I'm trying to store different values that are taken from a file line by line. The lines in the text file read as something shown below
100000,player1,long title name
300000,someotherplayer,another long title name
45512845,thisplayer,one more long title name
I want to store each value that is comma separated into three different arrays, (int)number, (str)player_name, (str)title_name.
I have some code below, but it doesn't compile.
ptr_file=fopen("text.txt", "r");
char buffer[1000];
int line;
line = 0;
while(fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), ptr_file) != NULL){
char number[line]=strtok(buffer, ",");
char player_name[line]=strtok(NULL, ",");
char title_name[line]=strtrok(NULL, ",");
}
Can someone give me some advice on this?
So, there are a couple of issues with your code,
You open the file in mode "o" which I'm not really sure what it is, I suspect you want "r"
strtok returns a char * which you cannot assign to a char[].
One the second run through the loop you will overwrite the data in buffer.
I would do something like this:
struct player {
int number;
char player_name[64];
char title_name[256];
};
int main(void) {
FILE *ptrfile=fopen("text.txt", "r");
char buffer[1000];
int line;
struct player players[16];
line = 0;
if(ptrfile==NULL) return 0;
while(fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), ptrfile) != NULL){
if(strcmp(buffer, "") == 0) return 0;
char *number=strtok(buffer, ",");
char *player_name=strtok(NULL, ",");
char *title_name=strtok(NULL, ",");
players[line].number=atoi(number);
strcpy(players[line].player_name, player_name);
strcpy(players[line].title_name, title_name);;
line++;
}
fclose(ptrfile);
return 0
}
function strtok return a pointer, so it should be
char* p = strtok(...)
Check the reference here
This is something I did that was similar to what you seem to be doing. The problem you will find is that you want to make each value into a char* but you have to malloc each one then you can connect this char* into the array. It would also just be easier to do that with the numbers to then turn them into int later on.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
char *msg[100];
char temp[100];
int length, i;
int num = 0;
while((scanf("%s", &temp[0]) != EOF))
{
length = strlen(temp);
msg[num] = malloc((length+1 )* sizeof(char));
strcpy(msg[num], temp);
num++;
}
printf("There are %d words in the this input.\n", num);
for(i = 0; i < num; i++)
{
printf("%s\n", msg[i]);
}
return 0;
}
The thing with the malloc is that you will have to have each one unique because the words are all different sizes. I know this example isn't exactly what your doing but it will get you in the right direction.
Related
I have a hard time understanding how you process ascii files in c. I have no problem opening files and closing them or reading files with one value on each line. However, when the data is separated with characters, I really don't understand what the code is doing at a lower level.
Example: I have a file containing names separated with comas that looks like this:
"MARY","PATRICIA","LINDA","BARBARA","ELIZABETH","JENNIFER"
I have created an array to store them:
char names[6000][20];
And now, my code to process it is while (fscanf(data, "\"%s\",", names[index]) != EOF) { index++; }
The code executes for the 1st iteration and names[0] contains the whole file.
How can I separate all the names?
Here is the full code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
char names[6000][20]; // an array to store 6k names of max length 19
FILE * data = fopen("./022names.txt", "r");
int index = 0;
int nbNames;
while (fscanf(data, "\"%s\",", names[index]) != EOF) {
index++;
}
nbNames = index;
fclose(data);
printf("%d\n", index);
for (index=0; index<nbNames; index++) {
printf("%s \n", names[index]);
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
PS: I am thinking this might also be because of the data structure of my array.
If you want a simple solution, you can read the file character by character using fgetc. Since there are no newlines in the file, just ignore quotation marks and move to the next index when you find a comma.
char names[6000][20]; // an array to store 6k names of max length 19
FILE * data = fopen("./022names.txt", "r");
int name_count = 0, current_name_ind = 0;
int c;
while ((c = fgetc(data)) != EOF) {
if (c == ',') {
names[name_count][current_name_ind] = '\0';
current_name_ind = 0;
++name_count;
} else if (c != '"') {
names[name_count][current_name_ind] = c;
++current_name_ind;
}
}
names[name_count][current_name_ind] = '\0';
fclose(data);
"The code executes for the 1st iteration and names[0] contains the whole file...., How can I separate all the names?"
Regarding the first few statements:
char names[6000][20]; // an array to store 6k names of max length 19
FILE * data = fopen("./022names.txt", "r");
What if there are there are 6001 names. Or one of the names has more than 20 characters?
Or what if there are way less than 6000 names?
