C - Program freezes; futex_wait_queue_me - c

I have, as requested, included the code in its entirety so that you can test it. Keep in mind that this is nowhere near completion, but should be able to send and recieve packets through a stable tcp connection.
When I run it I get:
./bunny -i 84.49.76.98 -p 80 -o 79.161.200.48 -t 80
Raw packet reader created
Waiting 1 second for packet reader thread to settle down...
socket() - Using SOCK_RAW and TCP protocol is OK.
Socketoptions OK.
and then it just hangs. I've also used strace and that gave me (only including the last bit where it stopped):
setsockopt(4, SOL_IP, IP_HDRINCL, [1], 4) = 0
write(1, "Socketoptions OK.\n", 18Socketoptions OK.
) = 18
sendto(4, "", 0, 0, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(63239), sin_addr=inet_addr("84.49.76.98")}, 16) = 0
close(4) = 0
futex(0x7f4c07bf89d0, FUTEX_WAIT, 3278, NULLsendto(4, "", 0, 0, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(63239), sin_addr=inet_addr("84.49.76.98")}, 16) = 0
close(4) = 0
and the system monitor says the program is sleeping, and gives futex_wait_queue_me.
Could this be down to a memory leak somewhere causing too many calls to futex?
#define _BSD_SOURCE
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <pcap.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#define VERSION "1.0"
#define PCKT_LEN 8192
/* Prototypes */
int sock;
void run();
void capture();
void usage();
in_addr_t sip;
in_addr_t dip;
char *dstip = 0;
int s_seq;
int sport;
int dport;
struct pseudo {
struct in_addr sourceip;
struct in_addr destip;
unsigned char placeholder;
unsigned char protocol;
unsigned char tcp_len;
struct tcphdr tcp;
};
struct ipheader {
unsigned char iph_ihl:5,
iph_ver:4;
unsigned char iph_tos;
unsigned short int iph_len;
unsigned short int iph_id;
unsigned char iph_flags;
unsigned short int iph_offset;
unsigned char iph_ttl;
unsigned char iph_protocol;
unsigned short int iph_chksum;
unsigned int iph_sourceip;
unsigned int iph_destip;
};
struct tcpheader {
unsigned short int tcph_sourceport;
unsigned short int tcph_destport;
unsigned int tcph_seqnum;
unsigned int tcph_acknum;
unsigned char tcph_reserved:4, tcph_offset:4;
unsigned char tcph_flags;
unsigned short int tcph_win;
unsigned short int tcph_chksum;
unsigned short int tcph_urgptr;
};
/* Checksum */
unsigned short checksum (unsigned short *pac, int len)
{
unsigned long sum;
for (sum = 0; len > 0; len--)
sum += *pac++;
sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff);
sum += (sum >> 16);
return(~sum);
}
/* Checksum TCP */
unsigned short checksum_tcp (unsigned short len, unsigned short sourceip[],
unsigned short destip[], unsigned short buf[])
{
unsigned char protocol = 6;
unsigned long sum;
int nleft;
unsigned short *w;
sum = 0;
nleft = len;
w=buf;
while(nleft > 1)
{
sum += *w++;
nleft -= 2;
}
if(nleft > 0)
{
sum += *w&ntohs(0xFF00);
}
sum += sourceip[0];
sum += sourceip[1];
sum += destip[0];
sum += destip[1];
sum += htons(len);
sum += htons(protocol);
sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xFFFF);
sum += (sum >> 16);
sum = ~sum;
return ((unsigned short) sum);
}
int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
int c;
/* Are we in root? */
if(geteuid() !=0)
{
printf("Root access is required to run this program.\n\n");
exit(0);
}
while (1)
{
static struct option long_options[] =
{
/* Options */
{"send", no_argument, 0, 's'}, /* args s, r and f have no function yet */
{"receive", no_argument, 0, 'r'},
{"file", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
{"destip", required_argument, 0, 'i'},
{"destport", required_argument, 0, 'p'},
{"sourceip", required_argument, 0, 'o'},
{"sourceport", required_argument, 0, 't'},
{0, 0, 0, 0}
};
int option_index = 0;
c = getopt_long (argc, argv, "srf:d:i:p:o:t:",
long_options, &option_index);
/* Detect the end of the options. */
if (c == -1)
break;
switch (c)
{
case 0: /* If this option set a flag, do nothing else now. */
if (long_options[option_index].flag != 0)
break;
printf ("option %s", long_options[option_index].name);
if (optarg)
printf (" with arg %s", optarg);
printf ("\n");
break;
case 's': puts ("option -s\n");
break;
case 'r': puts ("option -r\n");
break;
case 'f': printf ("option -f with value `%s'\n", optarg);
break;
case 'i': dip = inet_addr(optarg);
dstip = optarg;
break;
case 'p': dport = htons(atoi(optarg));
/* Add handling of bad/non number input here */
break;
case 'o': sip = inet_addr(optarg);
break;
case 't': sport = htons(atoi(optarg));
break;
case '?': /* Error message printed */
break;
default: abort ();
}
}
/* Print any remaining command line arguments (not options). */
if (optind < argc)
{
printf ("\nNon-option ARGV-elements: ");
while (optind < argc)
printf ("%s ", argv[optind++]);
putchar ('\n');
}
/* check if all mandatory options are set and for unknown arguments */
/* This really needs changing... */
if (dip, sip, dport, sport == 0)
{
usage();
return (-1);
}
/* change */
pthread_t tid_pr;
if (pthread_create(&tid_pr, NULL, capture, NULL) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "can't create raw packet reader: %s\n", strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
printf("\nRaw packet reader created\nWaiting 1 second for packet reader thread to settle down...\n\n");
sleep(1);
run();
pthread_join(tid_pr, NULL);
getchar ();
exit (0);
}
int send_syn(unsigned int sourceip, unsigned int destip, unsigned short sourceport,
unsigned short destport)
{
const int one = 1;
char buffer[PCKT_LEN];
struct sockaddr_in sin;
struct ipheader *ip;
struct tcpheader *tcp;
ip = (struct ipheader *) buffer;
tcp = (struct tcpheader *) buffer + ip->iph_ihl *4;
/* IP attributes */
ip->iph_ihl = 5;
ip->iph_ver = 4;
ip->iph_tos = 16;
ip->iph_len = sizeof(struct ipheader) + sizeof(struct tcpheader);
ip->iph_id = htons(54321);
ip->iph_offset = 0;
ip->iph_ttl = 64;
ip->iph_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
ip->iph_chksum = 0;
ip->iph_sourceip = sip;
ip->iph_destip = dip;
ip->iph_chksum = checksum ((unsigned short *) buffer, (sizeof (struct
ipheader )+ sizeof (struct tcpheader)));
/* TCP attributes */
tcp->tcph_sourceport = sport;
tcp->tcph_destport = dport;
tcp->tcph_seqnum = htonl(1); /* ADD SEQ NUM THINGY */
tcp->tcph_offset = 5;
tcp->tcph_flags = TH_SYN;
tcp->tcph_win = htons(32767);
tcp->tcph_chksum = 0;
tcp->tcph_urgptr = 0;
tcp->tcph_chksum = (unsigned short) checksum_tcp((unsigned short) (ip->iph_len - ip->iph_ihl *4), (unsigned short *) &ip->iph_sourceip,
(unsigned short *) &ip->iph_destip, (unsigned short *) &tcp);
/* Address family */
sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
sin.sin_addr.s_addr = ip->iph_destip;
/* Send */
if (sendto(sock, buffer, ip->iph_len, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&sin, sizeof(sin)) < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "\nCan't send packet\n");
return (-1);
}
else
printf("Packet sent to %d", dip);
close(sock);
}
int send_syn_ack(unsigned int sourceip, unsigned int destip, unsigned short sourceport,
unsigned short destport, unsigned long s_seq)
{
const int one = 1;
char buffer[PCKT_LEN];
struct sockaddr_in sin;
struct ipheader *ip;
struct tcpheader *tcp;
ip = (struct ipheader *) buffer;
tcp = (struct tcpheader *) buffer + ip->iph_ihl *4;
/* IP attributes */
ip->iph_ihl = 5;
ip->iph_ver = 4;
ip->iph_tos = 16;
ip->iph_len = sizeof(struct ipheader) + sizeof(struct tcpheader);
ip->iph_id = htons(54321);
ip->iph_offset = 0;
ip->iph_ttl = 64;
ip->iph_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
ip->iph_chksum = 0;
ip->iph_sourceip = sip;
ip->iph_destip = dip;
ip->iph_chksum = checksum ((unsigned short *) buffer, (sizeof (struct
ipheader )+ sizeof (struct tcpheader)));
/* TCP attributes */
tcp->tcph_sourceport = sport;
tcp->tcph_destport = dport;
tcp->tcph_seqnum = htonl(1 + 1); /* ADD SEQ NUM THINGY */
tcp->tcph_acknum = htonl (s_seq + 1); /* ADD ACK NUM THINGY */
tcp->tcph_offset = 5;
tcp->tcph_flags = TH_ACK;
tcp->tcph_win = htons(32767);
tcp->tcph_chksum = 0;
tcp->tcph_urgptr = 0;
tcp->tcph_chksum = (unsigned short) checksum_tcp((unsigned short) (ip->iph_len - ip->iph_ihl *4), (unsigned short *) &ip->iph_sourceip,
(unsigned short *) &ip->iph_destip, (unsigned short *) &tcp);
/* Address family */
sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
sin.sin_addr.s_addr = ip->iph_destip;
/* Send */
if (sendto(sock, buffer, ip->iph_len, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&sin, sizeof(sin)) < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "\nCan't send packet\n");
return (-1);
}
else
printf("Packet sent to %d\n", dip);
close(sock);
}
void run()
{
const int one = 1;
char buffer[PCKT_LEN];
struct sockaddr_in sin;
struct ipheader *ip;
struct tcpheader *tcp;
ip = (struct ipheader *) buffer;
tcp = (struct tcpheader *) buffer + ip->iph_ihl *4;
sock = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_TCP);
if (sock < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "\nSocket()\n\n");
exit (-1);
}
else
printf ("socket() - Using SOCK_RAW and TCP protocol is OK.\n");
if ((setsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, (char *)&one, sizeof (one))) < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Can't set socketoptions\n");
exit (-1);
}
else
printf("Socketoptions OK.\n");
send_syn(dip, sip, dport, sport);
}
void receive(u_char *args, const struct pcap_pkthdr *pkthdr, const u_char *buffer)
{
const int one = 1;
int LEN = strtol(args, NULL, 0); /* LEN = strtol(args, NULL, 0) ---- int LEN = *args;*/
struct ipheader *ip;
struct tcpheader *tcp;
ip = (struct ipheader *)(buffer + LEN);
tcp = (struct tcpheader *)(buffer + LEN + sizeof (struct ipheader));
printf("%d\n", LEN);
printf("Packet received. ACK number: %d\n", ntohl (tcp->tcph_seqnum));
printf("Packet received. SEQ number: %d\n", ntohl (tcp->tcph_acknum));
s_seq = ntohl (tcp->tcph_seqnum);
send_syn_ack(s_seq, dip, sip, dport, sport);
sleep(100);
}
void capture()
{
pcap_t *pd;
bpf_u_int32 netmask;
bpf_u_int32 localnet;
char filterbuf[64];
snprintf(filterbuf, sizeof(filterbuf), "ip dst host %s", dstip);
char *filter = filterbuf;
char *dev = NULL;
char errbuf[PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE];
struct bpf_program filterprog;
int dl = 0, dl_len = 0;
if ((pd = pcap_open_live(dev, 1514, 1, 500, errbuf)) == NULL) /* Look into snaplen size */
{
fprintf(stderr, "can't open device %s: %s\n", dev, errbuf);
exit(1);
}
pcap_lookupnet(dev, &localnet, &netmask, errbuf);
pcap_compile(pd, &filterprog, filter, 0, localnet);
if (pcap_setfilter(pd, &filterprog) == - 1)
{
fprintf(stderr, "can't set pcap filter: %s %s\n", filter, errbuf);
exit(1);
}
pcap_freecode(&filterprog);
dl = pcap_datalink(pd);
switch(dl) {
case 1:
dl_len = 14;
break;
default:
dl_len = 14;
break;
}
if (pcap_loop(pd, -1, receive, (u_char *) &dl_len) < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "can't get raw packet: %s\n", pcap_geterr(pd));
exit(1);
}
}
void usage()
{
/* This is the user manual (CHANGE) */
printf("\nChannelBunny %s, created 2012\n\n", VERSION);
printf("ChannelBunny Usage: -s -f <file> -i <destip> -p <destport> -o <sourceip> -t <sourceport>\n\n");
printf("-s, --send, Puts program in send mode\n");
printf("-r, --receive, Puts program in receive mode\n");
printf("-f, --file, Specify file\n");
printf("-i, --destip, Destination IP address\n");
printf("-p, --destport, Destination port\n");
printf("-o, --sourceip Source IP address\n");
printf("-t, --sourceport Source port\n");
}

The main problem of your code is that you're not handling correctly the LINK-LAYER TYPE, you are using:
pcap_open_live with the fisrt argument set to NULL, this mean that the kernel will choose "any" interface to sniff and inject RAW packets, in this case your are using "LINKTYPE_LINUX_SLL" instead of ETHERNET which is what you want (LINK_TYPE 1).
