For a homework assignment, I have written a character device driver. It seems to work OK. I can read and write it. The problem is that when I read the device, it endlessly loops, printing out the contents of the message buffer over and over.
This seems like it should be fairly straight forward. Just use copy_to_user(), but it's proven to be very problematic.
Anyway, here is the code. I think the problem is in the gdev_read() function.
The printk's are there to serve as debugging as well as talking points, since I have to present the project in class.
/*
* Implement a generic character pseudo-device driver
*/
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
/* you need these, or the kernel will be tainted */
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("A simple sample character device driver");
/*
* function prototypes
*/
int init_module(void);
void cleanup_module(void);
static ssize_t gdev_read(struct file *, char *, size_t, loff_t *);
static ssize_t gdev_write(struct file *, const char *, size_t, loff_t *);
static int gdev_open(struct inode *, struct file *);
static int gdev_release(struct inode *, struct file *);
/* macros */
#define TRUE 1
#define FALSE 0
#define MAX_MSG_LEN 64
/*
* global variables
*/
static dev_t dev_num; /* device number, for new device */
static char *mesg; /* buffer for message */
/* file operations structure, so my device knows how to act */
static struct file_operations fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.read = gdev_read,
.write = gdev_write,
.open = gdev_open,
.release = gdev_release,
};
/* character device struct. Declaired here, but initialized elsewhere */
struct cdev *gdev;
int init_module(void)
{
int err;
printk(KERN_ALERT "in init_module\n");
if(alloc_chrdev_region(&dev_num, 0, 1, "/dev/gdev")){
printk(KERN_INFO "Could not allocate device numbers\n");
printk(KERN_INFO "Module gdev not loaded\n");
return -1;
}
/* now I need to make the device and register it */
gdev = cdev_alloc();
gdev->owner = THIS_MODULE;
gdev->ops = &fops;
err = cdev_add(gdev, dev_num, 1);
if(err){
printk(KERN_NOTICE "Error %d adding gdev", err);
return err;
}
mesg = (char *)vmalloc(MAX_MSG_LEN);
printk(KERN_INFO "Module gdev successfully loaded.\n");
printk(KERN_INFO "gdev Major Number: %d\n", MAJOR(dev_num));
return 0;
}
void cleanup_module(void)
{
printk(KERN_ALERT "in cleanup_module\n");
unregister_chrdev_region(dev_num, 3);
vfree(mesg);
cdev_del( gdev );
printk(KERN_INFO "Module gdev unregistered\n");
}
static ssize_t gdev_read(struct file *filp, char *page,
size_t len, loff_t *offset)
{
ssize_t bytes = len < MAX_MSG_LEN ? len : MAX_MSG_LEN;
printk(KERN_ALERT "in gdev_read\n");
if(copy_to_user(page, mesg, bytes)){
return -EFAULT;
}
return bytes;
}
static ssize_t gdev_write(struct file *filp, const char *page,
size_t len, loff_t *offset)
{
ssize_t bytes = len < MAX_MSG_LEN ? len : MAX_MSG_LEN;
printk(KERN_ALERT "in gdev_write\n");
if(copy_from_user(mesg, page, bytes)){
return -EFAULT;
}
return bytes;
}
static int gdev_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
printk(KERN_ALERT "in gdev_open\n");
return 0;
}
static int gdev_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
printk(KERN_ALERT "in gdev_release\n");
/* doesn't do anything because it doesn't need too */
return 0;
}
If zero is not returned from read() (in your case gdev_read()), the read function will be called again.
To stop this you use the loff_t *offset parameter. Increment it by how many bytes you have read using (*offset) += bytes; after copy_to_user(). Next time read() is called, offset will be what you have incremented it to. Now just check how many bytes you have previously sent, and only send what you still have remaining. Your function should look like this:
static ssize_t gdev_read(struct file *filp, char *page,
size_t len, loff_t *offset)
{
ssize_t bytes = len < (MAX_MSG_LEN-(*offset)) ? len : (MAX_MSG_LEN-(*offset));
printk(KERN_ALERT "in gdev_read\n");
if(copy_to_user(page, mesg, bytes)){
return -EFAULT;
}
(*offset) += bytes;
return bytes;
}
You could use 'simple_read_from_buffer' function from 'linux/fs.h':
static ssize_t gdev_read(struct file *filep, char __user *buff, size_t count, loff_t *offp)
{
return simple_read_from_buffer(buff, count, offp, my_buffer, buffer_len);
}
'my_buffer' and 'buffer_len' are defined in your module.
