I am trying to split strings with strtok, but I can't print the second part of my string.
int main (void) {
char str[128];
char *ptr;
strcpy (str, "123456 789asdf");
strtok (str, " ", &ptr);
printf ("'%s' '%s'\n", str, ptr);
return 0;
}
the outcome is something like this:
'123456' '12jfs90123#4'
It looks to me like you've misunderstood how strtok works.
The second parameter is supposed to point to a string of delimiter characters. The "current" string is the return value. On the first call, you pass the string you want to split. On subsequent calls, you pass NULL for the first parameter.
strtok also modifies the string you pass to it, so you must not ever pass a string literal as the first parameter.
Working code normally looks at least a little more like this:
char input[] = "123456 789asdf";
char *substring = strtok(input, " ");
do {
printf("%s\n", substring);
} while (strtok(NULL, " "));
If, however, you know you're only going to look for two arguments, it's probably easier to use scanf:
char s1[256], s2[256];
sscanf(str, "%255s %255s", s1, s2);
You need to keep calling strtok until it returns NULL, as strtok returns one token resulting from the splitting at every function call.
This is working code:
int main (void) {
char str[128];
char *ptr;
strcpy (str, "123456 789asdf");
ptr = strtok (str, " ");
while(ptr != NULL)
{
printf ("'%s'\n", ptr);
ptr = strtok(NULL, " ");
}
return 0;
}
strtok() works a bit differently than the way you used it:
char str[] = "123456 789asdf";
char* token = strtok (str, " ");
char* token2 = strtok (NULL, " ");
printf ("'%s' '%s'\n", token, token2);
outputs the desired: '123456' '789asdf'
I am trying to read a txt file, and I can get the line which I want, but I can not print every words in this line one by one;
for example: the line looks like:
hello world 1 2 3
and I need print them one by one which looks like:
hello
world
1
2
3
I got the segmentation fault core dumped error
char temp[256]；
while(fgets(temp, 256, fp) != NULL) {
...
int tempLength = strlen(temp);
char *tempCopy = (char*) calloc(tempLength + 1, sizeof(char));
strncpy(temCopy, temp, tempLength); // segmentation fault core dumped here；
// works fine with temp as "name country"
name = strtok_r(tempCopy, delimiter, &context);
country = strtok_r(Null, delimiter, &context);
printf("%s\n", name);
printf("%s\n", country);
}
Can anyone help me fix the code?
Thanks!
Impleted with strtok()
char *p;
char temp[256];
while(fgets(temp,256,fp) != NULL){
p = strtok (temp," ");
while (p != NULL)
{
printf ("%s\n",p);
p = strtok (NULL, " ");
}
}
If you see man strtok You will found
BUGS
Be cautious when using these functions. If you do use them, note that:
* These functions modify their first argument.
* These functions cannot be used on constant strings.
* The identity of the delimiting character is lost.
* The strtok() function uses a static buffer while parsing, so it's not thread safe. Use strtok_r() if this matters to you.
Try to make changes with strtok_r()
While read a line from a file you can invoke the following function:
if( fgets (str, 60, fp)!=NULL ) {
puts(str);
token = strtok(str," ");
while(token != NULL)
{
printf("%s\n",token);
token = strtok(NULL," ");
}
}
If I have a string like:
const char* mystr = "Test Test Bla Bla \n Bla Bla Test \n Test Test \n";
How would I use the newline character '\n', to split the string into an array of strings?
I'm trying to accomplish in C, the thing string.Split() does in C# or boost's string algorithm split does in C++ .
Try to use the strtok function. Be aware that it modifies the source memory so you can't use it with a string literal.
char *copy = strdup(mystr);
char *tok;
tok = strtok(copy, "\n");
/* Do something with tok. */
while (tok) {
tok = strtok(NULL, "\n");
/* ... */
}
free(copy);
The simplest way to split a string in C is to use strtok() however that comes along with an arm's length list of caveats on its usage:
It's destructive (destroys the input string), and you couldn't use it on the string you have above.