The point is that with some effort to enumerate the tasks you have listed, and some time mapping out what information is needed to create the code that matches your criteria, you can create a better product: The following is derived from your post:
Process ascii files in c
Read file content that is separated by characters
input is a comma separated file, with other delimiters as well
Choose a method best suited to parse a file of variable size
As mentioned in the comments under your question there are ways to create your algorithms in such way as to flexibly allow for extra long names, or for a variable number of names. This can be done using a few C standard functions commonly used in parsing files. ( Although fscanf() has it place, it is not the best option for parsing file contents into array elements.)
The following approach performs the following steps to accomplish the user needs enumerated above
Read file to determine number of, and longest element
Create array sized to contain exact contents of file using count of elements and longest element using variable length array (VLA)
Create function to parse file contents into array. (using this technique of passing VLA as function argument.)
Following is a complete example of how to implement each of these, while breaking the tasks into functions when appropriate...
Note, code below was tested using the following input file:
names.txt
"MARY","PATRICIA","LINDA","BARBARA","ELIZABETH","JENNIFER",
"Joseph","Bart","Daniel","Stephan","Karen","Beth","Marcia",
"Calmazzothoulumus"
.
//Prototypes
int count_names(const char *filename, size_t *count);
size_t filesize(const char *fn);
void populateNames(const char *fn, int longest, char arr[][longest]);
char *filename = ".\\names.txt";
int main(void)
{
size_t count = 0;
int longest = count_names(filename, &count);
char names[count][longest+1];//VLA - See linked info
// +1 is room for null termination
memset(names, 0, sizeof names);
populateNames(filename, longest+1, names);
return 0;
}
//populate VLA with names in file
void populateNames(const char *fn, int longest, char names[][longest])
{
char line[80] = {0};
char *delim = "\",\n ";
char *tok = NULL;
FILE * fp = fopen(fn, "r");
if(fp)
{
int i=0;
while(fgets(line, sizeof line, fp))
{
tok = strtok(line, delim);
while(tok)
{
strcpy(names[i], tok);
tok = strtok(NULL, delim);
i++;
}
}
fclose(fp);
}
}
//passes back count of tokens in file, and return longest token
int count_names(const char *filename, size_t *count)
{
int len=0, lenKeep = 0;
FILE *fp = fopen(filename, "r");
if(fp)
{
char *tok = NULL;
char *delim = "\",\n ";
int cnt = 0;
size_t fSize = filesize(filename);
char *buf = calloc(fSize, 1);
while(fgets(buf, fSize, fp)) //goes to newline for each get
{
tok = strtok(buf, delim);
while(tok)
{
cnt++;
len = strlen(tok);
if(lenKeep < len) lenKeep = len;
tok = strtok(NULL, delim);
}
}
*count = cnt;
fclose(fp);
free(buf);
}
return lenKeep;
}
//return file size in bytes (binary read)
size_t filesize(const char *fn)
{
size_t size = 0;
FILE*fp = fopen(fn, "rb");
if(fp)
{
fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_END);
size = ftell(fp);
fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_SET);
fclose(fp);
}
return size;
}
You can use the in-built strtok() function which is easy to use.
I have used the tok+1 instead of tok to omit the first " and strlen(tok) - 2 to omit the last ".
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
char names[6000][20]; // an array to store 6k names of max length 19
FILE * data = fopen("./022names.txt", "r");
int index = 0;
int nbNames;
char *str = (char*)malloc(120000*sizeof(char));
while (fscanf(data, "%s", str) != EOF) {
char *tok = strtok(str, ",");
while(tok != 0){
strncpy(names[index++], tok+1, strlen(tok)-2);
tok = strtok(0, ",");
}
}
nbNames = index;
fclose(data);
free(str); // just to free the memory occupied by the str variable in the heap.
printf("%d\n", index);
for (index=0; index<nbNames; index++) {
printf("%s \n", names[index]);
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
Also, the parameter 120000 is just the maximum number of characters that can be in the file. It is just 6000 * 20 as you mentioned.
I am new to C and am getting very frustrated with learning this language. Currently I'm trying to write a program that reads in a program textfile, reads and prints all the string literals, and tokens each on separate line. I have most of it except for one snag. within the text file there is a line such as: (..text..). I need to be able to search, read and print all the text is inside the parentheses on it's own line. Here is an idea I have so far:
#define KEY 32
#define BUFFER_SIZE 500
FILE *fp, *fp2;
int main()
{
char ch, buffer[BUFFER_SIZE], operators[] = "+-*%=", separators[] = "(){}[]<>,";
char *pus;
char source[200 + 1];
int i, j = 0, k = 0;
char *words = NULL, *word = NULL, c;
fp = fopen("main.txt", "r");
fp2 = fopen ("mynewfile.txt","w") ;
while ((ch = fgetc(fp)) != EOF)
{
// pus[k++] = ch;
if( ch == '(')
{
for ( k = 0;, k < 20, K++){
buffer[k] = ch;
buffer[k] = '\0';
}
printf("%s\n", buffer)
}
....
