matrix created by this code, so the program just crashes with an overflow error.
However, in have not been particularly smart in writing this code, this means it should be pretty easy to modify the code in order to make it work for a bigger number of players. Basically, instead of using the permutation function to create a matrix, one just needs to compute the pivotal player in each specific permutation, then use an array to "store" the frequencies. Unfortunately, I did not have time to modify the code, as I am currently working on other projects, though somewhat related, using Matlab instead.
Here it is the function I have assembled:
Public Function ShapleyShubik( _
Votes As Range, _
Coalitions As Range, _
Candidate As String, _
Threshold As Double) As Double
'
'------------------------------------------------------
' by Sim1
' This function computes the Shapley-Shubik Power Index
' For a specified coalition among the available ones
'------------------------------------------------------
'
Dim Labels() As String
Dim Powers() As Double
Dim Interval As Variant
Dim MatLabels() As String
Dim MatPowers() As Integer
Dim Calc() As String
Dim Total As Integer
Dim ii As Integer
'Convert Labels Range
Interval = ToArray(Coalitions)
ReDim Labels(1 To UBound(Interval)) As String
For ii = 1 To UBound(Interval)
Labels(ii) = CStr(Interval(ii))
Next
'Convert Powers Range
Interval = ToArray(Votes)
ReDim Powers(1 To UBound(Interval)) As Double
For ii = 1 To UBound(Interval)
Powers(ii) = CInt(Interval(ii))
Next
SShubCalc Powers, Labels, Calc, Threshold, Total
'Compute Index
ShapleyShubik = (UBound(Filter(Calc, Candidate, True)) + 1) / Total
End Function
Private Function SShubCalc( _
ByRef Powers() As Double, _
ByRef Labels() As String, _
ByRef Pivotal() As String, _
ByVal bar As Double, _
ByRef Righe As Integer) As Boolean
On Error GoTo Error_line
Dim Colonne As Integer
Dim MatNum() As Double
Dim MatStr() As String
Dim Threshold As Integer
Dim Somma() As Double
Dim perfsum() As Boolean
Dim PivPos() As Integer
Dim Addend() As Double
Dim v() As Variant
' Define Size Variables
Colonne = UBound(Powers)
Righe = Factorial(Colonne)
'Generate Matrix of Permutations
MatrPerm Powers, MatNum, Labels, MatStr
'Provide Vector Sums and Check Threshold
With Application.WorksheetFunction
Threshold = .Sum(.index(MatNum, 1))
End With
'Control for unanimity
If (Threshold * bar) < (Threshold - 1) Then
Threshold = Round(Threshold * bar, 0) + 1
End If
'Initialize Arrays
ReDim perfsum(1 To Righe)
ReDim PivPos(1 To Righe)
ReDim Pivotal(1 To Righe)
For ii = 1 To Colonne
'First Iteration
If ii = 1 Then
v = Application.WorksheetFunction.index(MatNum, 0, ii)
ToDoubleArray Somma, v
Else:
v = Application.WorksheetFunction.index(MatNum, 0, (ii))
ToDoubleArray Addend, v
SumVector Somma, Somma, Addend
End If
For j = 1 To Righe
If Somma(j) >= Threshold And perfsum(j) = False Then
PivPos(j) = ii
perfsum(j) = True
End If
Next j
Next ii
'Transfer PivoPos to Labels
For ii = 1 To Righe
Pivotal(ii) = MatStr(ii, PivPos(ii))
Next ii
SShubCalc = True
Exit Function
Error_line:
SShubCalc = False
End Function
Private Function nextPerm(s As String)
' inspired by http://stackoverflow.com/questions/352203/generating-permutations-lazily
' this produces the "next" permutation
' it allows one to step through all possible iterations without having to have them
' all in memory at the same time
Dim L As Integer, ii As Integer, jj As Integer
Dim c() As Byte, temp As Byte
L = Len(s)
If StrComp(s, "**done**") = 0 Or StrComp(s, "") = 0 Then
nextPerm = ""
Exit Function
End If
' convert to byte array... more compact to manipulate
ReDim c(1 To L)
For ii = 1 To L
c(ii) = Asc(Mid(s, ii, 1))
Next ii
' find the largest "tail":
For ii = L - 1 To 1 Step -1
If c(ii) < c(ii + 1) Then Exit For
Next ii
' if we complete the loop without break, ii will be zero
If ii = 0 Then
nextPerm = "**done**"
Exit Function
End If
' find the smallest value in the tail that is larger than c(ii)
' take advantage of the fact that tail is sorted in reverse order
For jj = L To ii + 1 Step -1
If c(jj) > c(ii) Then
' swap elements
temp = c(jj)
c(jj) = c(ii)
c(ii) = temp
Exit For
End If
Next jj
' now reverse the characters from ii+1 to the end:
nextPerm = ""
For jj = 1 To ii
nextPerm = nextPerm & Chr(c(jj))
Next jj
For jj = L To ii + 1 Step -1