So you need to handle the link layer correctly (checkout the list here: http://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes.html). I modify your code and it works now(replace device eth0 with what you want):
#define _BSD_SOURCE
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <pcap.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#define VERSION "1.0"
#define PCKT_LEN 8192
/* Prototypes */
int sock;
void run();
void* capture(void *);
void usage();
in_addr_t sip;
in_addr_t dip;
char *dstip = 0;
int s_seq;
unsigned short sport;
unsigned short dport;
struct pseudo {
struct in_addr sourceip;
struct in_addr destip;
unsigned char placeholder;
unsigned char protocol;
unsigned char tcp_len;
struct tcphdr tcp;
};
struct ipheader {
unsigned char iph_ihl:5,
iph_ver:4;
unsigned char iph_tos;
unsigned short int iph_len;
unsigned short int iph_id;
unsigned char iph_flags;
unsigned short int iph_offset;
unsigned char iph_ttl;
unsigned char iph_protocol;
unsigned short int iph_chksum;
unsigned int iph_sourceip;
unsigned int iph_destip;
};
struct tcpheader {
unsigned short int tcph_sourceport;
unsigned short int tcph_destport;
unsigned int tcph_seqnum;
unsigned int tcph_acknum;
unsigned char tcph_reserved:4, tcph_offset:4;
unsigned char tcph_flags;
unsigned short int tcph_win;
unsigned short int tcph_chksum;
unsigned short int tcph_urgptr;
};
/* Checksum */
unsigned short checksum (unsigned short *pac, int len)
{
unsigned long sum;
for (sum = 0; len > 0; len--)
sum += *pac++;
sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff);
sum += (sum >> 16);
return(~sum);
}
/* Checksum TCP */
unsigned short checksum_tcp (unsigned short len, unsigned short sourceip[],
unsigned short destip[], unsigned short buf[])
{
unsigned char protocol = 6;
unsigned long sum;
int nleft;
unsigned short *w;
sum = 0;
nleft = len;
w=buf;
while(nleft > 1)
{
sum += *w++;
nleft -= 2;
}
if(nleft > 0)
{
sum += *w&ntohs(0xFF00);
}
sum += sourceip[0];
sum += sourceip[1];
sum += destip[0];
sum += destip[1];
sum += htons(len);
sum += htons(protocol);
sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xFFFF);
sum += (sum >> 16);
sum = ~sum;
return ((unsigned short) sum);
}
int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
int c;
/* Are we in root? */
if(geteuid() !=0)
{
printf("Root access is required to run this program.\n\n");
exit(0);
}
while (1)
{
static struct option long_options[] =
{
/* Options */
{"send", no_argument, 0, 's'}, /* args s, r and f have no function yet */
{"receive", no_argument, 0, 'r'},
{"file", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
{"destip", required_argument, 0, 'i'},
{"destport", required_argument, 0, 'p'},
{"sourceip", required_argument, 0, 'o'},
{"sourceport", required_argument, 0, 't'},
{0, 0, 0, 0}
};
int option_index = 0;
c = getopt_long (argc, argv, "srf:d:i:p:o:t:",
long_options, &option_index);
/* Detect the end of the options. */
if (c == -1)
break;
switch (c)
{
case 0: /* If this option set a flag, do nothing else now. */
if (long_options[option_index].flag != 0)
break;
printf ("option %s", long_options[option_index].name);
if (optarg)
printf (" with arg %s", optarg);
printf ("\n");
break;
case 's': puts ("option -s\n");
break;
case 'r': puts ("option -r\n");
break;
case 'f': printf ("option -f with value `%s'\n", optarg);
break;
case 'i': dip = inet_addr(optarg);
dstip = optarg;
break;
case 'p': dport = htons(atoi(optarg));
/* Add handling of bad/non number input here */
break;
case 'o': sip = inet_addr(optarg);
break;
case 't': sport = htons(atoi(optarg));
break;
case '?': /* Error message printed */
break;
default: abort ();
}
}
/* Print any remaining command line arguments (not options). */
if (optind < argc)
{
printf ("\nNon-option ARGV-elements: ");
while (optind < argc)
printf ("%s ", argv[optind++]);
putchar ('\n');
}
/* check if all mandatory options are set and for unknown arguments */
/* This really needs changing... */
if ((dip && sip && dport && sport) == 0)
{
usage();
return (-1);
}
fprintf(stdout, "SPORT : %d, DPORT : %d\n", sport, dport);
/* change */
pthread_t tid_pr;
if (pthread_create(&tid_pr, NULL, capture, NULL) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "can't create raw packet reader: %s\n", strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
printf("\nRaw packet reader created\nWaiting 1 second for packet reader thread to settle down...\n\n");
sleep(1);
run();
pthread_join(tid_pr, NULL);
getchar ();
exit (0);
}
int send_syn(unsigned int sourceip, unsigned int destip, unsigned short sourceport,
unsigned short destport)
{
//const int one = 1;
char buffer[PCKT_LEN];
struct sockaddr_in sin;
struct ipheader *ip;
struct tcpheader *tcp;
ip = (struct ipheader *) buffer;
tcp = (struct tcpheader *) buffer + ip->iph_ihl *4;
/* IP attributes */
ip->iph_ihl = 5;
ip->iph_ver = 4;
ip->iph_tos = 16;
ip->iph_len = sizeof(struct ipheader) + sizeof(struct tcpheader);
ip->iph_id = htons(54321);
ip->iph_offset = 0;
ip->iph_ttl = 64;
ip->iph_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
ip->iph_chksum = 0;
ip->iph_sourceip = sip;
ip->iph_destip = dip;
ip->iph_chksum = checksum ((unsigned short *) buffer, (sizeof (struct
ipheader )+ sizeof (struct tcpheader)));
/* TCP attributes */
tcp->tcph_sourceport = sport;
tcp->tcph_destport = dport;
tcp->tcph_seqnum = htonl(1); /* ADD SEQ NUM THINGY */
tcp->tcph_offset = 5;
tcp->tcph_flags = TH_SYN;
tcp->tcph_win = htons(32767);
tcp->tcph_chksum = 0;
tcp->tcph_urgptr = 0;
tcp->tcph_chksum = (unsigned short) checksum_tcp((unsigned short) (ip->iph_len - ip->iph_ihl *4), (unsigned short *) &ip->iph_sourceip,
(unsigned short *) &ip->iph_destip, (unsigned short *) &tcp);
/* Address family */
sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
sin.sin_addr.s_addr = ip->iph_destip;
/* Send */
if (sendto(sock, buffer, ip->iph_len, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&sin, sizeof(sin)) < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "\nCan't send packet\n");
return (-1);
}
else
printf("Packet sent to %d", dip);
close(sock);
return 0;
}
int send_syn_ack(unsigned int sourceip, unsigned int destip, unsigned short sourceport,
unsigned short destport, unsigned long s_seq)
{
//const int one = 1;
char buffer[PCKT_LEN];
struct sockaddr_in sin;
struct ipheader *ip;
struct tcpheader *tcp;
ip = (struct ipheader *) buffer;
tcp = (struct tcpheader *) buffer + ip->iph_ihl *4;
/* IP attributes */
ip->iph_ihl = 5;
ip->iph_ver = 4;
ip->iph_tos = 16;
ip->iph_len = sizeof(struct ipheader) + sizeof(struct tcpheader);
ip->iph_id = htons(54321);
ip->iph_offset = 0;
ip->iph_ttl = 64;
ip->iph_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
ip->iph_chksum = 0;
ip->iph_sourceip = sip;
ip->iph_destip = dip;
ip->iph_chksum = checksum ((unsigned short *) buffer, (sizeof (struct
ipheader )+ sizeof (struct tcpheader)));
/* TCP attributes */
tcp->tcph_sourceport = sport;
tcp->tcph_destport = dport;
tcp->tcph_seqnum = htonl(1 + 1); /* ADD SEQ NUM THINGY */
tcp->tcph_acknum = htonl (s_seq + 1); /* ADD ACK NUM THINGY */
tcp->tcph_offset = 5;
tcp->tcph_flags = TH_ACK;
tcp->tcph_win = htons(32767);
tcp->tcph_chksum = 0;
tcp->tcph_urgptr = 0;
tcp->tcph_chksum = (unsigned short) checksum_tcp((unsigned short) (ip->iph_len - ip->iph_ihl *4), (unsigned short *) &ip->iph_sourceip,
(unsigned short *) &ip->iph_destip, (unsigned short *) &tcp);
/* Address family */
sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
sin.sin_addr.s_addr = ip->iph_destip;
/* Send */
if (sendto(sock, buffer, ip->iph_len, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&sin, sizeof(sin)) < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "\nCan't send packet : %s\n", strerror(errno));
return (-1);
}
else
printf("Packet sent to %d\n", dip);
close(sock);
return 0;
}
void run()
{
const int one = 1;
//char buffer[PCKT_LEN];
//struct sockaddr_in sin;
//struct ipheader *ip;
//struct tcpheader *tcp;
//ip = (struct ipheader *) buffer;
//tcp = (struct tcpheader *) buffer + ip->iph_ihl *4;
sock = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_TCP);
if (sock < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "\nSocket()\n\n");
exit (-1);
}
else
printf ("socket() - Using SOCK_RAW and TCP protocol is OK.\n");
if ((setsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, (char *)&one, sizeof (one))) < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Can't set socketoptions\n");
exit (-1);
}
else
printf("Socketoptions OK.\n");
send_syn(dip, sip, dport, sport);
}
void receive(u_char *args, const struct pcap_pkthdr *pkthdr, const u_char *buffer)
{
//const int one = 1;
//int LEN = strtol(args, NULL, 0); /* LEN = strtol(args, NULL, 0) ---- int LEN = *args;*/
int LEN = atoi((char *)args);
//struct ipheader *ip;
struct tcpheader *tcp;
//ip = (struct ipheader *)(buffer + LEN);
tcp = (struct tcpheader *)(buffer + LEN + sizeof (struct ipheader));
printf("LEN = %d\n", LEN);
printf("Packet received. ACK number: %d\n", ntohl (tcp->tcph_seqnum));
printf("Packet received. SEQ number: %d\n", ntohl (tcp->tcph_acknum));
s_seq = ntohl (tcp->tcph_seqnum);
send_syn_ack(s_seq, dip, sip, dport, sport);
sleep(100);
}
void* capture(void *unused_arg)
{
pcap_t *pd;
bpf_u_int32 netmask;
bpf_u_int32 localnet;
char filterbuf[64];
snprintf(filterbuf, sizeof(filterbuf), "ip dst host %s", dstip);
char *filter = filterbuf;
//char *dev = NULL;
char dev[] = "eth0";
char errbuf[PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE];
struct bpf_program filterprog;
int dl = 0, dl_len = 0;
/* TODO : SET THE INTERFACE CORRECTLY */
//if ((pd = pcap_open_live(dev, 1514, 1, 500, errbuf)) == NULL) /* Look into snaplen size */
if ((pd = pcap_open_live(dev, 1514, 1, 500, errbuf)) == NULL) /* Look into snaplen size */
{
fprintf(stderr, "can't open device %s: %s\n", dev, errbuf);
exit(1);
}
pcap_lookupnet(dev, &localnet, &netmask, errbuf);
pcap_compile(pd, &filterprog, filter, 0, localnet);
if (pcap_setfilter(pd, &filterprog) == - 1)
{
fprintf(stderr, "can't set pcap filter: %s %s\n", filter, errbuf);
exit(1);
}
pcap_freecode(&filterprog);
dl = pcap_datalink(pd);
switch(dl) {
/* TODO : HANDLE THIS PART CORRECTLY */
case 1:
dl_len = 14; /* Ethernet header */
fprintf(stdout, "\nDL = %d (ETHERNET)\n", dl);
break;
default:
dl_len = 14;
fprintf(stdout, "\nDL = %d (if you are here please handle correctly)\n", dl);
break;
}
if (pcap_loop(pd, -1, receive, (u_char *) &dl_len) < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "can't get raw packet: %s\n", pcap_geterr(pd));
exit(1);
}
return NULL;
}
void usage()
{
/* This is the user manual (CHANGE) */
printf("\nChannelBunny %s, created 2012\n\n", VERSION);
printf("ChannelBunny Usage: -s -f <file> -i <destip> -p <destport> -o <sourceip> -t <sourceport>\n\n");
printf("-s, --send, Puts program in send mode\n");
printf("-r, --receive, Puts program in receive mode\n");
printf("-f, --file, Specify file\n");
printf("-i, --destip, Destination IP address\n");
printf("-p, --destport, Destination port\n");
printf("-o, --sourceip Source IP address\n");
printf("-t, --sourceport Source port\n");
}
EDIT : Setting interface
To set the interface for pcap_open_live, use ifconfig command to check which interface you want to use, in the case of other interface than ETHERNET, you need to change your code, because the header will change.
To debug your code, you can use the old printf (it's always useful), add this in line in all parts that you suspect to be the cause of trouble:
fprintf(stdout, "Function : %s, Line : %d\n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
EDIT2 : The value of the ETHERNET header passed to the receive function was wrong
Use :
int LEN = *(int *)args;
instead of:
int LEN = strtol(args, NULL, 0);
And then you can see clearly that the LEN is now 14 (Ethernet header length).
Another thing : i don't really understand how you think the global var sock will behave! your socket is created in the run function after the thread was launched! and you try to close it twice : inside send_syn_ack and send_syn.
You need to think the design of your code (take some time to do so).
I think that you should create the main socket inside the main function and close it when you want (inside the main function or when some errors occur).
Last thing please use : strerror(errno) with all your calls so you can trace the errors easily.
Hope this help.

Related

Why is sendto returning zero with raw sockets?

The following program uses a PF_PACKET socket to send a TCP SYN packet to web server read from a file which is a list of web server IPv4 addresses - one address per line. The code is quite long because it takes a lot of code to obtain the gateway router MAC and IP address necessary for filling in the ethernet and IP headers. The good news is you can just skip all the functions in the preamble and just go to main which is where the problem is.
My program works perfectly for the first iteration of the while loop in main. Here is the output:
$ sudo ./mmap/my_mmap_with_one_socket ip
Soft: 1024 Hard: 1048576
New Soft: 1048576 New Hard: 1048576
Main routing table IPv4
default via 192.168.1.254 dev enp3s0
10.8.0.0/24 dev tun0
169.254.0.0/16 dev enp3s0
192.168.1.0/24 dev enp3s0
get_if_info for enp3s0
interface index is 2
get_if_info OK
Clean up temporary socket
bind_arp: ifindex=2
Binding to ifindex 2
Copy IP address to arp_req
read_arp
received ARP len=60
Sender IP: 192.168.1.254
Sender MAC: 70:97:41:4B:1E:C2
Got reply, break out
send 1 packets (+54 bytes)
But then the program doesn't make any progress because sendto keeps returning zero on every subsequent iteration. Why? How can I fix this?
