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C programming print a certain amount of bytes to screen
I would like to read partSize amount of bytes from one file, which can be of any type, and print that same exact amount that was read to a new file which already exists. The program I wrote seems to write less than it is suppose to and gives a segmentation fault.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#define PERMS 0777
#include <errno.h>
int main()
{
int createDescriptor;
int openDescriptorOriginal;
int closeCreateDescriptor;
char fileNameOriginal[15]="picture.jpg";
//char fileNameOriginal[15]="myFile.txt";
//char fileNameNew[15]="NEWFILE.txt";
char fileName[15]="NEWFILE.jpg";
int parts;
int partSize;
parts=2;
int bytesRemaining;
int partNumber;
char BUFFER[512];
int readDescriptor;
int openDescriptor;
if ((openDescriptorOriginal = open(fileNameOriginal, O_RDONLY )) == -1)
{
printf("Error opening %s", fileNameOriginal);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
struct stat buf;
int r = fstat(openDescriptorOriginal, &buf);
if(r)
{
fprintf(stderr, "error: fstat: %s\n",(char *)strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
int originalFileSize=buf.st_size;
printf("The file is %d Bytes large.\n",originalFileSize);
partSize=((originalFileSize+parts)-1)/parts;
printf("Each part is %.9f Kilobytes large.\n",(double)partSize/1024 );
partNumber=1;
printf("Part number: %d\n", partNumber);
if ((openDescriptor = open(fileName, O_WRONLY )) == -1)
{
printf("Error creating %s\n", fileName);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
ssize_t count, total;
total = 0;
char *bufff = BUFFER;
while (partSize) {
count = read(openDescriptorOriginal, bufff, partSize);
if (count < 0) {
// handle error
break;
}
if (count == 0)
break;
bufff += count;
total += count;
partSize -= count;
}
write (openDescriptor, BUFFER, total);
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
Some initial problems:
add the CREAT flag to your open() in case the file isn't there.
partSize should not be adjusted
Take out the line where you adjust partSize and it should work.
int bytesReceived;
.... open files ....
while ((bytesReceived = read(openDescriptorOriginal, BUFFER, sizeof(BUFFER)) > 0) {
if (bytesReceived != write(openDescriptor, BUFFER, bytesReceived) {
printError(...);
}
}
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hi i want to Write a command that reads a string from a file using the Linux kernel functions, and then writes the string with the largest length in the second file./ its in c /
But I have a problem with the fact that first, the program takes the string from the input, not from the file that is in the system, and the second is that it displays the output instead of the second file.
I did a lot of work but I could not do it if you can correct the code for me
/* Trivial file copy program using low-level I/O */
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define BSIZE 16384
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
void main()
{
int fin, fout; /* Input and output handles */
char buf[BSIZE];
int count;
if ((fin = open("foo", O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
perror("foo");
exit(1);
}
if ((fout = open("bar", O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0644)) < 0) {
perror("bar");
exit(2);
}
while ((count = read(fin, buf, BSIZE)) > 0)
{
char string[100], word[20], max[20], min[20], c;
int i = 0, j = 0, flag = 0;
printf("Enter string: ");
i = 0;
do
{
fflush(stdin);
c = getchar();
string[i++] = c;
} while (c != '\n');
string[i - 1] = '\0';
for (i = 0; i < strlen(string); i++)
{
while (i < strlen(string) && !isspace(string[i]) && isalnum(string[i]))
{
word[j++] = string[i++];
}
if (j != 0)
{
word[j] = '\0';
if (!flag)
{
flag = !flag;
strcpy(max, word);
strcpy(min, word);
}
if (strlen(word) > strlen(max))
{
strcpy(max, word);
}
if (strlen(word) < strlen(min))
{
strcpy(min, word);
}
j = 0;
}
}
printf("The largest word is '%s' and smallest word is '%s' in '%s'.\n", max, min, string);
return 0;
}
write(fout, buf, count);
close(fin);
close(fout);
}
There are several issues here, but you're basically reading from standard input when you shouldn't be. In fact more than half of that code is unnecessary.