The textfile is this:
#include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
for (int i = 0; i < argc; ++i)
{
printf("argv[%d]: %s\n", i, argv[i]);
}
}
So far I've been able to read char by char and place it into a buffer. But this idea just isn't working, and I'm stumped. I've tried dabbling with strcopy(), ands strtok, but they all take char arrays. Any ideas would be appreciated thank you.
Most likely the best way would be to use fgets() with a file to read in each line as a string (char array) and then delimit that string. See the short example below:
char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
int current_line = 0;
//Continually read in lines until nothing is left...
while(fgets(buffer, BUFFER_SIZE - 1, fp) != NULL)
{
//Line from file is now in buffer. We can delimit it.
char copy[BUFFER_SIZE];
//Copy as strtok will overwrite a string.
strcpy(copy, buffer);
printf("Line: %d - %s", current_line, buffer); //Print the line.
char * found = strtok(copy, separators); //Will delmit based on the separators.
while(found != NULL)
{
printf("%s", found);
found = strtok(NULL, separators);
}
current_line++;
}
strtok will return a char pointer to where the first occurrence of a delimiter is. It will replace the delimiter with the null terminator, thereby making "new" string. We can pass NULL to strtok to tell it to continue where it left off. Using this, we can parse line by line from a file based on multiple delimiters. You could save these individual string or evaluate them further.
I am trying to return an array of strings that are taken from a file. The file looks like this (first line is number of words, and every new line is word). I get some weird output in main part when functions are over. I want to return pointer to array of strings. Note that some part of code that uses printing is for checking my program.
Here is the function that allocates memory:
char *generisiProstor(int n) {
return (char*)malloc(n*sizeof(char[20]));
}
This is function for taking words from rijeci.txt and should return pointer to array of strings that contains the words:
char* ucitajRijeci(int n) {
char i;
char *rijeci;
static const char filename[] = "rijeci.txt";
FILE *file;
file = fopen(filename, "r");
if (file != NULL)
{
char line[20];
int n;
fscanf(file, "%d", &n);
rijeci = generisiProstor(n);
if (rijeci == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
int i = -1;
fgets(line, 20, file); //skipping first line witch is integer and not needed
while (fgets(line, 20, file) != NULL)
{
printf("%s\n", line); //normal output
i++;
strcpy(rijeci + i, line);
printf("%s\n", rijeci + i); //normal expected output
}
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
printf("%s\n", rijeci + i); //wrong output
}
}
return rijeci;
}
Main
int main()
{
static const char filename[] = "rijeci.txt";
FILE *file;
file = fopen(filename, "r");
char *rijeci;
int i;
if (file != NULL)
{
char line[20];
int n;
fscanf(file, "%d", &n);
rijeci = ucitajRijeci(n);
printf("Here is the array: ");
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
printf("%s ", rijeci+i); //wrong output
}
}
return 0;
}
Here you have to use 2-dimensional array (char ** instead of char *). Since you are returning 2-d array you have to declare rijeci as char **rijeci;
Return types of both functions should be also char **.
Change rijeci + i to rijeci[i].
Proper code indentation.
Try this modified code. This will work :-
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
/* generisiProstor */
char **generisiProstor(int n)
{
char **c; // making 2-d array
c = (char **)malloc(n * sizeof(char *));
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
c[i] = (char *)malloc(20 * sizeof(char));
}
return c;
}
/* ucitajRijeci */
char **ucitajRijeci(int n)
{
char **rijeci; // change to char **
static const char filename[] = "rijeci.txt";
FILE *file;
file = fopen(filename, "r");
if (file != NULL)
{
char line[20];
int n;
fscanf(file, "%d", &n);
rijeci = generisiProstor(n);
if (rijeci == NULL)
{
return NULL;
}
int i = -1;
fgets(line, 20, file); //skipping first line witch is integer and not needed
while (fgets(line, 20, file) != NULL)
{
printf("%s\n", line); //normal output
i++;
strcpy(rijeci[i], line);
printf("%s\n", rijeci[i]); //changed to rijeci[i]
}
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
printf("%s\n", rijeci[i]); //changed to rijeci[i]
}
}
return rijeci;
}
/* main() */
int main()
{
static const char filename[] = "rijeci.txt";
FILE *file;
file = fopen(filename, "r");
char **rijeci; // change to char **
int i;
if (file != NULL)
{
char line[20];
int n;
fscanf(file, "%d", &n);
rijeci = ucitajRijeci(n);
printf("Here is the array: ");
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
printf("%s ", rijeci[i]); //changed to rijeci[i]
}
}
return 0;
}
The first problem you encounter is here:
char *generisiProstor(int n) {
return (char*)malloc(n*sizeof(char[20]));
}
You want an array of char pointers, but you return a char pointer, or an array of char.