Here's the code:
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <linux/if_packet.h>
#include <net/ethernet.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h> //Provides declarations for tcp header
#include <netinet/ip.h> //Provides declarations for ip header
#include <netinet/ether.h>
#include <ifaddrs.h>
#include <asm/types.h>
#include <linux/if_ether.h>
//#include <linux/if_arp.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h> //htons etc
#include <time.h>
#include <linux/rtnetlink.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
#define PROTO_ARP 0x0806
#define ETH2_HEADER_LEN 14
#define HW_TYPE 1
#define MAC_LENGTH 6
#define IPV4_LENGTH 4
#define ARP_REQUEST 0x01
#define ARP_REPLY 0x02
#define BUF_SIZE 60
#define MAX_CONNECTIONS 10000
#define debug(x...) printf(x);printf("\n");
#define info(x...) printf(x);printf("\n");
#define warn(x...) printf(x);printf("\n");
#define err(x...) printf(x);printf("\n");
static char * str_devname= NULL;
static int mode_loss = 0;
static int c_packet_sz = 150;
static int c_buffer_sz = 1024*8;
static int c_buffer_nb = 1024;
static int c_sndbuf_sz = 0;
static int c_send_mask = 127;
static int c_error = 0;
static int c_mtu = 0;
static int mode_thread = 0;
volatile int fd_socket;
volatile int data_offset = 0;
volatile struct tpacket_hdr * ps_header_start;
volatile struct sockaddr_ll *ps_sockaddr = NULL;
volatile int shutdown_flag = 0;
int done = 0;
struct tpacket_req s_packet_req;
unsigned char buffer[BUF_SIZE];
struct arp_header *arp_resp = (struct arp_header *) (buffer + ETH2_HEADER_LEN);
char ifname[512];
char ip[512];
/*
96 bit (12 bytes) pseudo header needed for tcp header checksum calculation
*/
struct pseudo_header
{
u_int32_t source_address;
u_int32_t dest_address;
u_int8_t placeholder;
u_int8_t protocol;
u_int16_t tcp_length;
};
struct arp_header {
unsigned short hardware_type;
unsigned short protocol_type;
unsigned char hardware_len;
unsigned char protocol_len;
unsigned short opcode;
unsigned char sender_mac[MAC_LENGTH];
unsigned char sender_ip[IPV4_LENGTH];
unsigned char target_mac[MAC_LENGTH];
unsigned char target_ip[IPV4_LENGTH];
};
int rtnl_receive(int fd, struct msghdr *msg, int flags)
{
int len;
do {
len = recvmsg(fd, msg, flags);
} while (len < 0 && (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN));
if (len < 0) {
perror("Netlink receive failed");
return -errno;
}
if (len == 0) {
perror("EOF on netlink");
return -ENODATA;
}
return len;
}
static int rtnl_recvmsg(int fd, struct msghdr *msg, char **answer)
{
struct iovec *iov = msg->msg_iov;
char *buf;
int len;
iov->iov_base = NULL;
iov->iov_len = 0;
len = rtnl_receive(fd, msg, MSG_PEEK | MSG_TRUNC);
if (len < 0) {
return len;
}
buf = malloc(len);
if (!buf) {
perror("malloc failed");
return -ENOMEM;
}
iov->iov_base = buf;
iov->iov_len = len;
len = rtnl_receive(fd, msg, 0);
if (len < 0) {
free(buf);
return len;
}
*answer = buf;
return len;
}
void parse_rtattr(struct rtattr *tb[], int max, struct rtattr *rta, int len)
{
memset(tb, 0, sizeof(struct rtattr *) * (max + 1));
while (RTA_OK(rta, len)) {
if (rta->rta_type <= max) {
tb[rta->rta_type] = rta;
}
rta = RTA_NEXT(rta,len);
}
}
static inline int rtm_get_table(struct rtmsg *r, struct rtattr **tb)
{
__u32 table = r->rtm_table;
if (tb[RTA_TABLE]) {
table = *(__u32 *)RTA_DATA(tb[RTA_TABLE]);
}
return table;
}
void print_route(struct nlmsghdr* nl_header_answer)
{
struct rtmsg* r = NLMSG_DATA(nl_header_answer);
int len = nl_header_answer->nlmsg_len;
struct rtattr* tb[RTA_MAX+1];
int table;
char buf[256];
len -= NLMSG_LENGTH(sizeof(*r));
if (len < 0) {
perror("Wrong message length");
return;
}
parse_rtattr(tb, RTA_MAX, RTM_RTA(r), len);
table = rtm_get_table(r, tb);
if (r->rtm_family != AF_INET && table != RT_TABLE_MAIN) {
return;
}
if (tb[RTA_DST]) {
if ((r->rtm_dst_len != 24) && (r->rtm_dst_len != 16)) {
return;
}
printf("%s/%u ", inet_ntop(r->rtm_family, RTA_DATA(tb[RTA_DST]), buf, sizeof(buf)), r->rtm_dst_len);
} else if (r->rtm_dst_len) {
printf("0/%u ", r->rtm_dst_len);
} else {
printf("default ");
}
if (tb[RTA_GATEWAY]) {
printf("via %s", inet_ntop(r->rtm_family, RTA_DATA(tb[RTA_GATEWAY]), buf, sizeof(buf)));
strcpy(ip, inet_ntop(r->rtm_family, RTA_DATA(tb[RTA_GATEWAY]), buf, sizeof(buf)));
}
if (tb[RTA_OIF]) {
char if_nam_buf[IF_NAMESIZE];
int ifidx = *(__u32 *)RTA_DATA(tb[RTA_OIF]);
printf(" dev %s", if_indextoname(ifidx, if_nam_buf));
}
if (tb[RTA_GATEWAY] && tb[RTA_OIF]) {
char if_nam_buf[IF_NAMESIZE];
int ifidx = *(__u32 *)RTA_DATA(tb[RTA_OIF]);
strcpy(ifname, if_indextoname(ifidx, if_nam_buf));
}
if (tb[RTA_SRC]) {
printf("src %s", inet_ntop(r->rtm_family, RTA_DATA(tb[RTA_SRC]), buf, sizeof(buf)));
}
printf("\n");
}
int open_netlink()
{
struct sockaddr_nl saddr;
int sock = socket(AF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, NETLINK_ROUTE);
if (sock < 0) {
perror("Failed to open netlink socket");
return -1;
}
memset(&saddr, 0, sizeof(saddr));
saddr.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
saddr.nl_pid = getpid();
if (bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&saddr, sizeof(saddr)) < 0) {
perror("Failed to bind to netlink socket");
close(sock);
return -1;
}
return sock;
}
int do_route_dump_requst(int sock)
{
struct {
struct nlmsghdr nlh;
struct rtmsg rtm;
} nl_request;
nl_request.nlh.nlmsg_type = RTM_GETROUTE;
nl_request.nlh.nlmsg_flags = NLM_F_REQUEST | NLM_F_DUMP;
nl_request.nlh.nlmsg_len = sizeof(nl_request);
nl_request.nlh.nlmsg_seq = time(NULL);
nl_request.rtm.rtm_family = AF_INET;
return send(sock, &nl_request, sizeof(nl_request), 0);
}
int get_route_dump_response(int sock)
{
struct sockaddr_nl nladdr;
struct iovec iov;
struct msghdr msg = {
.msg_name = &nladdr,
.msg_namelen = sizeof(nladdr),
.msg_iov = &iov,
.msg_iovlen = 1,
};
char *buf;
int dump_intr = 0;
int status = rtnl_recvmsg(sock, &msg, &buf);
struct nlmsghdr *h = (struct nlmsghdr *)buf;
int msglen = status;
printf("Main routing table IPv4\n");
while (NLMSG_OK(h, msglen)) {
if (h->nlmsg_flags & NLM_F_DUMP_INTR) {
fprintf(stderr, "Dump was interrupted\n");
free(buf);
return -1;
}
if (nladdr.nl_pid != 0) {
continue;
}
if (h->nlmsg_type == NLMSG_ERROR) {
perror("netlink reported error");
free(buf);
}
print_route(h);
h = NLMSG_NEXT(h, msglen);
}
free(buf);
return status;
}
/*
* Converts struct sockaddr with an IPv4 address to network byte order uin32_t.
* Returns 0 on success.
*/
int int_ip4(struct sockaddr *addr, uint32_t *ip)
{
if (addr->sa_family == AF_INET) {
struct sockaddr_in *i = (struct sockaddr_in *) addr;
*ip = i->sin_addr.s_addr;
return 0;
} else {
err("Not AF_INET");
return 1;
}
}
/*
* Formats sockaddr containing IPv4 address as human readable string.
* Returns 0 on success.
*/
int format_ip4(struct sockaddr *addr, char *out)
{
if (addr->sa_family == AF_INET) {
struct sockaddr_in *i = (struct sockaddr_in *) addr;
const char *ip = inet_ntoa(i->sin_addr);
if (!ip) {
return -2;
} else {
strcpy(out, ip);
return 0;
}
} else {
return -1;
}
}
/*
* Writes interface IPv4 address as network byte order to ip.
* Returns 0 on success.
*/
int get_if_ip4(int fd, const char *ifname, uint32_t *ip) {
int err = -1;
struct ifreq ifr;
memset(&ifr, 0, sizeof(struct ifreq));
if (strlen(ifname) > (IFNAMSIZ - 1)) {
err("Too long interface name");
goto out;
}
strcpy(ifr.ifr_name, ifname);
if (ioctl(fd, SIOCGIFADDR, &ifr) == -1) {
perror("SIOCGIFADDR");
goto out;
}
if (int_ip4(&ifr.ifr_addr, ip)) {
goto out;
}
err = 0;
out:
return err;
}
/*
* Sends an ARP who-has request to dst_ip
* on interface ifindex, using source mac src_mac and source ip src_ip.
*/
int send_arp(int fd, int ifindex, const unsigned char *src_mac, uint32_t src_ip, uint32_t dst_ip)
{
int err = -1;
unsigned char buffer[BUF_SIZE];
memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
struct sockaddr_ll socket_address;
socket_address.sll_family = AF_PACKET;
socket_address.sll_protocol = htons(ETH_P_ARP);
socket_address.sll_ifindex = ifindex;
socket_address.sll_hatype = htons(ARPHRD_ETHER);
socket_address.sll_pkttype = (PACKET_BROADCAST);
socket_address.sll_halen = MAC_LENGTH;
socket_address.sll_addr[6] = 0x00;
socket_address.sll_addr[7] = 0x00;
struct ethhdr *send_req = (struct ethhdr *) buffer;
struct arp_header *arp_req = (struct arp_header *) (buffer + ETH2_HEADER_LEN);
int index;
ssize_t ret, length = 0;
//Broadcast
memset(send_req->h_dest, 0xff, MAC_LENGTH);
//Target MAC zero
memset(arp_req->target_mac, 0x00, MAC_LENGTH);
//Set source mac to our MAC address
memcpy(send_req->h_source, src_mac, MAC_LENGTH);
memcpy(arp_req->sender_mac, src_mac, MAC_LENGTH);
memcpy(socket_address.sll_addr, src_mac, MAC_LENGTH);
/* Setting protocol of the packet */
send_req->h_proto = htons(ETH_P_ARP);
/* Creating ARP request */
arp_req->hardware_type = htons(HW_TYPE);
arp_req->protocol_type = htons(ETH_P_IP);
arp_req->hardware_len = MAC_LENGTH;
arp_req->protocol_len = IPV4_LENGTH;
arp_req->opcode = htons(ARP_REQUEST);
debug("Copy IP address to arp_req");
memcpy(arp_req->sender_ip, &src_ip, sizeof(uint32_t));
memcpy(arp_req->target_ip, &dst_ip, sizeof(uint32_t));
ret = sendto(fd, buffer, 42, 0, (struct sockaddr *) &socket_address, sizeof(socket_address));
if (ret == -1) {
perror("sendto():");
goto out;
}
err = 0;
out:
return err;
}
/*
* Gets interface information by name:
* IPv4
* MAC
* ifindex
*/
int get_if_info(const char *ifname, uint32_t *ip, char *mac, int *ifindex)
{
debug("get_if_info for %s", ifname);
int err = -1;
struct ifreq ifr;
int sd = socket(AF_PACKET, SOCK_RAW, htons(ETH_P_ARP));
if (sd <= 0) {
perror("socket()");
goto out;
}
if (strlen(ifname) > (IFNAMSIZ - 1)) {
printf("Too long interface name, MAX=%i\n", IFNAMSIZ - 1);
goto out;
}
strcpy(ifr.ifr_name, ifname);
//Get interface index using name
if (ioctl(sd, SIOCGIFINDEX, &ifr) == -1) {
perror("SIOCGIFINDEX");
goto out;
}
*ifindex = ifr.ifr_ifindex;
printf("interface index is %d\n", *ifindex);
//Get MAC address of the interface
if (ioctl(sd, SIOCGIFHWADDR, &ifr) == -1) {
perror("SIOCGIFINDEX");
goto out;
}
//Copy mac address to output
memcpy(mac, ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data, MAC_LENGTH);
if (get_if_ip4(sd, ifname, ip)) {
goto out;
}
debug("get_if_info OK");
err = 0;
out:
if (sd > 0) {
debug("Clean up temporary socket");
close(sd);
}
return err;
}
/*
* Creates a raw socket that listens for ARP traffic on specific ifindex.
* Writes out the socket's FD.
* Return 0 on success.
*/
int bind_arp(int ifindex, int *fd)
{
debug("bind_arp: ifindex=%i", ifindex);
int ret = -1;
// Submit request for a raw socket descriptor.