Related
I'm trying to create a simple character device LKM but I've been stuck for days trying to get my read and write to work correctly. Currently when I do something like:
echo hi > /dev/simple_character_device
I am able to see I'm writing the correct amount of bytes.
But when I attempt to cat out the contents of that device it will continuously loop hi until reaching a bad address. Currently I'm trying to keep track of how many bytes I've written in a global counter. But that doesn't seem right. Any help on implementing the read and write would be appreciated.
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
#define BUFFER 1024
char * buffer_data;
// Count open and closed
size_t current_count;
int my_open(struct inode *, struct file *);
int my_release(struct inode *, struct file *);
ssize_t my_read(struct file *, char __user *, size_t count, loff_t *);
ssize_t my_write(struct file *, const char __user *, size_t count, loff_t *offp);
static struct file_operations fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = my_open,
.release = my_release,
.read = my_read,
.write = my_write
};
int reg_init(void)
{
// Allocate memory to store information
buffer_data = kmalloc(BUFFER, GFP_KERNEL); // Use Kernel Flag
register_chrdev(240, "simple_character_device", &fops);
printk(KERN_ALERT "Init Allocating Memory");
return 0;
}
void reg_exit(void)
{
// Free and unregister device and data
kfree(buffer_data);
unregister_chrdev(240, "simple_character_device");
printk(KERN_ALERT "Deregister Simple Character Device");
}
int my_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file){
printk(KERN_ALERT "Open File Device.\n");
return 0;
}
int my_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file){
printk(KERN_ALERT "Close File Device.\n");
return 0;
}
ssize_t my_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buff, size_t count, loff_t *offp){
// Check if we are reading within the Buffer Size
if(BUFFER - *offp < 0){
printk(KERN_ALERT "Out of buffer range.\n");
return -EFAULT;
}
// Check if we fail to copy to user
if (copy_to_user(buff, buffer_data, current_count) != 0){
printk(KERN_ALERT "Failed to send character to user\n");
return -EFAULT;
}
(*offp) += current_count;
printk(KERN_ALERT "Read %zu bytes.\n", current_count);
return current_count;
}
ssize_t my_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buff, size_t count, loff_t *offp){
// We need to get data FROM the user space
// Make sure we are reading within the buffer
if (*offp >= BUFFER || BUFFER - count < *offp){
printk(KERN_ALERT "ATTEMPTING TO WRITE TO OUSIDE OF BUFFER!\n");
return EFAULT;
}
// Get the amount of bytes from the user
copy_from_user(buffer_data + *offp, buff, count);
*offp += count;
printk(KERN_ALERT "Wrote %zu to the device.\n", count);
current_count = count;
return current_count;
}
module_init(reg_init);
module_exit(reg_exit);
In my_read() you must not allow reading the buffer after current_count (after the point where initialized data ends) . If the requested count goes farther you must first trim the passed count. If the resulting count is <= 0, or if the offset is after current_count you must return 0 to indicate end of file.
Also you must return the trimmed count (which was really copied to the user).
I expect that you test with echo and cat. But if you test with your own code, by reading and writing in sequence, don't forget to reset the offset using lseek() between reading and writing.
As far as I can tell your code looks like a good start but the counts and file position management require some cleanup.
I'm learning Linux and I have the task that I can't handle. I have to create character device and make possible to read and write across users. For instance, I open first terminal and I use echo 'test' > /tmp/ringdev (where ringdev is my character device). I also open second terminal and I use cat /tmp/ringdev and I expect that output will be test. I have already read some example snippets, but all of them are just about the basics which I already have.
The question is how to read from / write to character device across users?