I have a small example here, that sticks to the wording of your original question and at least shows what part of the code needs cutting:
/* Find the longest word in a text file (foo) and write that word out to another file (bar) */
/* A word is a group of characters delimited by white space */
/* A word is shorter than 16384 characters */
/* We are trying to use low-level system functions (e.g. open, close, read, write) */
/* instead of standard library functions (e.g. fopen, fclose, fread, fwrite) */
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define BSIZE 16384
/* read a single word from a file */
static int read_word(int fd, char *buf)
{
int i = 0;
char c = 0;
int bytes = read(fd, &c, 1); /* extract a single character */
while (isspace(c) && bytes != 0) /* skip whitespace */
bytes = read(fd, &c, 1);
while (!isspace(c) && bytes != 0) {
buf[i++] = c; /* store character */
bytes = read(fd, &c, 1);
}
return i; /* return number of characters read */
}
int main()
{
int fin = open("foo", O_RDONLY);
if (fin < 0) {
perror("foo");
exit(1);
}
int fout = open("bar", O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0644);
if (fout < 0) {
perror("bar");
exit(2);
}
char buf[BSIZE] = {0};
char largest[BSIZE] = {0};
int bytes = 0;
int count = 0;
do {
bytes = read_word(fin, buf); /* read next word */
if (bytes > count) {
strncpy(largest, buf, BSIZE - 1); /* preserve largest word seen so far */
count = bytes;
}
memset(buf, 0, BSIZE);
} while (bytes > 0);
write(fout, largest, count); /* write largest word to file */
close(fin);
close(fout);
printf ("\nLargest word found was %s # %d characters length.\n", largest, count);
return 0;
}
I am currently writing a small dummy program to try and get the hang of properly using the read in c. I made a small function called readdata to read from the file descriptor and store in a buffer then return the number of bytes read. My problem is I am trying to correctly error handle and trap things so that there is no buffer overflow but I keep doing something from.
Here is the tester:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define BUFSIZE 10
int readdata(int fd, char *buf, int bsize);
int main(void) {
char buf[BUFSIZE];
int returnval;
int length;
returnval = readdata(STDIN_FILENO, buf, BUFSIZE);
printf("%s",buf);
length = strlen(buf);
fprintf(stderr,"The return value is %d\n", returnval);
fprintf(stderr,"The string is %s\n",buf);
fprintf(stderr,"The length of the string is %d\n",length);
return 0;
}
Here is the small function:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int readdata(int fd, char *buf, int bufsize){
int n = 0;
if(fd < 0){
return 1;
}
while((n=read(fd,buf,(bufsize-1)))>0){
if(n == -1) {
perror( "Read failed" );
return 1;
}
else{
buf[bufsize] = 0;
return n;
}
}
}
If I run
cc -o test test.c readdata.c
And then put
echo "Hello" | ./test
It works fine. But if I pass the bufsize limit like this:
echo "1234567891" | ./getdatatest
It gives me this weird output where it says "the string is 123456789[some weird symbol]" . So I am not sure where to handle this error or why it is still incorrectly putting in the buffer when reading.
You do know that read() can return less characters than you requested? Also, buf[bufsize] is just past the end of buf. Your readdata function should also return something like -1 on error instead of 1 so you can distinguish the condition “one byte read” from “IO error.”
Consider something like this:
for (;;) {
n = read(fd, buf, (bufsize - 1));
if(n == -1) {
perror( "Read failed" );
return -1;
} else {
buf[n] = 0;
return n;
}
}
So I want to make a file named genData.c that when executed for example: ./genData filename.txt will write 1 character to that file 1000 times.
In essence creating a 1kb file.
I would like to be able to modify the for loop, say 100000 times, to generate a 1MB file and so on.
Here is what I have tried and it compiles but when executed causes a segmentation fault.
Any suggestions? Sorry C is a language I've never dabbled in.
#include <stdio.h>
int main (int argc, char *argv) {
char ch = 'A';
FILE *fp;
fp = fopen(argv[1], "wb");
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
fwrite(&ch, sizeof(char), 1, fp);
}
fclose(fp);
return 0;
}
If you compile with warnings, you get a hint as to the exact problem:
test.c:3:5: warning: second argument of ‘main’ should be ‘char **’ [-Wmain]
int main (int argc, char *argv) {
^
All your troubles start downstream of this error. Fix this argument, and your code will work.
In the future, get into the habit of compiling with warnings turned on:
$ gcc -Wall foo.c
...
This will help catch typos and other oddities that will cause problems.