*fd = socket(AF_PACKET, SOCK_RAW, htons(ETH_P_ARP));
if (*fd < 1) {
perror("socket()");
goto out;
}
debug("Binding to ifindex %i", ifindex);
struct sockaddr_ll sll;
memset(&sll, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_ll));
sll.sll_family = AF_PACKET;
sll.sll_ifindex = ifindex;
if (bind(*fd, (struct sockaddr*) &sll, sizeof(struct sockaddr_ll)) < 0) {
perror("bind");
goto out;
}
ret = 0;
out:
if (ret && *fd > 0) {
debug("Cleanup socket");
close(*fd);
}
return ret;
}
/*
* Reads a single ARP reply from fd.
* Return 0 on success.
*/
int read_arp(int fd)
{
debug("read_arp");
int ret = -1;
ssize_t length = recvfrom(fd, buffer, BUF_SIZE, 0, NULL, NULL);
int index;
if (length == -1) {
perror("recvfrom()");
goto out;
}
struct ethhdr *rcv_resp = (struct ethhdr *) buffer;
if (ntohs(rcv_resp->h_proto) != PROTO_ARP) {
debug("Not an ARP packet");
goto out;
}
if (ntohs(arp_resp->opcode) != ARP_REPLY) {
debug("Not an ARP reply");
goto out;
}
debug("received ARP len=%ld", length);
struct in_addr sender_a;
memset(&sender_a, 0, sizeof(struct in_addr));
memcpy(&sender_a.s_addr, arp_resp->sender_ip, sizeof(uint32_t));
debug("Sender IP: %s", inet_ntoa(sender_a));
debug("Sender MAC: %02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X",
arp_resp->sender_mac[0],
arp_resp->sender_mac[1],
arp_resp->sender_mac[2],
arp_resp->sender_mac[3],
arp_resp->sender_mac[4],
arp_resp->sender_mac[5]);
ret = 0;
out:
return ret;
}
/*
*
* Sample code that sends an ARP who-has request on
* interface <ifname> to IPv4 address <ip>.
* Returns 0 on success.
*/
int test_arping(const char *ifname, const char *ip) {
int ret = -1;
uint32_t dst = inet_addr(ip);
if (dst == 0 || dst == 0xffffffff) {
printf("Invalid source IP\n");
return 1;
}
int src;
int ifindex;
char mac[MAC_LENGTH];
if (get_if_info(ifname, &src, mac, &ifindex)) {
err("get_if_info failed, interface %s not found or no IP set?", ifname);
goto out;
}
int arp_fd;
if (bind_arp(ifindex, &arp_fd)) {
err("Failed to bind_arp()");
goto out;
}
if (send_arp(arp_fd, ifindex, mac, src, dst)) {
err("Failed to send_arp");
goto out;
}
while(1) {
int r = read_arp(arp_fd);
if (r == 0) {
info("Got reply, break out");
break;
}
}
ret = 0;
out:
if (arp_fd) {
close(arp_fd);
arp_fd = 0;
}
return ret;
}
unsigned short checksum2(const char *buf, unsigned size)
{
unsigned long long sum = 0;
const unsigned long long *b = (unsigned long long *) buf;
unsigned t1, t2;
unsigned short t3, t4;
/* Main loop - 8 bytes at a time */
while (size >= sizeof(unsigned long long))
{
unsigned long long s = *b++;
sum += s;
if (sum < s) sum++;
size -= 8;
}
/* Handle tail less than 8-bytes long */
buf = (const char *) b;
if (size & 4)
{
unsigned s = *(unsigned *)buf;
sum += s;
if (sum < s) sum++;
buf += 4;
}
if (size & 2)
{
unsigned short s = *(unsigned short *) buf;
sum += s;
if (sum < s) sum++;
buf += 2;
}
if (size)
{
unsigned char s = *(unsigned char *) buf;
sum += s;
if (sum < s) sum++;
}
/* Fold down to 16 bits */
t1 = sum;
t2 = sum >> 32;
t1 += t2;
if (t1 < t2) t1++;
t3 = t1;
t4 = t1 >> 16;
t3 += t4;
if (t3 < t4) t3++;
return ~t3;
}
int main( int argc, char ** argv )
{
uint32_t size;
size_t len;
struct sockaddr_ll my_addr, peer_addr;
int i_ifindex;
int ec;
struct ifreq s_ifr; /* points to one interface returned from ioctl */
int tmp;
FILE * fp;
char server[254];
int count = 0;
int first_time = 1;
int z;
int first_mmap = 1;
#define HWADDR_len 6
#define IP_len 4
int s,s2,i;
struct ifreq ifr,ifr2;
int ret = -1;
struct rlimit lim;
if (argc != 2) {
printf("Usage: %s <INPUT_FILE>\n", argv[0]);
return 1;
}
getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &lim);
printf("Soft: %d Hard: %d\n", (int)lim.rlim_cur, (int)lim.rlim_max);
lim.rlim_cur = lim.rlim_max;
if (setrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &lim) == -1) {
printf("rlimit failed\n");
return -1;
}
getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &lim);
printf("New Soft: %d New Hard: %d\n", (int)lim.rlim_cur, (int)lim.rlim_max);
int nl_sock = open_netlink();
if (do_route_dump_requst(nl_sock) < 0) {
perror("Failed to perfom request");
close(nl_sock);
return -1;
}
get_route_dump_response(nl_sock);
close (nl_sock);
test_arping(ifname, ip);
s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
s2 = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
strcpy(ifr.ifr_name, ifname);
strcpy(ifr2.ifr_name, ifname);
ioctl(s, SIOCGIFHWADDR, &ifr);
ioctl(s2, SIOCGIFADDR, &ifr2);
struct sockaddr_in* ipaddr = (struct sockaddr_in*)&ifr2.ifr_addr;
close(s);
fp = fopen(argv[1], "r");
if (!fp)
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
fd_socket = socket(PF_PACKET, SOCK_RAW, htons(ETH_P_ALL));
if(fd_socket == -1)
{
perror("socket");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
/* clear structure */
memset(&my_addr, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_ll));
my_addr.sll_family = PF_PACKET;
my_addr.sll_protocol = htons(ETH_P_ALL);
str_devname = ifname;
//strcpy (str_devname, ifname);
/* initialize interface struct */
strncpy (s_ifr.ifr_name, str_devname, sizeof(s_ifr.ifr_name));
/* Get the broad cast address */
ec = ioctl(fd_socket, SIOCGIFINDEX, &s_ifr);
if(ec == -1)
{
perror("iotcl");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
/* update with interface index */
i_ifindex = s_ifr.ifr_ifindex;
s_ifr.ifr_mtu = 7200;
/* update the mtu through ioctl */
ec = ioctl(fd_socket, SIOCSIFMTU, &s_ifr);
if(ec == -1)
{
perror("iotcl");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
/* set sockaddr info */
memset(&my_addr, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_ll));
my_addr.sll_family = AF_PACKET;
my_addr.sll_protocol = ETH_P_ALL;
my_addr.sll_ifindex = i_ifindex;
/* bind port */
if (bind(fd_socket, (struct sockaddr *)&my_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_ll)) == -1)
{
perror("bind");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
/* prepare Tx ring request */
s_packet_req.tp_block_size = c_buffer_sz;
s_packet_req.tp_frame_size = c_buffer_sz;
s_packet_req.tp_block_nr = c_buffer_nb;
s_packet_req.tp_frame_nr = c_buffer_nb;
/* calculate memory to mmap in the kernel */
size = s_packet_req.tp_block_size * s_packet_req.tp_block_nr;
/* set packet loss option */
tmp = mode_loss;
if (setsockopt(fd_socket, SOL_PACKET, PACKET_LOSS, (char *)&tmp, sizeof(tmp))<0)
{
perror("setsockopt: PACKET_LOSS");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
/* send TX ring request */
if (setsockopt(fd_socket, SOL_PACKET, PACKET_TX_RING, (char *)&s_packet_req, sizeof(s_packet_req))<0)
{
perror("setsockopt: PACKET_TX_RING");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
/* change send buffer size */
if(c_sndbuf_sz) {
printf("send buff size = %d\n", c_sndbuf_sz);
if (setsockopt(fd_socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &c_sndbuf_sz, sizeof(c_sndbuf_sz))< 0)
{
perror("getsockopt: SO_SNDBUF");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
}
/* get data offset */
data_offset = TPACKET_HDRLEN - sizeof(struct sockaddr_ll);
/* mmap Tx ring buffers memory */
ps_header_start = mmap(0, size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd_socket, 0);
if (ps_header_start == (void*)-1)
{
perror("mmap");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
while (!done)
{
char * data;
int first_loop = 1;
struct tpacket_hdr * ps_header;
int ec_send = 0;
ps_header = ((struct tpacket_hdr *)((void *)ps_header_start));
data = ((void*) ps_header) + data_offset;
//Datagram to represent the packet
char datagram[4096] , source_ip[32] , *pseudogram;
//zero out the packet buffer
memset (datagram, 0, 4096);
//Ethernet header
struct ether_header *eh = (struct ether_header *) datagram;
//IP header
struct iphdr *iph = (struct iphdr *) (datagram + sizeof (struct ether_header));
//TCP header
struct tcphdr *tcph = (struct tcphdr *) (datagram + sizeof (struct ether_header) + sizeof (struct ip));
struct sockaddr_in sin;
struct pseudo_header psh;
//some address resolution
strcpy(source_ip , inet_ntoa(ipaddr->sin_addr));
sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
sin.sin_port = htons(80);
if (fscanf(fp, "%253s", server) == 1)
{
sin.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr (server);
//printf("%s\n", server);
}
else
{
done = 1;
break;
}
//Fill in the Ethernet Header
eh->ether_dhost[0] = arp_resp->sender_mac[0];
eh->ether_dhost[1] = arp_resp->sender_mac[1];
eh->ether_dhost[2] = arp_resp->sender_mac[2];
eh->ether_dhost[3] = arp_resp->sender_mac[3];
eh->ether_dhost[4] = arp_resp->sender_mac[4];
eh->ether_dhost[5] = arp_resp->sender_mac[5];
memcpy(eh->ether_shost, ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data, HWADDR_len);
eh->ether_type = htons(0x0800);
//Fill in the IP Header
iph->ihl = 5;
iph->version = 4;
iph->tos = 0;
iph->tot_len = htons(sizeof (struct iphdr) + sizeof (struct tcphdr));
iph->id = htons (54321); //Id of this packet
iph->frag_off = 0;
iph->ttl = 255;
iph->protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
iph->check = 0; //Set to 0 before calculating checksum
iph->saddr = inet_addr ( source_ip );
iph->daddr = sin.sin_addr.s_addr;
//Ip checksum
iph->check = checksum2 (datagram + sizeof (struct ether_header), sizeof (struct iphdr));
//TCP Header
tcph->source = htons (1234);
tcph->dest = htons (80);
tcph->seq = 0;
tcph->ack_seq = 0;
tcph->doff = 5; //tcp header size
tcph->fin=0;
tcph->syn=1;
tcph->rst=0;
tcph->psh=0;
tcph->ack=0;
tcph->urg=0;
tcph->window = htons (5840); // maximum allowed window size
tcph->check = 0; //leave checksum 0 now, filled later by pseudo header
tcph->urg_ptr = 0;
//Now the TCP checksum
psh.source_address = inet_addr( source_ip );
psh.dest_address = sin.sin_addr.s_addr;
psh.placeholder = 0;
psh.protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
psh.tcp_length = htons(sizeof(struct tcphdr));
int psize = sizeof(struct pseudo_header) + sizeof(struct tcphdr);
pseudogram = malloc(psize);
memcpy(pseudogram , (char*) &psh , sizeof (struct pseudo_header));
memcpy(pseudogram + sizeof(struct pseudo_header) , tcph , sizeof(struct tcphdr));
tcph->check = checksum2(pseudogram , psize);
memcpy(data, datagram, (sizeof(struct ether_header) + sizeof(struct iphdr) + sizeof(struct tcphdr)));
free(pseudogram);
len = sizeof(struct ether_header) + sizeof(struct iphdr) + sizeof(struct tcphdr);
//printf("len=%d data=%s\n", len, data);
//for (int k = 0; k < len; k++)
// printf("%c ", data + k);
//printf("\n");
/* update packet len */
ps_header->tp_len = len;
/* set header flag to USER (trigs xmit)*/
ps_header->tp_status = TP_STATUS_SEND_REQUEST;
//int ec_send;
static int total=0;
/* send all buffers with TP_STATUS_SEND_REQUEST */
/* Wait end of transfer */
ec_send = sendto(fd_socket,NULL,0,0,(struct sockaddr *) ps_sockaddr,sizeof(struct sockaddr_ll));
if(ec_send < 0) {
perror("sendto");
}
else if ( ec_send == 0 ) {
/* nothing to do => schedule : useful if no SMP */
//printf("Sleeping\n");
usleep(0);
}
else {
total += ec_send/(len);
printf("send %d packets (+%d bytes)\n",total, ec_send);
fflush(0);
}
}
//ps_header_start = mmap(0, size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd_socket, 0);
if (munmap(ps_header_start, size) == -1)
{
perror("munmap");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
close(fd_socket);
return 1;
}
If you are going to use PACKET_TX_RING, then you must play by its rules: that means you can't use the same buffer spot over and over: you must advance to the next buffer location within the ring buffer: build the first packet in slot 0, the second in slot 1, etc. (wrapping when you get to the end of the buffer).
But you're building every packet in slot 0 (i.e. at ps_header_start) but after sending the first packet, the kernel is expecting the next frame in the subsequent slot. It will never find the (second) packet you created in slot 0 until it has processed all the other slots. But it's looking at slot 1 and seeing that the tp_status in that slot hasn't been set to TP_STATUS_SEND_REQUEST yet so... nothing to do.
Note that your sendto call is not providing a buffer address to the kernel. That's because the kernel knows where the next packet will come from, it must be in the next slot in the ring buffer following the one you just sent.