This part should be:
char **generisiProstor(int n) {
return (char**)malloc(n*sizeof(char[20]));
}
The same problem comes with char *rijeci, you are declaring it as a string or a char pointer.
You should declare it like this char **rijeci (you might want it to be char *(rigeci[20]) in this context) so this will be an array of strings.
If I get your code right another problem might come from this part:
while (fgets(line, 20, file) != NULL)
{
printf("%s\n", line); //normal output
i++;
strcpy(rijeci + i, line);
printf("%s\n", rijeci + i); //normal expected output
}
Earlier in the code, you allocate memory for n words. Here you are reading the line, placing it into line. So when you read the first line i is 0, but you increment it before copying it, so your array has its first occurence unset and you are writing the last word on unallocated memory.
This part should be:
while (fgets(line, 20, file) != NULL)
{
printf("%s\n", line); //normal output
strcpy(rijeci + i, line);
i++
printf("%s\n", rijeci + i); //normal expected output
}
If you want to return a pointer to a char array of size 20 you have to declare the function as following:
char (*generisiProstor(int n))[20]
{
return malloc(n*sizeof(char[20]));
}
The variable which holds the pointer to the arrays is declared as:
char (*rijeci)[20];
rijeci[i] is of type char[20] and you can write your strings there.
Do you know the definitions of array and string?
I'll give them to you, as given in the 2011 C-standard:
An array type describes a contiguously allocated nonempty set of objects with a particular member object type, called the element type. […]
A string is a contiguous sequence of characters terminated by and including the first null character. […]
Thus, an array is a type derived from a complete object-type, but a string is not a type but a data-structure.
You are very cast-happy. Are you sure forcing the compiler to believe you without cause is a good habit to get into? Also prefer sizeof expr over sizeof (TYPE), as it's harder to get wrong initially or out-of-sync when refactoring later.
Consider reading "Do I cast the result of malloc?".
You're allocating the correct amount of memory, but you need to change how you use it. malloc() can only return a "flat" array of characters, so the return value from generisiProstor() is a simple pointer to the first character in the whole array.
The reason it's working initially is that each string overwrites the tail end of the previous string, so when you do the print outs during the read in loop, they show correctly. But even so, the payload of your rijeci array is completely corrupt by the time you've finished reading.
One possible solution is to use a struct to hold your words:
struct Rijec
{
char rijec[20];
};
and then change generisiProstor(int n) to be this:
struct Rijeci *generisiProstor(int n)
{
return malloc(n * sizeof(struct Rijec));
}
Note that the cast is not needed in C, and indeed should be avoided.
Then, you'll need to change the top of ucitajRijeci() to look like this:
struct Rijec *ucitajRijeci(int n)
{
struct Rijec *rijeci;
...
and in all cases where you're using rijeci + i change that to rijeci[i].rijec.
The net result of this is that when you use i to index a word in the rijeci array, the offset will now be correct.
I'm having a lot of problems doing this task. I have a txt with only one line of words separated by commas. I have to read this and put it in an array.
So far i tried using strtok() but it just gives me errors. Here's my code:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<omp.h>
int main(){
char string[5000],list[200],*token,s=", ";
int i;
FILE *lista;
lista=fopen("lista.txt","r");
i=0;
token=strtok(string,s);
strcpy(list[i],token);
while(fscanf(lista,"%s",string)!=EOF){
token=strtok(NULL,s);
strcpy(list[i],token);
i=i+1;
}
fclose(lista);
}
It gives me the" expectig char *restrict" error
I'm seriously out of ideas.
BTW: I'm in Linux
There are many strange things in your code, but i guess, you want something like this:
char string[5000], *list[200], *token;
char * s = ",";
int i;
FILE *lista;
lista = fopen("C:\\File.txt", "r");
int MAX_FILE_SIZE = 1000;
char * buffer = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char)*MAX_FILE_SIZE);
fread(buffer, sizeof(char), MAX_FILE_SIZE, lista);
list[0] = strtok(buffer, s);
for (int i = 1;; i++)
{
list[i] = strtok(NULL, s);
if (list[i] == NULL)
{
break;
}
}
fclose(lista);
What is strange/wrong in your code:
You are passing char* string into strtok function, but this variable is uninitialised when passing
You have file pointer lista, but you never read from this file
You have variable list which is array of 200 chars, but i guess you want to have variable list as a list of strings
strtok eats two parameters, const char* inputString and const char* delimiter. So your variable s should be const char *
I'm new to programming,and I have a small problem.