nextPerm = nextPerm & Chr(c(jj))
Next jj
'Debug.Print nextPerm
End Function
Private Function Factorial(dblNumber As Integer) As Integer
Dim dblCtr As Double
Dim dblResult As Double
dblResult = 1 'initializes variable
For dblCtr = 1 To dblNumber
dblResult = dblResult * dblCtr
Next dblCtr
Factorial = dblResult
End Function
Private Function SumVector(ByRef Result() As Double, ByRef Vec1() As Double, ByRef Vec2() As Double)
Dim temp As Integer
Dim tempuno As Integer
Dim ii As Integer
If LBound(Vec1) = 0 Then
temp = UBound(Vec2)
ReDim Preserve Vec1(1 To (temp + 1))
End If
If LBound(Vec2) = 0 Then
tempuno = UBound(Vec2)
ReDim Preserve Vec2(1 To (temp + 1))
End If
If temp <> tempuno Then
Exit Function
End If
ReDim Preserve Result(1 To UBound(Vec1))
'Debug.Print Vec1(1, 1)
For ii = 1 To UBound(Vec1)
Result(ii) = Vec1(ii) + Vec2(ii)
Next ii
End Function
Private Function ToDoubleArray( _
ByRef DoubleArray() As Double, _
ByRef VariantArray() As Variant)
If LBound(VariantArray) = 0 Then
ReDim Preserve VariantArray(1 To (UBound(VariantArray) + 1))
End If
ReDim DoubleArray(1 To UBound(VariantArray))
For ii = 1 To UBound(VariantArray)
DoubleArray(ii) = VariantArray(ii, 1)
Next ii
End Function
Private Function MatrPermStr( _
ByRef VecInput() As String, _
ByRef MatOutput() As String)
Dim Sequence As String
Dim StrPerm As String
Dim Colonne As Integer
Dim Righe As Integer
Dim ii As Integer
Dim j As Integer
' Size Variables
Colonne = UBound(VecInput)
Righe = Factorial(Colonne)
ReDim MatOutput(1 To Righe, 1 To Colonne) As String
'Start With an Empty Sequence
Sequence = ""
'Create Sequence with defined Length
For ii = 1 To Colonne
Sequence = Sequence & ii
Next ii
'Assign the permutation to the array
For j = 1 To Righe
If j = 1 Then
StrPerm = Sequence
Else
StrPerm = nextPerm(StrPerm)
End If
For ii = 1 To Colonne
MatOutput(j, ii) = VecInput(Mid(StrPerm, ii, 1))
Next ii
Next j
End Function
Private Function MatrPerm( _
ByRef VecInput() As Double, _
ByRef MatOutput() As Double, _
ByRef VecInputStr() As String, _
ByRef MatOutputStr() As String)
Dim Sequence As String
Dim StrPerm As String
Dim Colonne As Integer
Dim Righe As Integer
Dim ii As Integer
Dim j As Integer
Dim t As Integer
' Size Variables
Colonne = UBound(VecInput)
Righe = Factorial(Colonne)
ReDim MatOutput(1 To Righe, 1 To Colonne)
ReDim MatOutputStr(1 To Righe, 1 To Colonne)
'Start With an Empty Sequence
Sequence = ""
'Create Sequence with defined Length
For ii = 1 To Colonne
Sequence = Sequence & ii
Next ii
'Assign the permutation to the array
For j = 1 To Righe
If j = 1 Then
StrPerm = Sequence
Else
StrPerm = nextPerm(StrPerm)
End If
For ii = 1 To Colonne
MatOutput(j, ii) = VecInput(Mid(StrPerm, ii, 1))
MatOutputStr(j, ii) = VecInputStr(Mid(StrPerm, ii, 1))
Next ii
Next j
End Function
Private Function ToArray(ByRef someRange As Range) As Variant
Dim someValues As Variant
With someRange
If .Cells.Count = 1 Then
ReDim someValues(1 To 1)
someValues(1) = someRange.Value
ElseIf .Rows.Count = 1 Then
someValues = Application.Transpose(Application.Transpose(someRange.Value))
ElseIf .Columns.Count = 1 Then
someValues = Application.Transpose(someRange.Value)
Else
MsgBox "someRange is mutil-dimensional"
End If
End With
ToArray = someValues
End Function
Private Sub DescribeShapShub()
Dim FuncName As String
Dim FuncDesc As String
Dim Category As String
Dim ArgDesc(1 To 4) As String
FuncName = "SHAPLEYSHUBIK"
FuncDesc = "Returns Shapley-Shubik power index for a given player, given the other players' votes"
Category = 3 'Math category
ArgDesc(1) = "Range containing the player's votes (Only selected votes will be considered in the computation)"
ArgDesc(2) = "Range containing the player's names (must have the same length as ""Votes"")"
ArgDesc(3) = "Cell or String containing the player for which to compute the index"
ArgDesc(4) = "Cell or Number containing the voting threshold (e.g. 0.5 for 50%)"
Application.MacroOptions _
Macro:=FuncName, _
Description:=FuncDesc, _
Category:=Category, _
ArgumentDescriptions:=ArgDesc
End Sub
Sorry if some variables are in Italian. Also, some parts of the code have been retrieved here and there in some specialised forums, so I take no credit for the specific commands, just for the assembling :)
One last request: if anyone is able to improve this code, please share it so everybody can use it.