This is why I suggested in your other question that you not use PACKET_TX_RING unless you really need it: it's more complicated to do correctly. It's much easier to just create your frame in a static buffer and call sendto(fd, buffer_address, buffer_len, ...). And if you are going to call sendto for each created frame, there is literally no advantage to using PACKET_TX_RING anyway.

Why is my non blocking raw sockets program running so slowly?

I have a program which uses PF_PACKET raw sockets to send TCP SYN packets to a list of web servers. The program reads in a file which has an IPv4 address on each line of a web server. The program is the beginnings of an attempt to connect to multiple servers in a high performance manner. However, currently the program is only sending about 10 packets/second. This despite the program using non blocking socket. It should be running orders of magnitude faster. Any ideas why it could be running so slowly.
I include a full code listing below. Warning - the code is quite long. That's because it takes a surprisingly large amount of code to get the IP and MAC address of the gateway router. The good news is you can skip all the functions before main because they just do the necessary work of getting the IP and MAC address of the router as well as the local IP address. Anyway, here's the code:
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <linux/if_packet.h>
#include <net/ethernet.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h> //Provides declarations for tcp header
#include <netinet/ip.h> //Provides declarations for ip header
#include <netinet/ether.h>
#include <ifaddrs.h>
#include <asm/types.h>
#include <linux/if_ether.h>
//#include <linux/if_arp.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h> //htons etc
#include <time.h>
#include <linux/rtnetlink.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
#define PROTO_ARP 0x0806
#define ETH2_HEADER_LEN 14
#define HW_TYPE 1
#define MAC_LENGTH 6
#define IPV4_LENGTH 4
#define ARP_REQUEST 0x01
#define ARP_REPLY 0x02
#define BUF_SIZE 60
#define MAX_CONNECTIONS 10000
#define debug(x...) printf(x);printf("\n");
#define info(x...) printf(x);printf("\n");
#define warn(x...) printf(x);printf("\n");
#define err(x...) printf(x);printf("\n");
static char * str_devname= NULL;
static int mode_loss = 0;
static int c_packet_sz = 150;
static int c_buffer_sz = 1024*8;
static int c_buffer_nb = 1024;
static int c_sndbuf_sz = 0;
static int c_send_mask = 127;
static int c_error = 0;
static int c_mtu = 0;
static int mode_thread = 0;
volatile int fd_socket;
volatile int data_offset = 0;
volatile struct tpacket_hdr * ps_header_start;
volatile struct sockaddr_ll *ps_sockaddr = NULL;
volatile int shutdown_flag = 0;
int done = 0;
struct tpacket_req s_packet_req;
unsigned char buffer[BUF_SIZE];
struct arp_header *arp_resp = (struct arp_header *) (buffer + ETH2_HEADER_LEN);
char ifname[512];
char ip[512];
/*
96 bit (12 bytes) pseudo header needed for tcp header checksum calculation
*/
struct pseudo_header
{
u_int32_t source_address;
u_int32_t dest_address;
u_int8_t placeholder;
u_int8_t protocol;
u_int16_t tcp_length;
};
struct arp_header {
unsigned short hardware_type;
unsigned short protocol_type;
unsigned char hardware_len;
unsigned char protocol_len;
unsigned short opcode;
unsigned char sender_mac[MAC_LENGTH];
unsigned char sender_ip[IPV4_LENGTH];
unsigned char target_mac[MAC_LENGTH];
unsigned char target_ip[IPV4_LENGTH];
};
int rtnl_receive(int fd, struct msghdr *msg, int flags)
{
int len;
do {
len = recvmsg(fd, msg, flags);
} while (len < 0 && (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN));
if (len < 0) {
perror("Netlink receive failed");
return -errno;
}
if (len == 0) {
perror("EOF on netlink");
return -ENODATA;
}
return len;
}
static int rtnl_recvmsg(int fd, struct msghdr *msg, char **answer)
{
struct iovec *iov = msg->msg_iov;
char *buf;
int len;
iov->iov_base = NULL;
iov->iov_len = 0;
len = rtnl_receive(fd, msg, MSG_PEEK | MSG_TRUNC);
if (len < 0) {
return len;
}
buf = malloc(len);
if (!buf) {
perror("malloc failed");
return -ENOMEM;
}
iov->iov_base = buf;
iov->iov_len = len;
len = rtnl_receive(fd, msg, 0);
if (len < 0) {
free(buf);
return len;
}
*answer = buf;
return len;
}
void parse_rtattr(struct rtattr *tb[], int max, struct rtattr *rta, int len)
{
memset(tb, 0, sizeof(struct rtattr *) * (max + 1));
while (RTA_OK(rta, len)) {
if (rta->rta_type <= max) {
tb[rta->rta_type] = rta;
}
rta = RTA_NEXT(rta,len);
}
}
static inline int rtm_get_table(struct rtmsg *r, struct rtattr **tb)
{
__u32 table = r->rtm_table;
if (tb[RTA_TABLE]) {
table = *(__u32 *)RTA_DATA(tb[RTA_TABLE]);
}
return table;
}
void print_route(struct nlmsghdr* nl_header_answer)
{
struct rtmsg* r = NLMSG_DATA(nl_header_answer);
int len = nl_header_answer->nlmsg_len;
struct rtattr* tb[RTA_MAX+1];
int table;
char buf[256];
len -= NLMSG_LENGTH(sizeof(*r));
if (len < 0) {
perror("Wrong message length");
return;
}
parse_rtattr(tb, RTA_MAX, RTM_RTA(r), len);
table = rtm_get_table(r, tb);
if (r->rtm_family != AF_INET && table != RT_TABLE_MAIN) {
return;
}
if (tb[RTA_DST]) {
if ((r->rtm_dst_len != 24) && (r->rtm_dst_len != 16)) {
return;
}
printf("%s/%u ", inet_ntop(r->rtm_family, RTA_DATA(tb[RTA_DST]), buf, sizeof(buf)), r->rtm_dst_len);
} else if (r->rtm_dst_len) {
printf("0/%u ", r->rtm_dst_len);
} else {
printf("default ");
}
if (tb[RTA_GATEWAY]) {
printf("via %s", inet_ntop(r->rtm_family, RTA_DATA(tb[RTA_GATEWAY]), buf, sizeof(buf)));
strcpy(ip, inet_ntop(r->rtm_family, RTA_DATA(tb[RTA_GATEWAY]), buf, sizeof(buf)));
}
if (tb[RTA_OIF]) {
char if_nam_buf[IF_NAMESIZE];
int ifidx = *(__u32 *)RTA_DATA(tb[RTA_OIF]);
printf(" dev %s", if_indextoname(ifidx, if_nam_buf));
}
if (tb[RTA_GATEWAY] && tb[RTA_OIF]) {
char if_nam_buf[IF_NAMESIZE];
int ifidx = *(__u32 *)RTA_DATA(tb[RTA_OIF]);
strcpy(ifname, if_indextoname(ifidx, if_nam_buf));
}
if (tb[RTA_SRC]) {
printf("src %s", inet_ntop(r->rtm_family, RTA_DATA(tb[RTA_SRC]), buf, sizeof(buf)));
}
printf("\n");
}
int open_netlink()
{
struct sockaddr_nl saddr;
int sock = socket(AF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, NETLINK_ROUTE);
if (sock < 0) {
perror("Failed to open netlink socket");
return -1;
}
memset(&saddr, 0, sizeof(saddr));
saddr.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
saddr.nl_pid = getpid();
if (bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&saddr, sizeof(saddr)) < 0) {
perror("Failed to bind to netlink socket");
close(sock);
return -1;
}
return sock;
}
int do_route_dump_requst(int sock)
{
struct {
struct nlmsghdr nlh;
struct rtmsg rtm;
} nl_request;
nl_request.nlh.nlmsg_type = RTM_GETROUTE;
nl_request.nlh.nlmsg_flags = NLM_F_REQUEST | NLM_F_DUMP;
nl_request.nlh.nlmsg_len = sizeof(nl_request);
nl_request.nlh.nlmsg_seq = time(NULL);
nl_request.rtm.rtm_family = AF_INET;
return send(sock, &nl_request, sizeof(nl_request), 0);
}
int get_route_dump_response(int sock)
{
struct sockaddr_nl nladdr;
struct iovec iov;
struct msghdr msg = {
.msg_name = &nladdr,
.msg_namelen = sizeof(nladdr),
.msg_iov = &iov,
.msg_iovlen = 1,
};
char *buf;
int dump_intr = 0;
int status = rtnl_recvmsg(sock, &msg, &buf);
struct nlmsghdr *h = (struct nlmsghdr *)buf;
int msglen = status;
printf("Main routing table IPv4\n");
while (NLMSG_OK(h, msglen)) {
if (h->nlmsg_flags & NLM_F_DUMP_INTR) {
fprintf(stderr, "Dump was interrupted\n");
free(buf);
return -1;
}
if (nladdr.nl_pid != 0) {
continue;
}
if (h->nlmsg_type == NLMSG_ERROR) {
perror("netlink reported error");
free(buf);
}
print_route(h);
h = NLMSG_NEXT(h, msglen);
}
free(buf);
return status;
}
/*
* Converts struct sockaddr with an IPv4 address to network byte order uin32_t.
* Returns 0 on success.
*/
int int_ip4(struct sockaddr *addr, uint32_t *ip)
{
if (addr->sa_family == AF_INET) {
struct sockaddr_in *i = (struct sockaddr_in *) addr;
*ip = i->sin_addr.s_addr;
return 0;
} else {
err("Not AF_INET");
return 1;
}
}
/*
* Formats sockaddr containing IPv4 address as human readable string.
* Returns 0 on success.
*/
int format_ip4(struct sockaddr *addr, char *out)
{
if (addr->sa_family == AF_INET) {
struct sockaddr_in *i = (struct sockaddr_in *) addr;
const char *ip = inet_ntoa(i->sin_addr);
if (!ip) {
return -2;
} else {
strcpy(out, ip);
return 0;
}
} else {
return -1;
}
}
/*
* Writes interface IPv4 address as network byte order to ip.
* Returns 0 on success.
*/
int get_if_ip4(int fd, const char *ifname, uint32_t *ip) {
int err = -1;
struct ifreq ifr;
memset(&ifr, 0, sizeof(struct ifreq));
if (strlen(ifname) > (IFNAMSIZ - 1)) {
err("Too long interface name");
goto out;
}
strcpy(ifr.ifr_name, ifname);
if (ioctl(fd, SIOCGIFADDR, &ifr) == -1) {
perror("SIOCGIFADDR");
goto out;
}
if (int_ip4(&ifr.ifr_addr, ip)) {
goto out;
}
err = 0;
out:
return err;
}
/*
* Sends an ARP who-has request to dst_ip
* on interface ifindex, using source mac src_mac and source ip src_ip.
*/
int send_arp(int fd, int ifindex, const unsigned char *src_mac, uint32_t src_ip, uint32_t dst_ip)
{
int err = -1;
unsigned char buffer[BUF_SIZE];
memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
struct sockaddr_ll socket_address;
socket_address.sll_family = AF_PACKET;
socket_address.sll_protocol = htons(ETH_P_ARP);
socket_address.sll_ifindex = ifindex;
socket_address.sll_hatype = htons(ARPHRD_ETHER);
socket_address.sll_pkttype = (PACKET_BROADCAST);
socket_address.sll_halen = MAC_LENGTH;
socket_address.sll_addr[6] = 0x00;
socket_address.sll_addr[7] = 0x00;
struct ethhdr *send_req = (struct ethhdr *) buffer;
struct arp_header *arp_req = (struct arp_header *) (buffer + ETH2_HEADER_LEN);
int index;
ssize_t ret, length = 0;
//Broadcast
memset(send_req->h_dest, 0xff, MAC_LENGTH);
//Target MAC zero
memset(arp_req->target_mac, 0x00, MAC_LENGTH);
//Set source mac to our MAC address
memcpy(send_req->h_source, src_mac, MAC_LENGTH);
memcpy(arp_req->sender_mac, src_mac, MAC_LENGTH);
memcpy(socket_address.sll_addr, src_mac, MAC_LENGTH);
/* Setting protocol of the packet */
send_req->h_proto = htons(ETH_P_ARP);
/* Creating ARP request */
arp_req->hardware_type = htons(HW_TYPE);
arp_req->protocol_type = htons(ETH_P_IP);
arp_req->hardware_len = MAC_LENGTH;
arp_req->protocol_len = IPV4_LENGTH;
arp_req->opcode = htons(ARP_REQUEST);
debug("Copy IP address to arp_req");
memcpy(arp_req->sender_ip, &src_ip, sizeof(uint32_t));
memcpy(arp_req->target_ip, &dst_ip, sizeof(uint32_t));
ret = sendto(fd, buffer, 42, 0, (struct sockaddr *) &socket_address, sizeof(socket_address));
if (ret == -1) {
perror("sendto():");
goto out;
}
err = 0;
out:
return err;
}
/*
* Gets interface information by name:
* IPv4
* MAC
* ifindex
*/
int get_if_info(const char *ifname, uint32_t *ip, char *mac, int *ifindex)
{
debug("get_if_info for %s", ifname);
int err = -1;
struct ifreq ifr;
int sd = socket(AF_PACKET, SOCK_RAW, htons(ETH_P_ARP));
if (sd <= 0) {
perror("socket()");
goto out;
}
if (strlen(ifname) > (IFNAMSIZ - 1)) {
printf("Too long interface name, MAX=%i\n", IFNAMSIZ - 1);
goto out;
}
strcpy(ifr.ifr_name, ifname);
//Get interface index using name
if (ioctl(sd, SIOCGIFINDEX, &ifr) == -1) {
perror("SIOCGIFINDEX");
goto out;
}
*ifindex = ifr.ifr_ifindex;
printf("interface index is %d\n", *ifindex);
//Get MAC address of the interface
if (ioctl(sd, SIOCGIFHWADDR, &ifr) == -1) {
perror("SIOCGIFINDEX");
goto out;
}
//Copy mac address to output
memcpy(mac, ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data, MAC_LENGTH);
if (get_if_ip4(sd, ifname, ip)) {
goto out;
}
debug("get_if_info OK");
err = 0;
out:
if (sd > 0) {
debug("Clean up temporary socket");
close(sd);
}
return err;
}
/*
* Creates a raw socket that listens for ARP traffic on specific ifindex.