It's not reentrant (it keeps its state between calls, and you can only be using it to tokenize one string at a time... let alone if you wanted to use it with threads). Some systems provide a reentrant version, e.g. strtok_r(). Your example might be split up like:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
int main (void) {
char mystr[] = "Test Test Bla Bla \n Bla Bla Test \n Test Test \n";
char *word = strtok(mystr, " \n");
while (word) {
printf("word: %s\n", word);
word = strtok(NULL, " \n");
}
return 0;
}
Note the important change of your string declaration -- it's now an array and can be modified. It's possible to tokenize a string without destroying it, of course, but C does not provide a simple solution for doing so as part of the standard library.
Remember that C makes you do all the memory allocation by hand. Remember also that C doesn't really have strings, only arrays of characters. Also, string literals are immutable, so you're going to need to copy it. It will be easier to copy the whole thing first.
So, something like this (wholly untested):
char *copy = xstrdup(mystr);
char *p;
char **arry;
size_t count = 0;
size_t i;
for (p = copy; *p; p++)
if (*p == '\n')
count++;
arry = xmalloc((count + 1) * sizeof(char *));
i = 0;
p = copy;
arry[i] = p;
while (*p)
{
if (*p == '\n')
{
*p = '\0';
arry[i++] = p+1;
}
p++;
}
return arry; /* deallocating arry and arry[0] is
the responsibility of the caller */
In the above reactions, I see only while(){} loops, where IMHO for(){} loops are more compact.
cnicutar:
for(tok = strtok(copy, "\n");tok; tok = strtok(NULL, "\n") {
/* ... */
}
FatalError:
char *word;
for ( word = strtok(mystr, " \n");word; word = strtok(NULL, " \n") {
printf("word: %s\n", word);
}
Zack:
for (arry[i=0]=p=copy; *p ; p++)
{
if (*p == '\n')
{
*p = '\0';
arry[i++] = p+1;
}
}
[the clarity of this last example is disputable]
You can use below mentioned library. It has many other useful functions.
http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_48_0/libs/tokenizer/index.html
Or you can use strtok function.
Is there any pre-defined function in C that can split a string given a delimeter? Say I have a string:
"Command:Context"
Now, I want to store "Command" and "Context" to a two dimensional array of characters
char ch[2][10];
or to two different variables
char ch1[10], ch2[10];
I tried using a loop and it works fine. I'm just curious if there is such function that already exists, I don't want to reinvent the wheel. Please provide a clear example, thank you very much!
You can use strtok
Online Demo:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main ()
{
char str[] ="Command:Context";
char * pch;
printf ("Splitting string \"%s\" into tokens:\n",str);
pch = strtok (str,":");
while (pch != NULL)
{
printf ("%s\n",pch);
pch = strtok (NULL, ":");
}
return 0;
}
Output:
Splitting string "Command:Context" into tokens:
Command
Context
You can tokenise a string with strtok as per the following sample:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main (void) {
char instr[] = "Command:Context";
char words[2][10];
char *chptr;
int idx = 0;
chptr = strtok (instr, ":");
while (chptr != NULL) {
strcpy (words[idx++], chptr);
chptr = strtok (NULL, ":");
}
printf ("Word1 = [%s]\n", words[0]);
printf ("Word2 = [%s]\n", words[1]);
return 0;
}
Output:
Word1 = [Command]
Word2 = [Context]
The strtok function has some minor gotchas that you probably want to watch out for. Primarily, it modifies the string itself to weave its magic so won't work on string literals (for example).
Please explain to me the working of strtok() function. The manual says it breaks the string into tokens. I am unable to understand from the manual what it actually does.
I added watches on str and *pch to check its working when the first while loop occurred, the contents of str were only "this". How did the output shown below printed on the screen?