I am not going to answer your question exactly; but I would like to offer you a nice little function that will help solve your bigger problem. This function generates the "next" permutation of a string - where the string can contain numbers or letters, and "next" is in a lexicographical sense (see [this discussion](Generating permutations lazily
)).
What can you do with it? Well, when you want to compute anything "over all possible permutations", having a function that gives you "just the next permutation" will keep your code readable (it takes away an awful lot of housekeeping!). You can then simply say (this is pseudocode):
// initialize stuff
firstPerm = "1234"
np = nextPerm(firstPerm)
// loop over all permutations
while not np equals "done"
// update calculations on np
np = nextPerm(np)
wend
// report your results
Here is the function. It seemed to behave itself for me - even when I have multiple identical characters in the string, or a mixture of letters and numbers. Note that it treats A and a as distinct... Also note that it returns the string "done" when it is done. Obviously, if you happen to pass it the string "doen" as input, it will return "done" although it isn't done... Try to avoid that!
Function nextPerm(s As String)
' inspired by https://stackoverflow.com/questions/352203/generating-permutations-lazily
' this produces the "next" permutation
' it allows one to step through all possible iterations without having to have them
' all in memory at the same time
Dim L As Integer, ii As Integer, jj As Integer
Dim c() As Byte, temp As Byte
L = Len(s)
If StrComp(s, "**done**") = 0 Or StrComp(s, "") = 0 Then
nextPerm = ""
Exit Function
End If
' convert to byte array... more compact to manipulate
ReDim c(1 To L)
For ii = 1 To L
c(ii) = Asc(Mid(s, ii, 1))
Next ii
' find the largest "tail":
For ii = L - 1 To 1 Step -1
If c(ii) < c(ii + 1) Then Exit For
Next ii
' if we complete the loop without break, ii will be zero
If ii = 0 Then
nextPerm = "**done**"
Exit Function
End If
' find the smallest value in the tail that is larger than c(ii)
' take advantage of the fact that tail is sorted in reverse order
For jj = L To ii + 1 Step -1
If c(jj) > c(ii) Then
' swap elements
temp = c(jj)
c(jj) = c(ii)
c(ii) = temp
Exit For
End If
Next jj
' now reverse the characters from ii+1 to the end:
nextPerm = ""
For jj = 1 To ii
nextPerm = nextPerm & Chr(c(jj))
Next jj
For jj = L To ii + 1 Step -1
nextPerm = nextPerm & Chr(c(jj))
Next jj
End Function
You can test it simply by adding it to a VBA module in your spreadsheet, and saving the workbook with .xlsm extension. Then you can type =nextPerm("abcd") in cell A1, and it should give you the next permutation - "abdc". Typing =nextPerm(A1) in A2 will compute the one after that, etc. You could copy all the way down the spreadsheet, and get every value.
If you copy the cells to a range that goes beyond the last permutation, it will return "**done**" as value for the first time this happens; and when you feed it "**done**" as input, it will return blank. This makes it obvious where things stop.

Take a look at this function -- it will list all possible permutations of a set of numbers using recursion.
http://www.vb-helper.com/howto_permute.html
It's for VB6 but it should be basically working in the Excel's implementation of VBA too.
Anyway, I know I shouldn't be responding to other comments here in the answer, I'm really sorry. It's just that the author Simone S said "If anyone is interested in using the resulting function just ask me", however, there's no way to contact the person other than this. Simone, please, I've been looking for a Shapley-Shubik algorithm for hours. Could you please point me to the description of how to compute the index or the resulting function?

Related

VBA Use two 1 dimensional arrays to create 2 dimensional array and call value to populate arguments

I have 2 arrays that I want to combine into a single array of all possible combinations. I then need to loop through all of the combinations and popular arguments for a function. My arrays are not equal in size, and my attempts so far have resulted in a combined array only having 1 pair of values. This is VBA in PowerPoint, not Excel, if that makes a difference to available syntax.