Since you tagged it Linux, this is how you can do it with the system-level functions (this should be a correct, most efficient way to do it):
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sysexits.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <string.h>
ssize_t /* Write "n" bytes to a descriptor */
writen(int fd, const void *ptr, size_t n);
int
main (int argc, char** argv) {
char buf[1000];
memset(buf, 'A', sizeof(buf));
int fd;
if((fd = open(argv[1], O_WRONLY|O_CREAT, 0666))<0){
perror(argv[1]);
exit(EX_NOPERM);
}
ssize_t left = writen(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
if(left)
perror("write error\n");
return !!left;
}
ssize_t /* Write "n" bytes to a descriptor */
writen(int fd, const void *ptr, size_t n) {
size_t nleft;
ssize_t nwritten;
nleft = n;
while (nleft > 0) {
if ((nwritten = write(fd, ptr, nleft)) < 0) {
if (nleft == n)
return(-1); /* error, return -1 */
else
break; /* error, return amount written so far */
} else if (nwritten == 0) {
break;
}
nleft -= nwritten;
ptr += nwritten;
}
return(n - nleft); /* return >= 0 */
}
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define SIZE_OF_FILE 1024
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
FILE *fdest;
char ch = '\n';
if(argc != 2)
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
fdest = fopen(argv[1], "wb");
if (fdest == NULL)
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
fseek(fdest, SIZE_OF_FILE - 1, SEEK_CUR);
fwrite(&ch, sizeof(char), 1, fdest);
fclose(fdest);
return 0;
}
In essence creating a 1kb file
if the only purpose is creating a file with sizeof x, it is more simple i belive.
I am trying to read data from 2 named pipe and write it to another named pipe concatenating the content from 2 inputs. But why my output only shows the string from first input?
Here is my code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define MAX_REC_SIZE 1024
int open_fifo(char *name, int mode) {
mode = mode == O_RDONLY ? (O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK): mode;
int fd;
if (access(name, F_OK) == -1) {
if(mkfifo(name, 0777) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not create fifo %s\n", name);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
fd = open(name, mode);;
return fd;
}
void read_fifo(int fd, char *out_r) {
memset (out_r, '\0', MAX_REC_SIZE);
do {
if(read(fd, out_r, MAX_REC_SIZE) > 0) {
out_r = strtok(out_r, "\n");
return;
}
} while (1);
}
void write_fifo(int fd, char *out_w) {
write(fd, out_w, sizeof(out_w));
}
int main()
{
int pipe_fd[3], i;
char *pipe_nm[] = {"./in_pipe_1", "./in_pipe_2", "./out_pipe_1"};
int read_mode = O_RDONLY;
int write_mode = O_WRONLY;
char out[MAX_REC_SIZE];
char out_store[MAX_REC_SIZE];
for(i=0; i<3; i++) {
pipe_fd[i] = open_fifo(pipe_nm[i], i == 2 ? write_mode : read_mode);
}
read_fifo(pipe_fd[0], out);
strcpy(out_store, out);
read_fifo(pipe_fd[1], out);
strcat(out_store, out);
strcat(out_store, "\n");
write_fifo(pipe_fd[2], out_store);
return 0;
}
A suspicious part of your code is:
write(fd, out_w, sizeof(out_w))
Here, out_w is not an array, and the sizeof operator would yield the size of a char * pointer, not the length of the block.
You should pass the length of out_store to your write_fifo function.
Also, I'm not really sure what your intent is when using the strtok function.
need some advice on this one as im struggling abit and cannot figure it out.
i have a file that gets updated on a PC to indicate a system ran and what time it ran. i am writing a very simple linux console app (will eventually be a nagios plugin). that reads this file and responds depending on what it found within the file.
i am a total newbie to programming on Linux and using C so please be patient and if you would explain any answers it would really be appreciated.
basically i want to convert a char array containing 5 characters into an integer, however the 5th char in the array is always a letter. so technically all i want to-do is convert the first 4 chars in the array to a integer... how?? ive tried multiple ways with no success, my problem is that presently i do not have a good grasp of the language so have no real ideas on what it can and cannot do.
here is the source to my program.
basically the buf array will be holding a string taken from the file that will look something like this
3455Y (the number will be random but always 4 chars long).