/* strtok example */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main ()
{
char str[] ="- This, a sample string.";
char * pch;
printf ("Splitting string \"%s\" into tokens:\n",str);
pch = strtok (str," ,.-");
while (pch != NULL)
{
printf ("%s\n",pch);
pch = strtok (NULL, " ,.-");
}
return 0;
}
Output:
Splitting string "- This, a sample string." into tokens:
This
a
sample
string
the strtok runtime function works like this
the first time you call strtok you provide a string that you want to tokenize
char s[] = "this is a string";
in the above string space seems to be a good delimiter between words so lets use that:
char* p = strtok(s, " ");
what happens now is that 's' is searched until the space character is found, the first token is returned ('this') and p points to that token (string)
in order to get next token and to continue with the same string NULL is passed as first
argument since strtok maintains a static pointer to your previous passed string:
p = strtok(NULL," ");
p now points to 'is'
and so on until no more spaces can be found, then the last string is returned as the last token 'string'.
more conveniently you could write it like this instead to print out all tokens:
for (char *p = strtok(s," "); p != NULL; p = strtok(NULL, " "))
{
puts(p);
}
EDIT:
If you want to store the returned values from strtok you need to copy the token to another buffer e.g. strdup(p); since the original string (pointed to by the static pointer inside strtok) is modified between iterations in order to return the token.
strtok() divides the string into tokens. i.e. starting from any one of the delimiter to next one would be your one token. In your case, the starting token will be from "-" and end with next space " ". Then next token will start from " " and end with ",". Here you get "This" as output. Similarly the rest of the string gets split into tokens from space to space and finally ending the last token on "."
strtok maintains a static, internal reference pointing to the next available token in the string; if you pass it a NULL pointer, it will work from that internal reference.
This is the reason strtok isn't re-entrant; as soon as you pass it a new pointer, that old internal reference gets clobbered.
strtok doesn't change the parameter itself (str). It stores that pointer (in a local static variable). It can then change what that parameter points to in subsequent calls without having the parameter passed back. (And it can advance that pointer it has kept however it needs to perform its operations.)
From the POSIX strtok page:
This function uses static storage to keep track of the current string position between calls.
There is a thread-safe variant (strtok_r) that doesn't do this type of magic.
strtok will tokenize a string i.e. convert it into a series of substrings.
It does that by searching for delimiters that separate these tokens (or substrings). And you specify the delimiters. In your case, you want ' ' or ',' or '.' or '-' to be the delimiter.
The programming model to extract these tokens is that you hand strtok your main string and the set of delimiters. Then you call it repeatedly, and each time strtok will return the next token it finds. Till it reaches the end of the main string, when it returns a null. Another rule is that you pass the string in only the first time, and NULL for the subsequent times. This is a way to tell strtok if you are starting a new session of tokenizing with a new string, or you are retrieving tokens from a previous tokenizing session. Note that strtok remembers its state for the tokenizing session. And for this reason it is not reentrant or thread safe (you should be using strtok_r instead). Another thing to know is that it actually modifies the original string. It writes '\0' for teh delimiters that it finds.
One way to invoke strtok, succintly, is as follows:
char str[] = "this, is the string - I want to parse";
char delim[] = " ,-";
char* token;
for (token = strtok(str, delim); token; token = strtok(NULL, delim))
{
printf("token=%s\n", token);
}
Result:
this
is
the
string
I
want
to
parse
The first time you call it, you provide the string to tokenize to strtok. And then, to get the following tokens, you just give NULL to that function, as long as it returns a non NULL pointer.
The strtok function records the string you first provided when you call it. (Which is really dangerous for multi-thread applications)
strtok modifies its input string. It places null characters ('\0') in it so that it will return bits of the original string as tokens. In fact strtok does not allocate memory. You may understand it better if you draw the string as a sequence of boxes.
To understand how strtok() works, one first need to know what a static variable is. This link explains it quite well....
The key to the operation of strtok() is preserving the location of the last seperator between seccessive calls (that's why strtok() continues to parse the very original string that is passed to it when it is invoked with a null pointer in successive calls)..