How can I go from this:
arrayColor = Array("Blue","Green","Red")
arraySize = Array("XS","S","M","L","XL")
To this:
arrayCombo(0,0) = "Blue"
arrayCombo(0,1) = "XS"
arrayCombo(1,0) = "Blue"
arrayCombo(1,1) = "S"
...
arrayCombo(15,0) = "Red"
arrayCombo(15,1) = "XL"
And then use a loop to call each pair of values and populate argument values. This code just to illustrate the concept; it's certainly not legit. Pretty sure I need a nested loop here?
For i = 0 To UBound(arrayCombo(i))
nextSubToFire(color, size)
Next i
This is what I've got so far, but it only results in a single pair in my combined array. It's based on this question, but I think I'm either missing something or the sole answer there isn't quite correct. I've looked at other similar questions, but can't wrap my head around doing this with an array compiled in the code rather than the other examples all tailored to Excel.
Option Explicit
Dim arrayColorSize, arrayCombo
Sub CoreRoutine()
Dim arrayColor, arraySize
arrayColor = Array("Blue","Green","Red")
arraySize = Array("XS","S","M","L","XL")
arrayColorSize = Array(arrayColor, arraySize)
arrayCombo = Array(0, 0)
DoCombinations (0)
Dim a As Integer
Dim b As Integer
'For loop comes next once I figure out how to populate the full arrayCombo
End Sub
Sub DoCombinations(ia)
Dim i
For i = 0 To UBound(arrayColorSize(ia)) ' for each item
arrayCombo(ia) = arrayColorSize(ia)(i) ' add this item
If ia = UBound(arrayColorSize) Then
Else
DoCombinations (ia + 1)
End If
Next i
End Sub
Using the Locals window, I see arrayCombo exists, but it only has 1 pair of values in it, which is the last set of pairing options. I see that arrayColorSize has the 2 array sets as I'd expect, so I suspect the DoCombinations sub is missing something.
Any guidance much appreciated!
One way of doing this is to combine the two 1D arrays into a 2D array with 2 columns (as in your example):
Private Function Combine1DArrays(ByRef arr1 As Variant, ByRef arr2 As Variant) As Variant
If GetArrayDimsCount(arr1) <> 1 Or GetArrayDimsCount(arr2) <> 1 Then
Err.Raise 5, "Combine1DArrays", "Expected 1D arrays"
End If
'
Dim count1 As Long: count1 = UBound(arr1) - LBound(arr1) + 1
Dim count2 As Long: count2 = UBound(arr2) - LBound(arr2) + 1
Dim i As Long, j As Long, r As Long
Dim result() As Variant
'
ReDim result(0 To count1 * count2 - 1, 0 To 1)
r = 0
For i = LBound(arr1) To UBound(arr1)
For j = LBound(arr2) To UBound(arr2)
result(r, 0) = arr1(i)
result(r, 1) = arr2(j)
r = r + 1
Next j
Next i
Combine1DArrays = result
End Function
Public Function GetArrayDimsCount(ByRef arr As Variant) As Long
Const MAX_DIMENSION As Long = 60
Dim dimension As Long
Dim tempBound As Long
'
On Error GoTo FinalDimension
For dimension = 1 To MAX_DIMENSION
tempBound = LBound(arr, dimension)
Next dimension
FinalDimension:
GetArrayDimsCount = dimension - 1
End Function
You can use it like this for example:
Sub CoreRoutine()
Dim arrayColorSize As Variant
Dim i As Long
Dim color As String
Dim size As String
'
arrayColorSize = Combine1DArrays(Array("Blue", "Green", "Red") _
, Array("XS", "S", "M", "L", "XL"))
For i = LBound(arrayColorSize, 1) To UBound(arrayColorSize, 1)
color = arrayColorSize(i, 0)
size = arrayColorSize(i, 1)
NextSubToFire color, size
Next i
End Sub
Sub NextSubToFire(ByVal color As String, ByVal size As String)
Debug.Print color, size
End Sub

VBA Array Output to Excel Sheet

I am running into a problem, Although very simple but stuck up, I have a string from a cell, I split the string into characters using Mid function and store it into an array. Now I want to print the array to a different range but I am unable to do it. I've tried many different codes but all in vein.
please help.
My Code is as
Option Base 1
Function Takseer(Rg As Variant)
Dim NewArray() As Variant
Dim StrEx As String
Dim k, l, m As Integer
StrEx = Rg
StrEx = WorksheetFunction.Substitute(StrEx, " ", "")
m = Len(StrEx)
For k = 1 To m
ReDim Preserve NewArray(1 To m)
NewArray(k) = Mid(StrEx, k, 1)
Next k
Range("C1:C12") = NewArray
End Function
You have to transpose the array to put values in a column.