* Writes out the socket's FD.
* Return 0 on success.
*/
int bind_arp(int ifindex, int *fd)
{
debug("bind_arp: ifindex=%i", ifindex);
int ret = -1;
// Submit request for a raw socket descriptor.
*fd = socket(AF_PACKET, SOCK_RAW, htons(ETH_P_ARP));
if (*fd < 1) {
perror("socket()");
goto out;
}
debug("Binding to ifindex %i", ifindex);
struct sockaddr_ll sll;
memset(&sll, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_ll));
sll.sll_family = AF_PACKET;
sll.sll_ifindex = ifindex;
if (bind(*fd, (struct sockaddr*) &sll, sizeof(struct sockaddr_ll)) < 0) {
perror("bind");
goto out;
}
ret = 0;
out:
if (ret && *fd > 0) {
debug("Cleanup socket");
close(*fd);
}
return ret;
}
/*
* Reads a single ARP reply from fd.
* Return 0 on success.
*/
int read_arp(int fd)
{
debug("read_arp");
int ret = -1;
ssize_t length = recvfrom(fd, buffer, BUF_SIZE, 0, NULL, NULL);
int index;
if (length == -1) {
perror("recvfrom()");
goto out;
}
struct ethhdr *rcv_resp = (struct ethhdr *) buffer;
if (ntohs(rcv_resp->h_proto) != PROTO_ARP) {
debug("Not an ARP packet");
goto out;
}
if (ntohs(arp_resp->opcode) != ARP_REPLY) {
debug("Not an ARP reply");
goto out;
}
debug("received ARP len=%ld", length);
struct in_addr sender_a;
memset(&sender_a, 0, sizeof(struct in_addr));
memcpy(&sender_a.s_addr, arp_resp->sender_ip, sizeof(uint32_t));
debug("Sender IP: %s", inet_ntoa(sender_a));
debug("Sender MAC: %02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X",
arp_resp->sender_mac[0],
arp_resp->sender_mac[1],
arp_resp->sender_mac[2],
arp_resp->sender_mac[3],
arp_resp->sender_mac[4],
arp_resp->sender_mac[5]);
ret = 0;
out:
return ret;
}
/*
*
* Sample code that sends an ARP who-has request on
* interface <ifname> to IPv4 address <ip>.
* Returns 0 on success.
*/
int test_arping(const char *ifname, const char *ip) {
int ret = -1;
uint32_t dst = inet_addr(ip);
if (dst == 0 || dst == 0xffffffff) {
printf("Invalid source IP\n");
return 1;
}
int src;
int ifindex;
char mac[MAC_LENGTH];
if (get_if_info(ifname, &src, mac, &ifindex)) {
err("get_if_info failed, interface %s not found or no IP set?", ifname);
goto out;
}
int arp_fd;
if (bind_arp(ifindex, &arp_fd)) {
err("Failed to bind_arp()");
goto out;
}
if (send_arp(arp_fd, ifindex, mac, src, dst)) {
err("Failed to send_arp");
goto out;
}
while(1) {
int r = read_arp(arp_fd);
if (r == 0) {
info("Got reply, break out");
break;
}
}
ret = 0;
out:
if (arp_fd) {
close(arp_fd);
arp_fd = 0;
}
return ret;
}
unsigned short checksum2(const char *buf, unsigned size)
{
unsigned long long sum = 0;
const unsigned long long *b = (unsigned long long *) buf;
unsigned t1, t2;
unsigned short t3, t4;
/* Main loop - 8 bytes at a time */
while (size >= sizeof(unsigned long long))
{
unsigned long long s = *b++;
sum += s;
if (sum < s) sum++;
size -= 8;
}
/* Handle tail less than 8-bytes long */
buf = (const char *) b;
if (size & 4)
{
unsigned s = *(unsigned *)buf;
sum += s;
if (sum < s) sum++;
buf += 4;
}
if (size & 2)
{
unsigned short s = *(unsigned short *) buf;
sum += s;
if (sum < s) sum++;
buf += 2;
}
if (size)
{
unsigned char s = *(unsigned char *) buf;
sum += s;
if (sum < s) sum++;
}
/* Fold down to 16 bits */
t1 = sum;
t2 = sum >> 32;
t1 += t2;
if (t1 < t2) t1++;
t3 = t1;
t4 = t1 >> 16;
t3 += t4;
if (t3 < t4) t3++;
return ~t3;
}
int main( int argc, char ** argv )
{
uint32_t size;
size_t len;
struct sockaddr_ll my_addr, peer_addr;
int i_ifindex;
int ec;
struct ifreq s_ifr; /* points to one interface returned from ioctl */
int tmp;
FILE * fp;
char server[254];
int count = 0;
int first_time = 1;
int z;
int first_mmap = 1;
#define HWADDR_len 6
#define IP_len 4
int s,s2,i;
struct ifreq ifr,ifr2;
int ret = -1;
struct rlimit lim;
if (argc != 2) {
printf("Usage: %s <INPUT_FILE>\n", argv[0]);
return 1;
}
getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &lim);
printf("Soft: %d Hard: %d\n", (int)lim.rlim_cur, (int)lim.rlim_max);
lim.rlim_cur = lim.rlim_max;
if (setrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &lim) == -1) {
printf("rlimit failed\n");
return -1;
}
getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &lim);
printf("New Soft: %d New Hard: %d\n", (int)lim.rlim_cur, (int)lim.rlim_max);
int nl_sock = open_netlink();
if (do_route_dump_requst(nl_sock) < 0) {
perror("Failed to perfom request");
close(nl_sock);
return -1;
}
get_route_dump_response(nl_sock);
close (nl_sock);
test_arping(ifname, ip);
s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
s2 = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
strcpy(ifr.ifr_name, ifname);
strcpy(ifr2.ifr_name, ifname);
ioctl(s, SIOCGIFHWADDR, &ifr);
ioctl(s2, SIOCGIFADDR, &ifr2);
struct sockaddr_in* ipaddr = (struct sockaddr_in*)&ifr2.ifr_addr;
close(s);
fp = fopen(argv[1], "r");
if (!fp)
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
while (!done)
{
fd_socket = socket(PF_PACKET, SOCK_RAW|SOCK_NONBLOCK, htons(ETH_P_ALL));
if(fd_socket == -1)
{
perror("socket");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
/* clear structure */
memset(&my_addr, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_ll));
my_addr.sll_family = PF_PACKET;
my_addr.sll_protocol = htons(ETH_P_ALL);
str_devname = ifname;
//strcpy (str_devname, ifname);
/* initialize interface struct */
strncpy (s_ifr.ifr_name, str_devname, sizeof(s_ifr.ifr_name));
/* Get the broad cast address */
ec = ioctl(fd_socket, SIOCGIFINDEX, &s_ifr);
if(ec == -1)
{
perror("iotcl");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
/* update with interface index */
i_ifindex = s_ifr.ifr_ifindex;
s_ifr.ifr_mtu = 7200;
/* update the mtu through ioctl */
ec = ioctl(fd_socket, SIOCSIFMTU, &s_ifr);
if(ec == -1)
{
perror("iotcl");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
/* set sockaddr info */
memset(&my_addr, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_ll));
my_addr.sll_family = AF_PACKET;
my_addr.sll_protocol = ETH_P_ALL;
my_addr.sll_ifindex = i_ifindex;
/* bind port */
if (bind(fd_socket, (struct sockaddr *)&my_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_ll)) == -1)
{
perror("bind");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
/* prepare Tx ring request */
s_packet_req.tp_block_size = c_buffer_sz;
s_packet_req.tp_frame_size = c_buffer_sz;
s_packet_req.tp_block_nr = c_buffer_nb;
s_packet_req.tp_frame_nr = c_buffer_nb;
/* calculate memory to mmap in the kernel */
size = s_packet_req.tp_block_size * s_packet_req.tp_block_nr;
/* set packet loss option */
tmp = mode_loss;
if (setsockopt(fd_socket, SOL_PACKET, PACKET_LOSS, (char *)&tmp, sizeof(tmp))<0)
{
perror("setsockopt: PACKET_LOSS");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
/* send TX ring request */
if (setsockopt(fd_socket, SOL_PACKET, PACKET_TX_RING, (char *)&s_packet_req, sizeof(s_packet_req))<0)
{
perror("setsockopt: PACKET_TX_RING");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
/* change send buffer size */
if(c_sndbuf_sz) {
printf("send buff size = %d\n", c_sndbuf_sz);
if (setsockopt(fd_socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &c_sndbuf_sz, sizeof(c_sndbuf_sz))< 0)
{
perror("getsockopt: SO_SNDBUF");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
}
/* get data offset */
data_offset = TPACKET_HDRLEN - sizeof(struct sockaddr_ll);
/* mmap Tx ring buffers memory */
ps_header_start = mmap(0, size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd_socket, 0);
if (ps_header_start == (void*)-1)
{
perror("mmap");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
int i,j;
int i_index = 0;
char * data;
int first_loop = 1;
struct tpacket_hdr * ps_header;
int ec_send = 0;
int i_index_start = i_index;
ps_header = ((struct tpacket_hdr *)((void *)ps_header_start + (c_buffer_sz*i_index)));
data = ((void*) ps_header) + data_offset;
//Datagram to represent the packet
char datagram[4096] , source_ip[32] , *pseudogram;
//zero out the packet buffer
memset (datagram, 0, 4096);
//Ethernet header
struct ether_header *eh = (struct ether_header *) datagram;
//IP header
struct iphdr *iph = (struct iphdr *) (datagram + sizeof (struct ether_header));
//TCP header
struct tcphdr *tcph = (struct tcphdr *) (datagram + sizeof (struct ether_header) + sizeof (struct ip));
struct sockaddr_in sin;
struct pseudo_header psh;
//some address resolution
strcpy(source_ip , inet_ntoa(ipaddr->sin_addr));
sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
sin.sin_port = htons(80);
if (fscanf(fp, "%253s", server) == 1)
sin.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr (server);
else
{
done = 1;
break;
}
//Fill in the Ethernet Header
eh->ether_dhost[0] = arp_resp->sender_mac[0];
eh->ether_dhost[1] = arp_resp->sender_mac[1];
eh->ether_dhost[2] = arp_resp->sender_mac[2];
eh->ether_dhost[3] = arp_resp->sender_mac[3];
eh->ether_dhost[4] = arp_resp->sender_mac[4];
eh->ether_dhost[5] = arp_resp->sender_mac[5];
memcpy(eh->ether_shost, ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data, HWADDR_len);
eh->ether_type = htons(0x0800);
//Fill in the IP Header
iph->ihl = 5;
iph->version = 4;
iph->tos = 0;
iph->tot_len = htons(sizeof (struct iphdr) + sizeof (struct tcphdr));
iph->id = htons (54321); //Id of this packet
iph->frag_off = 0;
iph->ttl = 255;
iph->protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
iph->check = 0; //Set to 0 before calculating checksum
iph->saddr = inet_addr ( source_ip );
iph->daddr = sin.sin_addr.s_addr;
//Ip checksum
iph->check = checksum2 (datagram + sizeof (struct ether_header), sizeof (struct iphdr));
//TCP Header
tcph->source = htons (1234);
tcph->dest = htons (80);
tcph->seq = 0;
tcph->ack_seq = 0;
tcph->doff = 5; //tcp header size
tcph->fin=0;
tcph->syn=1;
tcph->rst=0;
tcph->psh=0;
tcph->ack=0;
tcph->urg=0;
tcph->window = htons (5840); // maximum allowed window size
tcph->check = 0; //leave checksum 0 now, filled later by pseudo header
tcph->urg_ptr = 0;
//Now the TCP checksum
psh.source_address = inet_addr( source_ip );
psh.dest_address = sin.sin_addr.s_addr;
psh.placeholder = 0;
psh.protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
psh.tcp_length = htons(sizeof(struct tcphdr));
int psize = sizeof(struct pseudo_header) + sizeof(struct tcphdr);
pseudogram = malloc(psize);
memcpy(pseudogram , (char*) &psh , sizeof (struct pseudo_header));
memcpy(pseudogram + sizeof(struct pseudo_header) , tcph , sizeof(struct tcphdr));
tcph->check = checksum2(pseudogram , psize);
memcpy(data, datagram, (sizeof(struct ether_header) + sizeof(struct iphdr) + sizeof(struct tcphdr)));
free(pseudogram);
len = sizeof(struct ether_header) + sizeof(struct iphdr) + sizeof(struct tcphdr);
i_index ++;
if(i_index >= c_buffer_nb)
{
i_index = 0;
first_loop = 0;
}
/* update packet len */
//ps_header->tp_len = c_packet_sz;
ps_header->tp_len = len;
/* set header flag to USER (trigs xmit)*/
ps_header->tp_status = TP_STATUS_SEND_REQUEST;
//int ec_send;
static int total=0;
//int blocking = 1;
/* send all buffers with TP_STATUS_SEND_REQUEST */
/* Wait end of transfer */
//ec_send = sendto(fd_socket,NULL,0,(blocking? 0 : MSG_DONTWAIT),(struct sockaddr *) ps_sockaddr,sizeof(struct sockaddr_ll));
ec_send = sendto(fd_socket,NULL,len,MSG_DONTWAIT,(struct sockaddr *) ps_sockaddr,sizeof(struct sockaddr_ll));
if(ec_send < 0) {
perror("sendto");
}
else if ( ec_send == 0 ) {
/* nothing to do => schedule : useful if no SMP */
printf("Sleeping\n");
usleep(0);
}
else {
total += ec_send/(len);
printf("send %d packets (+%d bytes)\n",total, ec_send);
fflush(0);
}
//ps_header_start = mmap(0, size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd_socket, 0);
if (munmap(ps_header_start, size) == -1)
{
perror("munmap");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
close(fd_socket);
}
return 1;
}
Here is the output of strace -c for just over 5,000 packets sent:
% time seconds usecs/call calls errors syscall
------ ----------- ----------- --------- --------- ----------------
48.11 3.962165 395 10012 setsockopt
16.69 1.374748 274 5014 mmap
14.85 1.222565 244 5007 munmap
10.91 0.898695 179 5016 close
3.15 0.259055 25 10022 ioctl
2.04 0.167613 33 5016 socket
1.70 0.139623 27 5008 sendto
1.41 0.116430 23 5025 write
1.14 0.093826 18 5008 bind
0.01 0.000505 26 19 read
0.00 0.000000 0 4 mprotect
0.00 0.000000 0 3 brk
0.00 0.000000 0 4 pread64
0.00 0.000000 0 3 1 access
0.00 0.000000 0 1 getpid
0.00 0.000000 0 1 recvfrom
0.00 0.000000 0 2 recvmsg
0.00 0.000000 0 1 execve
0.00 0.000000 0 2 1 arch_prctl
0.00 0.000000 0 1 set_tid_address
0.00 0.000000 0 3 openat
0.00 0.000000 0 4 newfstatat
0.00 0.000000 0 1 set_robust_list
0.00 0.000000 0 4 prlimit64
0.00 0.000000 0 1 getrandom
------ ----------- ----------- --------- --------- ----------------
100.00 8.235225 149 55182 2 total
If I follow the code correctly, you're redoing a ton of work for every IP address that doesn't need to be redone. Every time through the main loop you're:
creating a new packet socket
binding it
setting up a tx packet ring buffer
mmap'ing it
sending a single packet
unmapping
closing the socket
That's a huge amount of work you're causing the system to do for one packet.