Have a look at my own strtok() implementation, called zStrtok(), which has a sligtly different functionality than the one provided by strtok()
char *zStrtok(char *str, const char *delim) {
static char *static_str=0; /* var to store last address */
int index=0, strlength=0; /* integers for indexes */
int found = 0; /* check if delim is found */
/* delimiter cannot be NULL
* if no more char left, return NULL as well
*/
if (delim==0 || (str == 0 && static_str == 0))
return 0;
if (str == 0)
str = static_str;
/* get length of string */
while(str[strlength])
strlength++;
/* find the first occurance of delim */
for (index=0;index<strlength;index++)
if (str[index]==delim[0]) {
found=1;
break;
}
/* if delim is not contained in str, return str */
if (!found) {
static_str = 0;
return str;
}
/* check for consecutive delimiters
*if first char is delim, return delim
*/
if (str[0]==delim[0]) {
static_str = (str + 1);
return (char *)delim;
}
/* terminate the string
* this assignmetn requires char[], so str has to
* be char[] rather than *char
*/
str[index] = '\0';
/* save the rest of the string */
if ((str + index + 1)!=0)
static_str = (str + index + 1);
else
static_str = 0;
return str;
}
And here is an example usage
Example Usage
char str[] = "A,B,,,C";
printf("1 %s\n",zStrtok(s,","));
printf("2 %s\n",zStrtok(NULL,","));
printf("3 %s\n",zStrtok(NULL,","));
printf("4 %s\n",zStrtok(NULL,","));
printf("5 %s\n",zStrtok(NULL,","));
printf("6 %s\n",zStrtok(NULL,","));
Example Output
1 A
2 B
3 ,
4 ,
5 C
6 (null)
The code is from a string processing library I maintain on Github, called zString. Have a look at the code, or even contribute :)
https://github.com/fnoyanisi/zString
This is how i implemented strtok, Not that great but after working 2 hr on it finally got it worked. It does support multiple delimiters.
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
char* mystrtok(char str[],char filter[])
{
if(filter == NULL) {
return str;
}
static char *ptr = str;
static int flag = 0;
if(flag == 1) {
return NULL;
}
char* ptrReturn = ptr;
for(int j = 0; ptr != '\0'; j++) {
for(int i=0 ; filter[i] != '\0' ; i++) {
if(ptr[j] == '\0') {
flag = 1;
return ptrReturn;
}
if( ptr[j] == filter[i]) {
ptr[j] = '\0';
ptr+=j+1;
return ptrReturn;
}
}
}
return NULL;
}
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
char str[200] = "This,is my,string.test";
char *ppt = mystrtok(str,", .");
while(ppt != NULL ) {
cout<< ppt << endl;
ppt = mystrtok(NULL,", .");
}
return 0;
}
For those who are still having hard time understanding this strtok() function, take a look at this pythontutor example, it is a great tool to visualize your C (or C++, Python ...) code.
In case the link got broken, paste in:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
char s[] = "Hello, my name is? Matthew! Hey.";
char* p;
for (char *p = strtok(s," ,?!."); p != NULL; p = strtok(NULL, " ,?!.")) {
puts(p);
}
return 0;
}
Credits go to Anders K.