Option Explicit
Option Base 1
Sub test()
Call Takseer("ABCDEFGHUIJKL")
End Sub
Function Takseer(StrEx As String)
Dim NewArray() As Variant, s As String, m As Integer, k As Integer
s = Replace(StrEx, " ", "")
m = Len(s)
If m = 0 Then Exit Function
ReDim NewArray(m)
For k = 1 To m
NewArray(k) = Mid(s, k, 1)
Next k
' in a row
Sheet1.Range("C1").Resize(1, m) = NewArray
' in a column
Sheet1.Range("C2").Resize(m, 1) = WorksheetFunction.Transpose(NewArray)
End Function
Assuming the array you obtain is "Apple", "Orange", "Grape", "Durian", in order to write into worksheet you cannot directly call the variant. One way to write the value is to first get the length of your variant, then write the value from array starting from index 0, here is how I perform you expectation:
Sub test1()
Dim NewArray() As Variant
Dim i As Long, arrayLoop As Long
Dim StrEx As String
Dim k, l, m As Integer
StrEx = "Hello today is my first day"
StrEx = WorksheetFunction.Substitute(StrEx, " ", "")
m = Len(StrEx)
For k = 0 To m - 1
ReDim Preserve NewArray(m - 1)
NewArray(k) = Mid(StrEx, k + 1, 1)
Next k
i = UBound(NewArray) - LBound(NewArray) + 1
For arrayLoop = 0 To i - 1
Sheet1.Range("A" & arrayLoop + 1).Value = NewArray(arrayLoop)
Next
End Sub
Please take note when perform array loop, you have to minus the length by 1, else it will be out of range, the reason is that array index always start from zero based (0)
And check the post for how to obtain length of array Get length of array?
Some problems with your function:
A formula returns a value. It is not used to alter other properties/cells of a worksheet.
Hence you should set your results to the function; not try to write to a range
Dim k, l, m As Integer only declares m as Integer, k and l are unspecified so they will be declared as a variant.
The constructed array will be horizontal. If you want the results vertical, you need to Transpose it, or create a 2D array initially.
Option Base 1 is unnecessary since you explicitly declare the lower bound
Assuming you want to use this function on a worksheet, TestIt sets things up.
Note2: The formula on the worksheet assumes you have Excel with dynamic arrays. If you have an earlier version of Excel, you will need to have a different worksheet formula
See your modifed function and TestIt:
Modified with Transpose added to worksheet formula
Option Explicit
Function Takseer(Rg As Variant)
Dim NewArray() As Variant
Dim StrEx As String
Dim k As Long, l As Long, m As Long
StrEx = Rg
StrEx = WorksheetFunction.Substitute(StrEx, " ", "")
m = Len(StrEx)
For k = 1 To m
ReDim Preserve NewArray(1 To m)
NewArray(k) = Mid(StrEx, k, 1)
Next k
Takseer = NewArray
End Function
Sub TestIt()
[a1] = "abcdefg"
[c1].EntireColumn.Clear
[c1].Formula2 = "=Transpose(Takseer(A1))"
End Sub
Modified to create 2d vertical array
can't really use redim preserve on this array. And I prefer to avoid it anyway because of the overhead
Option Explicit
Function Takseer(Rg As Variant)
Dim NewArray() As Variant, col As Collection
Dim StrEx As String
Dim k As Long, l As Long, m As Long
StrEx = Rg
StrEx = WorksheetFunction.Substitute(StrEx, " ", "")
m = Len(StrEx)
Set col = New Collection
For k = 1 To m
col.Add Mid(StrEx, k, 1)
Next k
ReDim NewArray(1 To col.Count, 1 To 1)
For k = 1 To col.Count
NewArray(k, 1) = col(k)
Next k
Takseer = NewArray
End Function
Sub TestIt()
[a1] = "abcdefg"
[c1].EntireColumn.Clear
[c1].Formula2 = "=Takseer(A1)"
End Sub
Note:
TestIt is merely to test the function. You should enter the appropriate formula yourself, either manually or programmatically, into the destination range.
If you do not have dynamic arrays, then you would need to enter an array formula into the destination range; or a formula using the INDEX function to return each element of the array.
In TestIt, you might change the line that puts the formula onto the worksheet to Range(Cells(1, 3), Cells(Len([a1]), 3)).FormulaArray = "=Takseer(a1)", but, again, it is anticipated that you would be entering the correct formula onto your worksheet manually or programmatically anyway.