#define pr_fmt(fmt) "ringdev: " fmt
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/wait.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(head);
/*
* mutex used for access synchronization to buffer (ringdev_buf and ringdev_len)
*/
static struct mutex ringdev_lock;
/*
* buffer and number of written bytes in the buffer
*/
static char ringdev_buf[4096];
static size_t ringdev_len;
static int ringdev_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
printk("device_open called \n");
return 0;
}
static ssize_t ringdev_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t count,
loff_t *off)
{
ssize_t ret = 0;
printk("device_read called \n");
/*
* access to ringdev_buf i ringdev_len is protected by ringdev_lock,
* take that lock
*/
//wait_event_interruptible(head,ringdev_len!=0);
mutex_lock(&ringdev_lock);
if (*off > ringdev_len)
count = 0;
else if (count >= ringdev_len - *off)
count = ringdev_len - *off;
/*
* for access to user memory special functions must be used,
* to copy to user memory copy_to_user must be used.
*/
ret = -EFAULT;
if (copy_to_user(buf, ringdev_buf + *off, count))
goto out_unlock;
ret = count;
*off += ret;
out_unlock:
mutex_unlock(&ringdev_lock);
ringdev_len=0;
return ret;
}
static ssize_t ringdev_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf,
size_t count, loff_t *off)
{
ssize_t ret=0;
ringdev_len=0;
printk("device_write called \n");
mutex_lock(&ringdev_lock);
ret=-EFAULT;
if(copy_from_user(ringdev_buf+ringdev_len ,buf, count)==0){
ringdev_len= ringdev_len + count;
ret=count;
wake_up_interruptible(&head);
goto out_unlock;
}
else{
ret=-ENOSPC;
}
/*
* not supported yet. Do not forget about copy_from_user().
*/
out_unlock:
mutex_unlock(&ringdev_lock);
return ret;
}
static int ringdev_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
mutex_unlock(&ringdev_lock);
printk("device_release called \n");
return 0;
}
static const struct file_operations ringdev_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = ringdev_open,
.read = ringdev_read,
.write = ringdev_write,
.release = ringdev_release,
};
static struct miscdevice ringdev_miscdevice = {
.minor = MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR,
.name = "ringdev",
.fops = &ringdev_fops
};
static int __init ringdev_init(void)
{
int ret;
mutex_init(&ringdev_lock);
ret = misc_register(&ringdev_miscdevice);
if (ret < 0) {
pr_err("can't register miscdevice.\n");
return ret;
}
pr_info("minor %d\n", ringdev_miscdevice.minor);
return 0;
}
static void __exit ringdev_exit(void)
{
misc_deregister(&ringdev_miscdevice);
mutex_destroy(&ringdev_lock);
}
module_init(ringdev_init);
module_exit(ringdev_exit);
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Device");
MODULE_AUTHOR("xxx");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
I am trying to write a character device driver based on this tutorial.
But when trying to insert my module I get the following error:
$ sudo insmod modules/main/main.ko
insmod: ERROR: could not insert module modules/main/main.ko: Operation not permitted
$dmesg
[ 1085.409026] Failed to register device class
This is the corresponding code snippet:
#ifndef __KERNEL__
#define __KERNEL__
#endif
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#define CLASS_NAME "my_class"
#define DEV_NAME "my_device"
static int dev_open(struct inode *, struct file *);
static int dev_release(struct inode *, struct file *);
static ssize_t dev_read(struct file *, char *, size_t, loff_t *);
static ssize_t dev_write(struct file *, const char *, size_t, loff_t *);
static int myCharClass;
static int myCharDevice;
int majorNumber;
static struct file_operations fops =
{
.open = dev_open,
.read = dev_read,
.write = dev_write,
.release = dev_release
};
int init_module(void)
{
printk("Hello world - DAO \n");
majorNumber = register_chrdev(0, DEV_NAME, &fops);
if (majorNumber < 0)
{
printk("Error when registering character device driver.\n");
return -1;
}
myCharClass = class_create(THIS_MODULE, CLASS_NAME);
if (IS_ERR(myCharClass))
{
unregister_chrdev(majorNumber, DEV_NAME);
printk(KERN_ALERT "Failed to register device class\n");
return -1;
}
myCharDevice = device_create(myCharClass, NULL, MKDEV(majorNumber, 0), NULL, DEV_NAME);
if (IS_ERR(myCharDevice))
{
class_destroy(myCharClass);
unregister_chrdev(majorNumber, DEV_NAME);
printk(KERN_ALERT "Failed to create the device\n");
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
void cleanup_module(void)
{
printk("<1> Ciao - DAO\n");
}
static int dev_open(struct inode *p_inode, struct file *p_file)
{
printk("Opened device.\n");
return 0;
}
static ssize_t dev_read(struct file *filep, char *buffer, size_t len, loff_t *offset)
{
printk("Reading device.\n");
return 0;
}
static ssize_t dev_write(struct file *filep, const char *buffer, size_t len, loff_t *offset)
{
printk("Writing device\n");
return 0;
}
static int dev_release(struct inode *inodep, struct file *filep)
{
printk("Releasing device.\n");
return 0;
}
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
Does anybody know what I am doing incorrectly?