Here is my implementation which uses hash table for the delimiter, which means it O(n) instead of O(n^2) (here is a link to the code):
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#define DICT_LEN 256
int *create_delim_dict(char *delim)
{
int *d = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int)*DICT_LEN);
memset((void*)d, 0, sizeof(int)*DICT_LEN);
int i;
for(i=0; i< strlen(delim); i++) {
d[delim[i]] = 1;
}
return d;
}
char *my_strtok(char *str, char *delim)
{
static char *last, *to_free;
int *deli_dict = create_delim_dict(delim);
if(!deli_dict) {
/*this check if we allocate and fail the second time with entering this function */
if(to_free) {
free(to_free);
}
return NULL;
}
if(str) {
last = (char*)malloc(strlen(str)+1);
if(!last) {
free(deli_dict);
return NULL;
}
to_free = last;
strcpy(last, str);
}
while(deli_dict[*last] && *last != '\0') {
last++;
}
str = last;
if(*last == '\0') {
free(deli_dict);
free(to_free);
deli_dict = NULL;
to_free = NULL;
return NULL;
}
while (*last != '\0' && !deli_dict[*last]) {
last++;
}
*last = '\0';
last++;
free(deli_dict);
return str;
}
int main()
{
char * str = "- This, a sample string.";
char *del = " ,.-";
char *s = my_strtok(str, del);
while(s) {
printf("%s\n", s);
s = my_strtok(NULL, del);
}
return 0;
}
strtok() stores the pointer in static variable where did you last time left off , so on its 2nd call , when we pass the null , strtok() gets the pointer from the static variable .
If you provide the same string name , it again starts from beginning.
Moreover strtok() is destructive i.e. it make changes to the orignal string. so make sure you always have a copy of orignal one.
One more problem of using strtok() is that as it stores the address in static variables , in multithreaded programming calling strtok() more than once will cause an error. For this use strtok_r().
strtok replaces the characters in the second argument with a NULL and a NULL character is also the end of a string.
http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/clibrary/cstring/strtok/
you can scan the char array looking for the token if you found it just print new line else print the char.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
char *s;
s = malloc(1024 * sizeof(char));
scanf("%[^\n]", s);
s = realloc(s, strlen(s) + 1);
int len = strlen(s);
char delim =' ';
for(int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
if(s[i] == delim) {
printf("\n");
}
else {
printf("%c", s[i]);
}
}
free(s);
return 0;
}
So, this is a code snippet to help better understand this topic.
Printing Tokens
Task: Given a sentence, s, print each word of the sentence in a new line.
char *s;
s = malloc(1024 * sizeof(char));
scanf("%[^\n]", s);
s = realloc(s, strlen(s) + 1);
//logic to print the tokens of the sentence.
for (char *p = strtok(s," "); p != NULL; p = strtok(NULL, " "))
{
printf("%s\n",p);
}
Input: How is that
Result:
How
is
that
Explanation: So here, "strtok()" function is used and it's iterated using for loop to print the tokens in separate lines.
The function will take parameters as 'string' and 'break-point' and break the string at those break-points and form tokens. Now, those tokens are stored in 'p' and are used further for printing.
strtok is replacing delimiter with'\0' NULL character in given string
CODE
#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
int main()
{
char s[]="30/4/2021";
std::cout<<(void*)s<<"\n"; // 0x70fdf0
char *p1=(char*)0x70fdf0;
std::cout<<p1<<"\n";
char *p2=strtok(s,"/");
std::cout<<(void*)p2<<"\n";
std::cout<<p2<<"\n";
char *p3=(char*)0x70fdf0;
std::cout<<p3<<"\n";
for(int i=0;i<=9;i++)
{
std::cout<<*p1;
p1++;
}
}
OUTPUT
0x70fdf0 // 1. address of string s
30/4/2021 // 2. print string s through ptr p1
0x70fdf0 // 3. this address is return by strtok to ptr p2
30 // 4. print string which pointed by p2
30 // 5. again assign address of string s to ptr p3 try to print string
30 4/2021 // 6. print characters of string s one by one using loop
Before tokenizing the string
I assigned address of string s to some ptr(p1) and try to print string through that ptr and whole string is printed.
after tokenized
strtok return the address of string s to ptr(p2) but when I try to print string through ptr it only print "30" it did not print whole string. so it's sure that strtok is not just returning adress but it is placing '\0' character where delimiter is present.
cross check
1.
again I assign the address of string s to some ptr (p3) and try to print string it prints "30" as while tokenizing the string is updated with '\0' at delimiter.
2.
see printing string s character by character via loop the 1st delimiter is replaced by '\0' so it is printing blank space rather than ''