How to create an array from calculations of another array excel vba

I am new to coding and trying to learn through VBA. What I am trying to do is calculate outliers in a data set following a procedure. My trouble is trying to identify the elements in the Data Set that are furthest from the mean (the outlier) and looping that k times. Most of the code is very messy as I have been trying to find out what is wrong so ignore the MsgBox's and ugly formatting. In the last part of my code I tried taking the elements from DataSet and subtracting them from the mean and storing those values in a new array. After that I would take absolute value of the elements in the Diff array and store them in a new array (Diff2). I know I could bypass Diff2 by just taking the absolute value of the calculation of Diff. When I run the code I get the type mismatch error and after some investigation i realized that Diff (and Diff2) are not arrays. If anyone knows of how I can make Diff an array or of a better workaround for this that would be much appreciated!
Sub CalculateOutliers()
Dim n As Integer
Dim mean As Double
Dim SD As Double
Dim X As Integer
Dim k As Integer
Dim DataSet As Variant
Dim ESDPrin As Double
DataSet = Selection.Value
'Copies highlighted data into DataSet variable
'Cell A1 is (1,1) Because it starts at 0 which is out of range
n = Selection.CountLarge
'Counts number of entries
'If n < 20 Then
'MsgBox "Data set too small"
'Exit Sub
'End If
'Ends Subroutine if data set is too small for this analysis
If n < 50 Then
k = Int(n / 10)
Else
k = 5
End If
'determines k = number of possible outliers
mean = Application.WorksheetFunction.Average(DataSet)
'Calculates mean of Data Set
MsgBox mean & "Average"
SD = Application.WorksheetFunction.StDev(DataSet)
'Calculates Standard Deviation of Data Set
Dim element As Variant
Dim Diff As Variant
For Each element In DataSet
Diff = element - mean
MsgBox Diff & " Difference"
Next element
Dim P As Integer
Dim Outlier As Integer
Dim Diff2 As Variant
Diff2 = Abs(Diff)
For P = 1 To k
Outlier = UBound(Diff, 1)
MsgBox Outlier
Next P
End Sub
Here how you create the Diff Array with size n
ReDim Diff(1 To n) As Double
Dim i As Long
For Each element In DataSet
i = i + 1
Diff(i) = element - mean
Next element
However, I don't think that this is the correct way to go. There's no need for a Diff array. What you should do is, once you have calculated the mean and SD, iterate on the DataSet array itself, check for each element its absolute difference with mean, divide by stdev, and compare this ratio to some threshold (say 2 or 3) to decide whether this element is an outlier, in which case you print it out as an outlier. Something like this:
For Each element In DataSet
If abs(element - mean) / SD > 3 Then Debug.Print "outlier: " & element
Next element
I think code would be like this
Sub CalculateOutliers()
Dim n As Integer
Dim mean As Double
Dim SD As Double
Dim X As Integer
Dim k As Integer
Dim DataSet As Variant
Dim ESDPrin As Double
DataSet = Selection.Value
'Copies highlighted data into DataSet variable
'Cell A1 is (1,1) Because it starts at 0 which is out of range
n = Selection.CountLarge
'Counts number of entries
'If n < 20 Then
'MsgBox "Data set too small"
'Exit Sub
'End If
'Ends Subroutine if data set is too small for this analysis
If n < 50 Then
k = Int(n / 10)
Else
k = 5
End If
'determines k = number of possible outliers
mean = Application.WorksheetFunction.Average(DataSet)
'Calculates mean of Data Set
MsgBox mean & "Average"
SD = Application.WorksheetFunction.StDev(DataSet)
'Calculates Standard Deviation of Data Set
Dim element As Variant
Dim Diff() As Variant, Diff2() As Variant, j As Integer
For Each element In DataSet
j = j + 1
ReDim Preserve Diff(1 To j): ReDim Preserve Diff2(1 To j)
Diff(j) = element - mean
Diff2(j) = Abs(Diff(j))
MsgBox Diff(j) & " Difference"
MsgBox Diff2(j) & " Difference abs "
Next element
MsgBox UBound(Diff)
'Dim P As Integer
'Dim Outlier As Integer
'Dim Diff2 As Variant
End Sub

VB Deep Copy and Arrays

This is a console application which generates a times table with user input by asking the user to input rows and columns. I get two big errors in this code:
Value of type '1-dimensional array of 1-dimensional array of Integer' cannot be converted to '1-dimensional array of Integer' 'because '1-dimensional array of Integer' is not derived from 'Integer'
and
'jaggedArrayArray' is not declared. It may be inaccessible due to its protection level.