I had a look at this post, but it didn't really help me, because I didn't really what the issue is.
Thanks
I wrote a IOCTL driver and a corresponding ioctl app with a header file containing commands.
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kdev_t.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include "myioctl.h"
#include <linux/ioctl.h>
#define NAME MyCharDevice
//Function Prototypes
int NAME_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp);
int NAME_release(struct inode *indoe, struct file *filp);
ssize_t NAME_write(struct file *filp, char __user *Ubuff, size_t count, loff_t *offp);
ssize_t NAME_read(struct file *filp, char __user *Ubuff, size_t count, loff_t *offp);
int NAME_flush (struct file *filp);
int NAME_IOCTL (struct inode *inode, struct file *filp, unsigned long cmd, unsigned long val);
//Structure that defines the operations that the driver provides
struct file_operations fops =
{
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = NAME_open,
.read = NAME_read,
.write = NAME_write,
.unlocked_ioctl = NAME_IOCTL,
.release = NAME_release,
.flush = NAME_flush,
};
//Structure for a character driver
struct cdev *my_cdev;
//Init Module
static int __init CharDevice_init(void)
{
int result;
int MAJOR,MINOR;
dev_t Mydev;
Mydev = MKDEV(255,0);//Create a device number
MAJOR=MAJOR(Mydev);
MINOR=MINOR(Mydev);
printk("\nThe Major Number is %d...THe Minor Number is %d\n",MAJOR,MINOR);
result=register_chrdev_region(Mydev,1,"MyCharDevice");//register device region.....
if(result<0)
{
printk(KERN_ALERT "\nThe Region requested for is not obtainable\n");
return(-1);
}
my_cdev = cdev_alloc();//allocate memory to Char Device structure
my_cdev->ops = &fops;//link our file operations to the char device
result=cdev_add(my_cdev,Mydev,1);//Notify the kernel abt the new device
if(result<0)
{
printk(KERN_ALERT "\nThe Char Devide has not been created......\n");
return (-1);
}
return 0;
}
//Cleanup Module
void __exit CharDevice_exit(void)
{
dev_t Mydev;
int MAJOR,MINOR;
Mydev=MKDEV(255,0);
MAJOR=MAJOR(Mydev);
MINOR=MINOR(Mydev);
printk("\nThe Major Number is %d...THe Minor Number is %d\n",MAJOR,MINOR);
unregister_chrdev_region(Mydev,1);//unregister the device numbers and the device created
cdev_del(my_cdev);
printk(KERN_ALERT "\nI have unregistered the stuff that was allocated.....Goodbye for ever.....\n");
return;
}
int NAME_IOCTL (struct inode *inode, struct file *filp, unsigned long cmd, unsigned long val)
{
int BAUD=0, STOP;
char PARITY, CONFIG;
printk ("In IOCTL\n");
printk("command = %d %d val = %d\n", cmd, SET_BAUD, val);
switch (cmd) {
case SET_BAUD:
get_user (BAUD, (int *)val);
printk ("The baud is %d", BAUD);
case SET_PARITY:
case SET_STOP:
case READ_CONFIG:
default:
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
//Open System Call
int NAME_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
printk(KERN_ALERT "\nThis is the Kernel....Open Call.....I have nothing to do.....but YOU ALL HAVE....HAHAHAHA...\n");
return 0;
}
//Close System Call
int NAME_release(struct inode *indoe, struct file *filp)