You should only create one packet socket at the beginning, set up the tx buffer and mmap once, and leave it open until the program is done. You can send any number of packets through the interface without closing/re-opening.
This is why your top time users are setsockopt, mmap, unmap, etc. All of those operations are heavy in the kernel.
Also, the point of PACKET_TX_RING is that you can set up a large buffer and create one packet after another within the buffer without making a send system call for each packet. By using the packet header's tp_status field you're telling the kernel that this frame is ready to be sent. You then advance your pointer within the ring buffer to the next available slot and build another packet. When you have no more packets to build (or you've filled the available space in the buffer [i.e. wrapped around to your oldest still-in-flight frame]), you can then make one send/sendto call to tell the kernel to go look at your buffer and (start) sending all those packets.
You can then start building more packets (being careful to ensure they are not still in use by the kernel -- through the tp_status field).
That said, if this were a project I were doing, I would simplify a lot - at least for the first pass: create a packet socket, bind it to the interface, build packets one at a time, and use send once per frame (i.e. not bothering with PACKET_TX_RING). If (and only if) performance requirements are so tight that it needs to send faster would I bother setting up and using the ring buffer. I doubt you'll need that. This should go a ton faster without the excess setsockopt and mmap calls.
Finally, a non-blocking socket is only useful if you have something else to do while you're waiting. In this case, if you have the socket set to be non-blocking and the packet can't be sent because the call would block, the send call will fail and if you don't do something about that (enqueue the packet somewhere, and retry later, say), the packet will be lost. In this program, I can't see any benefit whatsoever to using a non-blocking socket. If the socket blocks, it's because the device transmit queue is full. After that, there's no point in you continuing to produce packets to be sent, you won't be able send those packets either. Much simpler to just block at that point until the queue drains.

get ECHO REPLY with data from server to client behind nat

I have to write c program that send ICMP ECHO REQUEST from phone(it is connected by Mobile isp and it is behind NAT)to server with IP PUBLIC. i wrote a simple program that sends echo request and receives echo reply but now i want to send ECHO REQUEST from client to server and receive ECHO REPLY with some data(an IP PUBLIC and ICMP ID) from server to client. How can i make that?
Herre's my code
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h>
#include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
typedef unsigned char u8;
typedef unsigned short int u16;
struct icmp_header{
unsigned char type;
unsigned char code;
unsigned short checksum;
unsigned short id;
unsigned short seq;
};
unsigned short in_cksum(unsigned short *ptr, int nbytes);
int main(int argc, char **argv){
int c=100;
int ls;//lunghezza struct sockaddr_in serveraddr
int rf;//receive from
unsigned long daddr;
unsigned long saddr;
int payload_size = 0, sent = 0, sent_size;
saddr = inet_addr("IP PRIVATE");
daddr = inet_addr("IP PUBLIC");
//Raw socket - if you use IPPROTO_ICMP, then kernel will fill in the correct ICMP header checksum, if IPPROTO_RAW, then it wont
int sockfd = socket (AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
if (sockfd < 0){
perror("could not create socket");
return (0);
}
int on = 1;
// We shall provide IP headers
if (setsockopt (sockfd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, (const char*)&on, sizeof (on)) == -1){
perror("setsockopt");
return (0);
}
//allow socket to send datagrams to broadcast addresses
if (setsockopt (sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BROADCAST, (const char*)&on, sizeof (on)) == -1){
perror("setsockopt");
return (0);
}
//Calculate total packet size
int packet_size = sizeof (struct iphdr) + sizeof (struct icmp_header) + payload_size;
char *buffer = (char *) malloc (packet_size);
char *packet = (char *) malloc (packet_size);
if (!packet){
perror("out of memory");
close(sockfd);
return (0);
}
//ip header
struct iphdr *ip = (struct iphdr *) packet;
//struct icmphdr *icmp = (struct icmphdr *) (packet + sizeof (struct iphdr));
struct icmp_header *icmphdr = (struct icmp_header *) (packet + sizeof(struct iphdr));
//zero out the packet buffer
memset (packet, 0, packet_size);
memset (buffer, 0, packet_size);
ip->version = 4;
ip->ihl = 5;
ip->tos = 0;
ip->tot_len = htons (packet_size);
ip->id = rand ();
ip->frag_off = 0;
ip->ttl = 255;
ip->protocol = IPPROTO_ICMP;
ip->saddr = saddr;
ip->daddr = daddr;
//ip->check = in_cksum ((u16 *) ip, sizeof (struct iphdr));
//icmp->type = ICMP_ECHO significa ECHO REQUEST
//icmp->code = 0 è il codice dei ECHO REQUEST
icmphdr->type = ICMP_ECHO;
icmphdr->code = 0;
icmphdr->id = 5;
icmphdr->seq = 66;
//checksum
icmphdr->checksum = 0;
struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = daddr;
memset(&servaddr.sin_zero, 0, sizeof (servaddr.sin_zero));
puts("flooding...");
//while (1)
while(c>0){
memset(packet + sizeof(struct iphdr) + sizeof(struct icmp_header), rand() % 255, payload_size);
//memset(buffer + sizeof(struct iphdr) + sizeof(struct icmphdr), rand() % 255, payload_size);
//recalculate the icmp header checksum since we are filling the payload with random characters everytime
icmphdr->checksum = 0;
icmphdr->checksum = in_cksum((unsigned short *)icmphdr, sizeof(struct icmp_header) + payload_size);
if ( (sent_size = sendto(sockfd, packet, packet_size, 0, (struct sockaddr*) &servaddr, sizeof (servaddr))) < 1){
perror("send failed\n");
break;
}
++sent;
printf("%d packets sent\r", sent);
fflush(stdout);
ls = sizeof(servaddr);
//rf = recvfrom(sockfd, buffer, 42, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, &ls);
rf = recvfrom(sockfd, buffer, packet_size, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, &ls);
if(rf < 0){
perror("Errore recvfrom\n");
break;
}
else{
char *cp;
struct iphdr *ip_reply = (struct iphdr *)buffer;
cp = (char *)&ip_reply->saddr;
printf("Received %d byte reply from %u.%u.%u.%u:\n", ntohs(ip_reply->tot_len), cp[0]&0xff,cp[1]&0xff,cp[2]&0xff,cp[3]&0xff);
printf("ID: %d\n", ntohs(ip_reply->id));
printf("TTL: %d\n", ip_reply->ttl);
}
usleep(10000); //microseconds
c--;
}
free (buffer);
free(packet);
close(sockfd);
return (0);
}
/*
Function calculate checksum
*/
unsigned short in_cksum(unsigned short *ptr, int nbytes){
register long sum;
u_short oddbyte;
register u_short answer;
sum = 0;
while (nbytes > 1) {
sum += *ptr++;
nbytes -= 2;
}
if (nbytes == 1) {
oddbyte = 0;
*((u_char *) & oddbyte) = *(u_char *) ptr;
sum += oddbyte;
}
sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff);
sum += (sum >> 16);
answer = ~sum;
return (answer);
}
ANSWER.
Ok, i solve problem. I create custom icmp header with unsigned char array as payload (pay in this example). i use this array, in server side, to store data in this way
memcpy(pay, (unsigned char *)&icmp->id, 2); //here i store incoming icmp echo request id.
Then i prepare sending buffer
struct eth_frame *eths = (struct eth_frame *) buffer;
crea_eth(eths,0x0800,mactarget);//create eth frame
struct ip_datagram *ips = (struct ip_datagram*) eths->payload;
struct icmp_packet *icmps = (struct icmp_packet*) ips->payload;
Then i build custom icmp echo reply and custom ip packet that i have to send from server to client
memcpy(icmps->payload, &pay, 10);
icmps->type = 0;
icmps->code = 0;
icmps->checksum = 0;
icmps->id = (icmp->id);//i use same receiving icmp id
icmps->seq = htons(1);
icmps->checksum = //calculate checksum
ips->ver_ihl = 0x45;
ips->tos = 0x00;
ips->totlen = htons(20 + 8 + 8);
ips->id = 0xABCD;
ips->flags_offs = 0;
ips->ttl = 255;
ips->proto = IPPROTO_ICMP;
ips->checksum = 0;
ips->src = *(unsigned int *)serverip;
ips->dst = *(unsigned int *)clientip;//fill with IP PUBLIC ADDRESS OF CLIENT!!
ips->checksum = htons(calcola_checksum((unsigned char*)ips,20));
Then send icmp packet from server to client
unsigned char *p = (unsigned char *)&addr;
for(i = 0;i < sizeof(struct sockaddr_ll);i++)
p[i] = 0;
addr.sll_family = AF_PACKET;
addr.sll_ifindex = 3;
/*send to*/
n=sendto(s, buffer, 14 + 20 + 8 + 8 , 0 , (struct sockaddr*) &addr , sizeof(addr));

C - invalid application of ‘sizeof’ to incomplete type ‘struct ipheader’ and other errors

I am having some trouble with compiling my code due to these error messages (I suspect they are somewhat related)
In function ‘forgepacket’:
error: expected specifier-qualifier-list before ‘send_tcp’
In function ‘send_tcp’:
error: invalid application of ‘sizeof’ to incomplete type ‘struct ipheader’
error: invalid application of ‘sizeof’ to incomplete type ‘struct tcpheader’
and
error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type
every time i try to access ip->iph or tcp->tcph. Now I've gathered that the problem lies with the definition of struct ipheader and struct tcpheader, but I can't really figure out what.
I've been looking at similar error message questions as the ones above but I can't really figure it out.