After some research online, I have come across two big concepts - Deep Copy and Shallow Copy - which I am still learning. I think that my main problem has to do with Sub arrayPopulateJ:
Sub arrayPopulateJ(ByVal jaggedArray() As Integer, ByVal columns As Integer, ByVal rows As Integer)
Dim i As Integer
Dim j As Integer
Dim k As Integer
Dim mult(columns) As Integer
'Populates rows in jagged array
For i = 0 To rows
jaggedArray(i) = (i + 1)
Next
'Populates columns in arrays
For i = 0 To rows
For j = 0 To columns
For k = 0 To columns
mult(k) = (j + 1) * (k + 1)
Next
Next
jaggedArray(i) = mult(columns)
Next
End Sub
If you look at the line jaggedArray(i) = mult(columns) I think I am doing what is called a shallow copy and it is making this whole thing not work. What I want to happen is I want to be able to use jaggedArray as a 1D array and put 1D arrays into its elements (in my code that would be mult(columns)). I am still new to programming and VB and I am not sure how to do this. I thought that VB would be a high enough language that the flow of logic would work this way. But as I know now that is not the case. So what can I do to pass an whole array into a array and get this to work?
FULL CODE:
Module Module1
Sub Main()
'Declarations
Dim awns As Char
Dim switchOption As Integer
Dim columns As Integer
Dim rows As Integer
Dim regularArray(,) As Integer = New Integer(,) {}
Dim jaggedArray()() As Integer = New Integer(rows)() {} 'Problem here
Dim topArray(columns) As Integer
Dim sideArray(rows) As Integer
'Starting Prompts
Console.WriteLine("Hello this program will create a times table with")
Console.WriteLine("user inputs in terms of rows and columns.")
Console.WriteLine("Pick between these two options.")
Console.WriteLine("Option 1: Times table with a regular array.")
Console.WriteLine("Option 2: Times table with a jagged array.")
Do
Console.Write("Which option do you want? ")
switchOption = Console.ReadLine
Console.WriteLine("How many columns do you want? ")
columns = Console.ReadLine
columns = columns - 1
Console.WriteLine("How many rows do you want? ")
rows = Console.ReadLine
rows = rows - 1
Console.Write(vbNewLine)
'ReDim's
ReDim regularArray(columns, rows)
ReDim jaggedArray(rows)
ReDim topArray(columns)
ReDim sideArray(rows)
Select Case switchOption
Case 1
'Array populations
arrayPopulate(regularArray, columns, rows)
singlePopulate(topArray, columns)
singlePopulate(sideArray, rows)
Dim i As Integer
Dim j As Integer
Console.Write(" ")
For j = 0 To columns
Dim top As String = topArray(j)
Console.Write(top.PadLeft(3) + ": ")
Next
Console.Write(vbNewLine)
For j = 0 To rows
Dim side As String = sideArray(j)
Console.Write(side.PadLeft(3) + ": ")
For i = 0 To columns
Dim num As String = regularArray(i, j)
Console.Write(num.PadLeft(3) + ": ")
Next
Console.Write(vbNewLine)
Next
Case 2
'Array populations
arrayPopulateJ(jaggedArray, columns, rows) 'Problem here
singlePopulate(topArray, columns)
singlePopulate(sideArray, rows)
Dim i As Integer
Dim j As Integer
Console.Write(" ")
For j = 0 To columns
Dim top As String = topArray(j)
Console.Write(top.PadLeft(3) + ": ")
Next
Console.Write(vbNewLine)
For j = 0 To rows
Dim side As String = sideArray(j)
Console.Write(side.PadLeft(3) + ": ")
Dim num As String = jaggedArrayArray(j) 'Problem here
Console.Write(num.PadLeft(3))
Console.Write(vbNewLine)
Next
End Select
Console.WriteLine("Do you want to run again y/n?")
awns = Console.ReadLine()
Loop Until awns = "n"
End Sub
Sub arrayPopulateJ(ByVal jaggedArray() As Integer, ByVal columns As Integer, ByVal rows As Integer)
Dim i As Integer
Dim j As Integer
Dim k As Integer
Dim mult(columns) As Integer
ReDim mult(columns)
'Populates rows in jagged array
For i = 0 To rows
jaggedArray(i) = (i + 1)
Next
'Populates columns in arrays
For i = 0 To rows
For j = 0 To columns
For k = 0 To columns
mult(k) = (j + 1) * (k + 1)
Next
Next
jaggedArray(i) = mult(columns)
Next
End Sub
Sub arrayPopulate(ByVal regularArray(,) As Integer, ByVal columns As Integer, ByVal rows As Integer)
'Local Declarations
Dim i As Integer
Dim j As Integer
Dim mult As Integer
For i = 0 To rows
For j = 0 To columns
mult = (i + 1) * (j + 1)
regularArray(j, i) = mult
Next
Next
End Sub
Sub singlePopulate(ByVal topArray() As Integer, ByRef count As Integer)
'Local Declarations
Dim i As Integer
Dim pop As Integer
For i = 0 To count
pop = (i + 1)
topArray(i) = pop
Next
End Sub
End Module
There is no "deep" or "shallow" copy issue here. That's a red herring.