{
printk(KERN_ALERT "\nThis is the release method of my Character Driver......Bye Dudes......\n");
return 0;
}
//Write Functionality
ssize_t NAME_write(struct file *filp, char __user *Ubuff, size_t count, loff_t *offp)
{
char Kbuff[80];
unsigned long result;
ssize_t retval;
//strcpy(Kbuff,Ubuff);
result=copy_from_user((char *)Kbuff,(char *)Ubuff,count); //get user data
if(result==0)
{
printk(KERN_ALERT "\nMessage from the user......\n>>>> %s <<<<\n",Kbuff);
printk(KERN_ALERT "\n Data Successfully Written.....\n");
retval=count;
return retval;
}
else
{
printk(KERN_ALERT "\n Error Writing Data\n");
retval=-EFAULT;
return retval;
}
}
//read Functionality
ssize_t NAME_read(struct file *filp, char __user *Ubuff, size_t count, loff_t *offp)
{
char Kbuff[]="THis is some date from the kernel to the user....User,ENJOY......";
unsigned long result;
ssize_t retval;
//strcpy(Kbuff,Ubuff);
result=copy_to_user((char *)Ubuff,(char *)Kbuff,sizeof(Kbuff)); //copy to user
if(result==0)
{
//printk("\nMessage from the user......\n>>>> %s <<<<\n");
printk(KERN_ALERT "\n Data Successfully read.....\n");
retval=count;
return retval;
}
else
{
printk(KERN_ALERT"\n Error Writing Data to User\n");
retval=-EFAULT;
return retval;
}
}
int NAME_flush (struct file *filp)
{
printk("\n This is the close function of the file....");
return 0;
}
//Module over ride functions
module_init(CharDevice_init);
module_exit(CharDevice_exit);
header file
#define MAGIC 'x'
#define SET_BAUD _IOW(MAGIC,0, int)
#define SET_PARITY _IOW(MAGIC, 1, char)
#define SET_STOP _IOW(MAGIC, 2, int)
#define READ_CONFIG _IOR(MAGIC, 3, int)
c file
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <linux/ioctl.h>
#include "myioctl.h"
int main()
{
int FileDesc, Baud=9600;
// char Ubuff[]="THis is the User Buffer......Sending Data to the Kernel....";
// char Kbuff[100];
FileDesc=open("/dev/MyCharDevice",O_RDWR);
if(FileDesc <0)
{
printf("\nError Opening Device\n");
exit(1);
}
ioctl (FileDesc, SET_BAUD, &Baud);
printf("%d %d \n", SET_BAUD, &Baud);
// write(FileDesc,Ubuff,sizeof(Ubuff));
// read(FileDesc,Kbuff,sizeof(Ubuff));
// printf("\n The Data read from the Kernel is\n>>>> %s <<<<\n",Kbuff);
close(FileDesc);
}
I am printing in driver what are the command and value of the argument that print like this
command = 1622004312 1074034688 val = 1622004312
So sent command is equal to the argument I sent. Why this is happening?
I used older IOCTL prototype in my driver.
it should be of this type
#if (LINUX_VERSION_CODE < KERNEL_VERSION(2,6,35))
static int my_ioctl(struct inode *i, struct file *f, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
#else
static long my_ioctl(struct file *f, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
#endif
In my case against my kernel
static long my_ioctl(struct file *f, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
is the correct type.
Below is my kernel module,which I tested through C program but now instead of using c application I want to write a shell script which do read and write operation with my kernel module ?
Thanks in advance.