Sorry for the poor formatting of the code, but i cannot get this stupid window for love nor money to format it correctly....
include <fcntl.h>
include <unistd.h>
include <stdio.h>
include <stdlib.h>
include <time.h>
include <string.h>
define COPYMODE 0644
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int i, nRead, fd;
int source;
int STATE_OK = 0;
int STATE_WARNING = 1;
int STATE_CRITICAL = 2;
int STATE_UNKNOWN = 3;
int system_paused = 0;
char buf[5];
int testnumber;
if((fd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY)) == -1)
{
printf("failed open : %s", argv[1]);
return STATE_UNKNOWN;
}
else
{
nRead = read(fd, buf, 5);
}
close(source);
if (buf[4] == 'P')
{
printf("Software Paused");
return STATE_WARNING;
}
else
{
return STATE_OK;
}
time_t ltime; /* calendar time */
struct tm *Tm;
ltime=time(NULL); /* get current cal time */
Tm=localtime(<ime);
int test;
test = Tm->tm_hour + Tm->tm_min;
printf("%d", test);
printf("%d", strtoi(buf));
}
You can use sscanf to do the job:
int num = 0;
sscanf(buf, "%4d", &num);
Then num should hold the number from the line in the file.
You can use atoi
atoi requires one char * argument and returns an int.
If the string is empty, or first character isn't a number or a minus sign, then atoi returns 0.If atoi encounters a non-number character, it returns the number formed up until that point
int num = atoi(buf);
if you want to convert the first four characters of a string to an integer do this:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdint.h>
uint8_t convertFirstFourChars(char * str, uint32_t *value){
char tmp[5] = {0};
strncpy((char *) tmp, str, 4);
*value = strtoul(tmp);
return errno;
}
then call / test this function like this
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char **argv){
char test1[5] = "1234A";
char test2[5] = "ABCDE";
uint32_t val = 0;
if(convertFirstFourChars((char *) test1, &val) == 0){
printf("conversion of %s succeeded, value = %ld\n", test1, val);
}
else{
printf("conversion of %s failed!\n", test1);
}
if(convertFirstFourChars((char *) test2, &val) == 0){
printf("conversion succeeded of %s, value = %ld\n", test2, val);
}
else{
printf("conversion of %s failed!\n", test2);
}
return 0;
}
FWIW, don't use atoi(...) because it converts any string to an integer regardless of its validity as a number. atoi("foo") === 0.
this is as much of your code as I was able to recover from the formatting:
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
#define COPYMODE 0644
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int i, nRead, fd;
int source;
int STATE_OK = 0;
int STATE_WARNING = 1;
int STATE_CRITICAL = 2;
int STATE_UNKNOWN = 3;
int system_paused = 0;
char buf[5];
int testnumber;
if((fd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY)) == -1)
{
printf("failed open : %s", argv[1]);
return STATE_UNKNOWN;
}
else
{
nRead = read(fd, buf, 5);
}
close(source);
if (buf[4] == 'P')
{
printf("Software Paused");
return STATE_WARNING;
} else {
return STATE_OK;
}
time_t ltime; /* calendar time /
struct tm Tm;
ltime=time(NULL); / get current cal time */
Tm=localtime(<ime);
int test;
test = Tm->tm_hour + Tm->tm_min;
printf("%d", test);
printf("%d", strtoi(buf));
}
this is the version that does what you specified:
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
#define COPYMODE 0644
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int i, nRead, fd;
int source;
int STATE_OK = 0;
int STATE_WARNING = 1;
int STATE_CRITICAL = 2;
int STATE_UNKNOWN = 3;
int system_paused = 0;
char buf[5];
int testnumber;
if((fd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY)) == -1)
{
printf("failed open : %s", argv[1]);
return STATE_UNKNOWN;
}
else
{
nRead = read(fd, buf, 5);
}
close(source);
if (buf[4] == 'P')
{
printf("Software Paused");
return STATE_WARNING;
}/* else {
return STATE_OK;
buf[4] = 0;
} */
time_t ltime; /* calendar time */
struct tm *Tm;
ltime=time(NULL); /* get current cal time */
Tm=localtime(<ime);
int test;
test = Tm->tm_hour + Tm->tm_min;
printf("%d\n", test);
printf("%d\n", atoi(buf));
}
The biggest problem with your code was the if statement with the returns in each branch, insuring that nothing after the if statement was ever executed.