I have a file named questions.txt containing a string of questions, I want to read the string from the file then split it into array with each question having an index, for example a[i] = "Question i" etc.
I did so many tries, but it always ends up reading the last line in the file, when write a loop the program stops working.
This is what i came up with, it's all probably wrong:
char str[200];
char *ptr;
FILE * fp = fopen("questions.txt", "r");
while(fgets(str, 200, fp)!= NULL)
printf("%s", str);
ptr = strtok(str, "\n");
while(ptr != NULL)
{
ptr = strtok(str, "\n");
printf("%s\n", ptr);
ptr = strtok(NULL, "\n");
}
fclose(fp);
The file is:
what is your course?
who is your instructor?
Output i get is:
what is your course?
who is your instructor?
who is your instructor?
I want to read the string from the file then split it into an array with each question having an index...
Let me say, that you don't have a string to split into array.
You should better have a file with a one string of questions like this:
what is your course?:who is your instructor? // `:` is some kind of delimiter
I can suppose that you want to make a vector (one dimensional array) of the file. And in that vector, each element will contain a question from the file. Right?
I can share with you a function from my library I've made at the university. I'll write here a simple program. But it uses delimiters - :, for example. You can modify this function for working without delimiters -- this only depends on you.
In two words, this little program does the following:
// BEFORE: you have a string that ends with a null terminating character.
Question_1_abcbadsad:QUestion_2asasdasd:Question_3sldasdsa\n
^
here ^<< printing 'string' stops
// AFTER: an array of questions. Each of them ends with a null terminating character.
Question_1_abcbadsad\nQUestion_2asasdasd\nQuestion_3sldasdsa\n
^
^<< printing argz[0] will stop here
main.c
#include "argz.h"
int main()
{
error_t func;
char *argz; // pointer to a vector; to an array of questions
size_t argz_len;
// size of that vector (the size of the string you've got from the file)
// Consider `string` to be your `ptr`. You read a string from the file so
// `ptr` will point to the string.
char *string = "Question_1_abcbadsad:QUestion_2asasdasd:Question_3sldasdsa";
// Here `:` is a separate character.
func = argz_create_sep(string, ':', &argz, &argz_len);
if(func == OK)
argz_print(argz, argz_len);
else
printf("ERROR\n");
return 0;
}
argz.c
#include "argz.h"
error_t argz_create_sep (const char *string, int sep, char **argz, size_t *argz_len)
{
int i;
char *ch;
int len = strlen(string);
if(len==0)
return ENOMEM;
*argz = (char*) malloc (sizeof(char)*(len + 1));
strcpy(*argz, string);
*argz_len = strlen(*argz);
ch = *argz;
for(i = 0; i < len; i++) {
if(*ch == sep) *ch='\0';
ch++;
}
return OK;
}
void argz_print(const char *argz, size_t argz_len)
{
const char *ch;
int i;
ch = argz;
for(i = 0; i < argz_len; i++) {
if(*ch == '\0')
printf("\n");
else
printf("%c",*ch);
ch++;
}
printf("\n\n\n");
}
argz.h
#include <stddef.h> // for size_t
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef enum {OK, ENOMEM} error_t;
/* function prototypes */
error_t argz_create_sep (const char *string, int sep, char **argz, size_t *argz_len);
void argz_print (const char *argz, size_t argz_len);
I think what you want is something like this:
#include <stdio.h>
int main(){
int i=0;
char str[200],s='1'; //s is give a random character
FILE * fp = fopen("questions.txt", "r");
while (s!=EOF){ //works until s= the end of file
s=getc(fp); //s starts to receive characters from text file
str[i]=s; //each character of text is placed into the string array
i++;
}
str[i]='\0'; //s reached EOF so lets indicate where we stopped in the string
fclose(fp);
printf("%s\n",str);
//EDIT: changing 1D str to 2D str2
char str2[10][200]; // 10 for max no. of questions, 200 - length of each question
int j=0,k=0;
i=0;
for(j=0;j<200;j++){
str2[i][k]=str[j];
k++;
if (str[j]=='\n'){
i++;
k=0;}
}
for(i=0;i<10;i++) //prints your 2D string array
printf("%s",str2[i]); //after the last question there will be junk
return 0;
}