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#define DEVICE_NAME "mydevice"
#define CLASS_NAME "device"
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("ABC");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("A simple Linux character driver");
MODULE_VERSION("0.1");
static int majorNumber;
static char message[256] = {0};
static short size_of_message;
static int numberOpens = 0;
static struct class* character_deviceClass = NULL;
static struct device* character_deviceDevice = NULL;
static int dev_open(struct inode *, struct file *);
static int dev_release(struct inode *, struct file *);
static ssize_t dev_read(struct file *, char *, size_t, loff_t *);
static ssize_t dev_write(struct file *, const char *, size_t, loff_t *);
static DEFINE_MUTEX(devicedev_mutex);
static struct file_operations fops =
{
.open = dev_open,
.read = dev_read,
.write = dev_write,
.release = dev_release,
};
static int __init character_device_init(void){
printk(KERN_INFO "Shell: Initializing the character device LKM\n");
majorNumber = register_chrdev(0, DEVICE_NAME, &fops);
if (majorNumber<0){
printk(KERN_ALERT "character device failed to register a major number\n");
return majorNumber;
}
printk(KERN_INFO "character device: registered correctly with major number %d\n", majorNumber);
character_deviceClass = class_create(THIS_MODULE, CLASS_NAME);
if (IS_ERR(character_deviceClass)){
unregister_chrdev(majorNumber, DEVICE_NAME);
printk(KERN_ALERT "Failed to register device class\n");
return PTR_ERR(character_deviceClass);
}
printk(KERN_INFO "character device: device class registered correctly\n");
character_deviceDevice = device_create(character_deviceClass, NULL, MKDEV(majorNumber, 0), NULL, DEVICE_NAME);
if (IS_ERR(character_deviceDevice)){
class_destroy(character_deviceClass);
unregister_chrdev(majorNumber, DEVICE_NAME);
printk(KERN_ALERT "Failed to create the device\n");
return PTR_ERR(character_deviceDevice);
}
printk(KERN_INFO "character device: device class created correctly\n");
mutex_init(&devicedev_mutex);
return 0;
}
static void __exit character_device_exit(void){
mutex_destroy(&devicedev_mutex);
device_destroy(character_deviceClass, MKDEV(majorNumber, 0));
class_unregister(character_deviceClass);
class_destroy(character_deviceClass);
unregister_chrdev(majorNumber, DEVICE_NAME);
printk(KERN_INFO "character device: Goodbye from the LKM!\n");
}
static int dev_open(struct inode *inodep, struct file *filep){
if(!mutex_trylock(&devicedev_mutex))
{
printk(KERN_ALERT "Character device: Device in use by another process");
return -EBUSY;
}
numberOpens++;
printk(KERN_INFO "character device: Device has been opened %d time(s)\n", numberOpens);
return 0;
}
static ssize_t dev_read(struct file *filep, char *buffer, size_t len, loff_t *offset){
int error_count = 0;
error_count = copy_to_user(buffer, message, size_of_message);
if (error_count==0){
printk(KERN_INFO "character device: Sent %d characters to the user\n", size_of_message);
return (size_of_message=0);
}
else {
printk(KERN_INFO "character device: Failed to send %d characters to the user\n", error_count);
return -EFAULT;
}
}
static ssize_t dev_write(struct file *filep, const char *buffer, size_t len, loff_t *offset){
sprintf(message, "%s(%d letters)", buffer, len);
size_of_message = strlen(message);
printk(KERN_INFO "character device: Received %d characters from the user\n", len);
return len;
}
static int dev_release(struct inode *inodep, struct file *filep){
mutex_unlock(&devicedev_mutex);
printk(KERN_INFO "character device: Device successfully closed\n");
return 0;
}
module_init(character_device_init);
module_exit(character_device_exit);
Let's say that you registered with major number 254 and minor number 1 (the actual code given in your question logs the allocated numbers to dmesg, so check there). If you didn't have udev or similar configured to create a /dev/mydevice for you, you could do so yourself:
mknod /dev/mydevice c 254 1 # substitute the real allocated values
At that point, opening it is the same as with anything else:
# file descriptor number 3 is arbitrary, but the same number needs to be reused later
# don't use 0-2, which are reserved for stdin/stdout/stderr
exec 3<>/dev/mydevice
...and reads and writes are similarly conventional:
echo "This is a write" >&3
read varname <&3 # read until newline from device