Here is the code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#define VERSION "1.0"
#define PCKT_LEN 8192
/* Prototypes */
void forgepacket (unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned short, unsigned short);
int send_tcp();
void usage();
/* Checksum */
unsigned short checksum (unsigned short *pac, int len)
{
unsigned long sum;
for (sum = 0; len > 0; len--)
sum += *pac++;
sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff);
sum += (sum >> 16);
return(~sum);
}
in_addr_t sip;
in_addr_t dip;
int sport;
int dport;
int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
int c;
/* Are we in root? */
if(geteuid() !=0)
{
printf("Root access is required to run this program.\n\n");
exit(0);
}
while (1)
{
static struct option long_options[] =
{
/* Options */
{"send", no_argument, 0, 's'}, /* args s and r have no function yet */
{"recieve", no_argument, 0, 'r'},
{"file", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
{"destip", required_argument, 0, 'i'},
{"destport", required_argument, 0, 'p'},
{"sourceip", required_argument, 0, 'o'},
{"sourceport", required_argument, 0, 't'},
{0, 0, 0, 0}
};
int option_index = 0;
c = getopt_long (argc, argv, "srf:d:i:p:o:t:",
long_options, &option_index);
/* Detect the end of the options. */
if (c == -1)
break;
switch (c)
{
case 0:
/* If this option set a flag, do nothing else now. */
if (long_options[option_index].flag != 0)
break;
printf ("option %s", long_options[option_index].name);
if (optarg)
printf (" with arg %s", optarg);
printf ("\n");
break;
case 's':
puts ("option -s\n");
break;
case 'r':
puts ("option -r\n");
break;
case 'f':
printf ("option -f with value `%s'\n", optarg);
break;
case 'i':
dip = inet_addr(optarg);
break;
case 'p':
dport = htons(atoi(optarg));
/* Add handling of bad/non number input here */
break;
case 'o':
sip = inet_addr(optarg);
break;
case 't':
sport = htons(atoi(optarg));
break;
case '?':
/* Error message printed */
break;
default:
abort ();
}
}
/* Print any remaining command line arguments (not options). */
if (optind < argc)
{
printf ("\nNon-option ARGV-elements: ");
while (optind < argc)
printf ("%s ", argv[optind++]);
putchar ('\n');
}
/* check if all mandatory options are set and for unknown arguments */
/* This really needs changing... */
if (dip, sip, dport, sport == 0)
{
usage();
return (-1);
}
forgepacket(dip, sip, dport, sport);
getchar ();
exit (0);
}
void forgepacket(unsigned int sourceip, unsigned int destip, unsigned short sourceport,
unsigned short destport)
{
/* IP header structure */
struct ipheader {
unsigned char iph_ihl:5,
iph_ver:4;
unsigned char iph_tos;
unsigned short int iph_len;
unsigned short int iph_id;
unsigned char iph_flags;
unsigned short int iph_offset;
unsigned char iph_ttl;
unsigned char iph_protocol;
unsigned short int iph_chksum;
unsigned int iph_sourceip;
unsigned int iph_destip;
};
/* TCP header structure */
struct tcpheader {
unsigned short int tcph_sourceport;
unsigned short int tcph_destport;
unsigned int tcph_seqnum;
unsigned int tcph_acknum;
unsigned char tcph_reserved:4, tcph_offset:4;
unsigned int
tcp_res1:4,
tcph_hlen:4,
tcph_fin:1,
tcph_syn:1,
tcph_rst:1,
tcph_psh:1,
tcph_ack:1,
tcph_urg:1,
tcph_res2:2;
unsigned short int tcph_win;
unsigned short int tcph_chksum;
unsigned short int tcph_urgptr;
send_tcp();
};
}
int send_tcp()
{
int sock, one = 1;
char buffer[PCKT_LEN];
struct sockaddr_in sin, din;
const int *val = &one;
sock = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_TCP);
if (sock < 0)
{
printf("\nError: socket()\n\n");
exit (-1);
}
else
printf ("\nsocket() - Using SOCK_RAW and TCP protocol is OK.\n\n");
/* Size of the headers */
struct ipheader *ip = (struct ipheader *) buffer;
struct tcpheader *tcp = (struct tcpheader *) (buffer + sizeof (struct ipheader));
memset (buffer, 0, PCKT_LEN);
/* IP attributes */
ip->iph_ihl = 5;
ip->iph_ver = 4;
ip->iph_tos = 16;
ip->iph_len = sizeof(struct ipheader) + sizeof(struct tcpheader);
ip->iph_id = htons(54321);
ip->iph_offset = 0;
ip->iph_ttl = 64;
ip->iph_protocol = 6;
ip->iph_chksum = 0;
ip->iph_sourceip = sip;
ip->iph_destip = dip;
/* TCP attributes */
tcp->tcph_sourceport = sport;
tcp->tcph_destport = dport;
tcp->tcph_seqnum = htonl(1);
tcp->tcph_acknum = 0;
tcp->tcph_offset = 5;
tcp->tcph_syn = 1;
tcp->tcph_ack = 0;
tcp->tcph_win = htons(32767);
tcp->tcph_chksum = 0;
tcp->tcph_urgptr = 0;
ip->iph_chksum = checksum ((unsigned short *) buffer, (sizeof (struct ipheader )+ sizeof (struct tcpheader)));
/* Address family */
sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
din.sin_family = AF_INET;
/* Source port */
sin.sin_port = sport;
din.sin_port = dport;
/* Source IP */
sin.sin_addr.s_addr = sip;
din.sin_addr.s_addr = dip;
/* Tell the Kernel we're building our own packet */
if ((setsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, (char *)&one, sizeof (one))) < 0)
{
printf("\nError: Can't set socketoptions\n\n");
return (-1);
}
/* Send */
if (sendto(sock, buffer, ip->iph_len, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&sin, sizeof(sin)) < 0)
{
printf("\nError: Can't send packet\n\n");
return (-1);
}
else
printf("Packet sent to %d", dip);
close(sock);
}
void usage()
{
/* This is the user manual */
printf("\nTCP project %s\n\n", VERSION);
printf("Usage: -s -f <file> -i <destip> -p <destport> -o <sourceip> -t <sourceport>\n\n");
printf("-s, --send, Puts program in send mode\n");
printf("-r, --recieve, Puts program in recieve mode\n");
printf("-f, --file, Specify file containing steganographic message\n");
printf("-i, --destip, Destination IP address\n");
printf("-p, --destport, Destination port\n");
printf("-o, --sourceip Source IP address\n");
printf("-t, --sourceport Source port\n");
}
1) The call to send_tcp should be moved outside of the sturct definition, of course:
};
send_tcp();
2) struct tcpheader and ipheader should be moved outside forgepacket
The code compiles fine now.
If I may add, I suggest you learn C and indent your code properly !
Just Add this header file. It will work.
/* Ethernet header */
struct ethheader {
u_char ether_dhost[6]; /* destination host address */
u_char ether_shost[6]; /* source host address */
u_short ether_type; /* IP? ARP? RARP? etc */
};
/* IP Header */
struct ipheader {
unsigned char iph_ihl:4, //IP header length
iph_ver:4; //IP version
unsigned char iph_tos; //Type of service
unsigned short int iph_len; //IP Packet length (data + header)
unsigned short int iph_ident; //Identification
unsigned short int iph_flag:3, //Fragmentation flags
iph_offset:13; //Flags offset
unsigned char iph_ttl; //Time to Live
unsigned char iph_protocol; //Protocol type
unsigned short int iph_chksum; //IP datagram checksum
struct in_addr iph_sourceip; //Source IP address
struct in_addr iph_destip; //Destination IP address
};
/* ICMP Header */
struct icmpheader {
unsigned char icmp_type; // ICMP message type
unsigned char icmp_code; // Error code
unsigned short int icmp_chksum; //Checksum for ICMP Header and data
unsigned short int icmp_id; //Used for identifying request
unsigned short int icmp_seq; //Sequence number
};
/* UDP Header */
struct udpheader
{
u_int16_t udp_sport; /* source port */
u_int16_t udp_dport; /* destination port */
u_int16_t udp_ulen; /* udp length */
u_int16_t udp_sum; /* udp checksum */
};
/* TCP Header */
struct tcpheader {
u_short tcp_sport; /* source port */
u_short tcp_dport; /* destination port */
u_int tcp_seq; /* sequence number */
u_int tcp_ack; /* acknowledgement number */
u_char tcp_offx2; /* data offset, rsvd */
#define TH_OFF(th) (((th)->tcp_offx2 & 0xf0) >> 4)
u_char tcp_flags;
#define TH_FIN 0x01
#define TH_SYN 0x02
#define TH_RST 0x04
#define TH_PUSH 0x08
#define TH_ACK 0x10
#define TH_URG 0x20
#define TH_ECE 0x40
#define TH_CWR 0x80
#define TH_FLAGS (TH_FIN|TH_SYN|TH_RST|TH_ACK|TH_URG|TH_ECE|TH_CWR)
u_short tcp_win; /* window */
u_short tcp_sum; /* checksum */
u_short tcp_urp; /* urgent pointer */
};
/* Psuedo TCP header */
struct pseudo_tcp
{
unsigned saddr, daddr;
unsigned char mbz;
unsigned char ptcl;
unsigned short tcpl;
struct tcpheader tcp;
char payload[1500];
};

C - Function not executing. calling error?

I am trying to build a program that can send TCP packets, but when I compiled my code to test the send function it just doesn't run the way it should. When given arguments it skips to the getchar and exits the program as if the function wasn't called at all. Now I am not particularly experienced and this is probably a stupid question, but I haven't been able to find a solution elsewhere. My guess is I'm calling it wrong somehow and that maybe the send_tcp function can't be inside of the forgepacket function.
The following is my code (not finished at all but should be good enough for a little test run) and the function giving me problems is forgepacket.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#define VERSION "1.0"
#define PCKT_LEN 8192
/* Prototypes */
void forgepacket (unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned short, unsigned short);
void usage();
/* Checksum */
unsigned short checksum (unsigned short *pac, int len)
{
unsigned long sum;
for (sum = 0; len > 0; len--)
sum += *pac++;
sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff);
sum += (sum >> 16);
return(~sum);
}
in_addr_t sip;
in_addr_t dip;
int sport;
int dport;
int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
int c;
/* Are we in root? */
if(geteuid() !=0)
{
printf("Root access is required to run this program.\n\n");
exit(0);
}
while (1)
{
static struct option long_options[] =
{
/* Options */
{"send", no_argument, 0, 's'}, /* args s, r and f have no function yet */
{"recieve", no_argument, 0, 'r'},
{"file", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
{"destip", required_argument, 0, 'i'},
{"destport", required_argument, 0, 'p'},
{"sourceip", required_argument, 0, 'o'},
{"sourceport", required_argument, 0, 't'},
{0, 0, 0, 0}
};
int option_index = 0;
c = getopt_long (argc, argv, "srf:d:i:p:o:t:",
long_options, &option_index);
/* Detect the end of the options. */
if (c == -1)
break;
switch (c)
{
case 0:
/* If this option set a flag, do nothing else now. */
if (long_options[option_index].flag != 0)
break;
printf ("option %s", long_options[option_index].name);
if (optarg)
printf (" with arg %s", optarg);
printf ("\n");
break;
case 's':
puts ("option -s\n");
break;
case 'r':
puts ("option -r\n");
break;
case 'f':
printf ("option -f with value `%s'\n", optarg);
break;
case 'i':
dip = inet_addr(optarg);
break;
case 'p':
dport = htons(atoi(optarg));
/* Add handling of bad/non number input here */
break;
case 'o':
sip = inet_addr(optarg);
break;
case 't':
sport = htons(atoi(optarg));
break;
case '?':
/* Error message printed */
break;
default:
abort ();
}
}
/* Print any remaining command line arguments (not options). */
if (optind < argc)
{
printf ("non-option ARGV-elements: ");
while (optind < argc)
printf ("%s ", argv[optind++]);
putchar ('\n');
}
/* check if all mandatory options are set and for unknown arguments */
/* This REALLY needs changing... */
if (dip, sip, dport, sport == 0)
{
usage();
return (-1);
}
forgepacket(dip, sip, dport, sport);
getchar ();
exit (0);
}
void forgepacket(unsigned int sourceip, unsigned int destip, unsigned short sourceport,
unsigned short destport)
{
/* IP header structure */
struct ipheader {
unsigned char iph_ihl:5,
iph_ver:4;
unsigned char iph_tos;
unsigned short int iph_len;
unsigned short int iph_id;
unsigned char iph_flags;
unsigned short int iph_offset;
unsigned char iph_ttl;
unsigned char iph_protocol;
unsigned short int iph_chksum;
unsigned int iph_sourceip;
unsigned int iph_destip;
};
/* TCP header structure */
struct tcpheader {
unsigned short int tcph_sourceport;
unsigned short int tcph_destport;
unsigned int tcph_seqnum;
unsigned int tcph_acknum;
unsigned char tcph_reserved:4, tcph_offset:4;
unsigned int
tcp_res1:4,
tcph_hlen:4,
tcph_fin:1,
tcph_syn:1,
tcph_rst:1,
tcph_psh:1,
tcph_ack:1,
tcph_urg:1,
tcph_res2:2;
unsigned short int tcph_win;
unsigned short int tcph_chksum;
unsigned short int tcph_urgptr;
};
int send_tcp()
{
int sock, one = 1;
char buffer[PCKT_LEN];
struct sockaddr_in sin, din;
const int *val = &one;
sock = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_TCP);
if (sock < 0)
{
printf("\nError: socket()\n\n");
exit (-1);
}
else
printf ("\nsocket() - Using SOCK_RAW and TCP protocol is OK.\n\n");
/* Size of the headers */
struct ipheader *ip = (struct ipheader *) buffer;
struct tcpheader *tcp = (struct tcpheader *) (buffer + sizeof (struct ipheader));
memset (buffer, 0, PCKT_LEN);
/* IP attributes */
ip->iph_ihl = 5;
ip->iph_ver = 4;
ip->iph_tos = 16;
ip->iph_len = sizeof(struct ipheader) + sizeof(struct tcpheader);
ip->iph_id = htons(54321);
ip->iph_offset = 0;
ip->iph_ttl = 64;
ip->iph_protocol = 6;
ip->iph_chksum = 0;
ip->iph_sourceip = sip;
ip->iph_destip = dip;
/* TCP attributes */
tcp->tcph_sourceport = sport;
tcp->tcph_destport = dport;
tcp->tcph_seqnum = htonl(1);
tcp->tcph_acknum = 0;
tcp->tcph_offset = 5;
tcp->tcph_syn = 1;
tcp->tcph_ack = 0;
tcp->tcph_win = htons(32767);
tcp->tcph_chksum = 0;
tcp->tcph_urgptr = 0;
ip->iph_chksum = checksum ((unsigned short *) buffer, (sizeof (struct ipheader )+ sizeof (struct tcpheader)));
/* Address family */
sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
din.sin_family = AF_INET;
/* Source port */
sin.sin_port = sport;
din.sin_port = dport;
/* Source IP */
sin.sin_addr.s_addr = sip;
din.sin_addr.s_addr = dip;
/* Tell the Kernel we're building our own packet */
if ((setsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, (char *)&one, sizeof (one))) < 0)
{
printf("\nError: Can't set socketoptions\n\n");
return (-1);
}
/* Send */
if (sendto(sock, buffer, ip->iph_len, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&sin, sizeof(sin)) < 0)
{
printf("\nError: Can't send packet\n\n");
return (-1);
}
else
printf("Packet sent to %d", dip);
close(sock);
}
}
void usage()
{
/* This is the user manual */
printf("\nTCP project %s\n\n", VERSION);
printf("Usage: -s -f <file> -i <destip> -p <destport> -o <sourceip> -t <sourceport>\n\n");
printf("-s, --send, Puts program in send mode\n");
printf("-r, --recieve, Puts program in recieve mode\n");
printf("-f, --file, Specify file containing steganographic message\n");
printf("-i, --destip, Destination IP address\n");
printf("-p, --destport, Destination port\n");
printf("-o, --sourceip Source IP address\n");
printf("-t, --sourceport Source port\n");
}
It appears the function definition of send_tcp() is within the function definition of forgepacket() (I didn't know this was even possible??), but there is no call to it. Replicate the arrangement you have for forgepacket() for send_tcp():
/* Prototype. */
int send_tcp(); /* add whatever parameters are required. */
and move definition of send_tcp() outside of forgepacket() and add a call to send_tcp() within forgepacket().
C doesn't allow nested functions by default. Furthermore, even if it did, I am not seeing a call to send_tcp in the code (it may be there, but a quick scan doesn't show it).
What happens if you break the send_tcp function out of forge_packet and make sure to pass the required data in as parameters?

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