Your first problem was that you had jaggedArrayArray in your code, but the variable was declared as jaggedArray.
The next problem that arrayPopulateJ was expecting the first parameter to be of type Integer() when it should have been Integer()().
Fixing both of this it was then just an easy matter of writing arrayPopulateJ to be:
Sub arrayPopulateJ(ByVal jaggedArray()() As Integer, ByVal columns As Integer, ByVal rows As Integer)
For i = 0 To rows
Dim column(columns) As Integer
jaggedArray(i) = column
For j = 0 To columns
jaggedArray(i)(j) = (i + 1) * (j + 1)
Next
Next
End Sub
I also cleaned up arrayPopulate to be:
Sub arrayPopulate(ByVal regularArray(,) As Integer, ByVal columns As Integer, ByVal rows As Integer)
For i = 0 To rows
For j = 0 To columns
regularArray(j, i) = (i + 1) * (j + 1)
Next
Next
End Sub
I ran your code at that point and it worked.

bad number of element in dynamic array with for each loop

I don't understand why for each loop in vba doesn't return the good number of element when i use dynamic array.
For exemple, my array size is 4, and i have 5 iteration in for each loop ...
Public Sub test()
Dim t_direction() As String
Dim t_nextDirection() As String
Dim myDirection As Variant
Dim test As Integer
Var = 0
ReDim t_direction(4)
t_direction(0) = "N"
t_direction(1) = "S"
t_direction(2) = "E"
t_direction(3) = "W"
t_nextDirection = randomizeArray(t_direction)
For Each myDirection In t_nextDirection
Var = Var + 1
Next myDirection
MsgBox (UBound(t_nextDirection))
MsgBox (Var)
End Sub
Public Function randomizeArray(ByVal t_array As Variant) As String()
Dim i As Integer
Dim j As Integer
Dim tmp As String
Dim numItems As Integer
numItems = UBound(t_array) - 1
' Randomize the array.
For i = 0 To numItems
' Pick a random entry.
j = Rand(0, numItems)
' Swap the numbers.
tmp = t_array(i)
t_array(i) = t_array(j)
t_array(j) = tmp
Next i
'MsgBox (UBound(t_array))
randomizeArray = t_array
End Function
Public Function Rand(ByVal Low As Long, _
ByVal High As Long) As Integer
Rand = Int((High - Low + 1) * Rnd) + Low
End Function
At the moment you are creating a 5 element array with
ReDim t_direction(4)
as the first element occurs as t_direction(0)
You should either
create a 4 element array ReDim t_direction(3) (ie 0 to 3) and then use numItems consistent with that, or
create a 4 element array ReDim t_direction with a base of 1 (ie 1 to 4) and then use numItems consistent with that (ie numItems = UBound(t_array)). The Option Base 1 below forces the first element to be 1 (which is then ensured anyow by using ReDim t_direction(1 To 4)
The code below uses the later approach. It returns 4 and 4 rather than your current 4 and 5
Option Base 1
Public Sub test()
Dim t_direction() As String
Dim t_nextDirection() As String
Dim myDirection As Variant
Dim test As Integer
Var = 0
ReDim t_direction(1 To 4)
t_direction(1) = "N"
t_direction(2) = "S"
t_direction(3) = "E"
t_direction(4) = "W"
t_nextDirection = randomizeArray(t_direction)
For Each myDirection In t_nextDirection
Var = Var + 1
Next myDirection
MsgBox (UBound(t_nextDirection))
MsgBox (Var)
End Sub
Public Function randomizeArray(ByVal t_array As Variant) As String()
Dim i As Integer
Dim j As Integer
Dim tmp As String
Dim numItems As Integer
numItems = UBound(t_array)
' Randomize the array.
For i = 1 To numItems
' Pick a random entry.
j = Rand(1, numItems)
' Swap the numbers.
tmp = t_array(i)
t_array(i) = t_array(j)
t_array(j) = tmp
Next i
'MsgBox (UBound(t_array))
randomizeArray = t_array
End Function
Public Function Rand(ByVal Low As Long, _
ByVal High As Long) As Integer
Rand = Int((High - Low + 1) * Rnd) + Low
End Function
ReDim t_direction(4) actually declares t_direction as 0 To 4
Its better to be explicit:
ReDim t_direction(0 To 3)
In the absence of a specified lower bound (using the To clause), then the default lower bound is used.
This default can be set to 0 or 1 by using Option Base {0|1} at module level.
In the absence of Option Base then the default default is 0
Notes:
In VBA you are not limited to 0 or 1 as the lower bound, you can use any value you want.
To iterate over an array use
For i = LBound(arr) To UBound(arr)
To calculate the number of items in an array use
numItems = UBound(arr) - LBound(arr) + 1
This way you are not making any assumptions on what the lower bound is

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