This might be a stupid question and I apologize if it's already been addressed here, but I've searched quite a bit without much luck. I'm trying to get my interface's hardware address in C and I'm using OS X (x86-64). I know how to get it with ifconfig, but I want my program to get it automatically for any computer, well, at least OS X computers. I found another thread that posted this link which pretty much does what I want (with some modifications), but I can't make the iokit functions link in ld (my compiler is gcc). I tried adding the flags -lIOKit and -framework IOKit to the gcc command line, but I still get the same link errors. Here's a link to my code: header and source.
This little program will work without changes on OSX.
Code : (credits to Alecs King from freebsd list)
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/sysctl.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <net/if_dl.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int mib[6], len;
char *buf;
unsigned char *ptr;
struct if_msghdr *ifm;
struct sockaddr_dl *sdl;
if (argc != 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: getmac <interface>\n");
return 1;
}
mib[0] = CTL_NET;
mib[1] = AF_ROUTE;
mib[2] = 0;
mib[3] = AF_LINK;
mib[4] = NET_RT_IFLIST;
if ((mib[5] = if_nametoindex(argv[1])) == 0) {
perror("if_nametoindex error");
exit(2);
}
if (sysctl(mib, 6, NULL, &len, NULL, 0) < 0) {
perror("sysctl 1 error");
exit(3);
}
if ((buf = malloc(len)) == NULL) {
perror("malloc error");
exit(4);
}
if (sysctl(mib, 6, buf, &len, NULL, 0) < 0) {
perror("sysctl 2 error");
exit(5);
}
ifm = (struct if_msghdr *)buf;
sdl = (struct sockaddr_dl *)(ifm + 1);
ptr = (unsigned char *)LLADDR(sdl);
printf("%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x\n", *ptr, *(ptr+1), *(ptr+2),
*(ptr+3), *(ptr+4), *(ptr+5));
return 0;
}
You should, however, change int len; to size_t len;
Related
I am trying to run some code based on this libaio sample:
https://oxnz.github.io/2016/10/13/linux-aio/#example-1
I added the O_DIRECT flag according to libaio's documentation.
It seems to work inside my ubuntu 16.04 desktop machine (hello is written to /tmp/test).
However, when I compile and run the same sample inside a docker container nothing is written to the file. when running inside gdb I can see that an event is read by io_getevents and the result is set to -22 (EINVAL).
Any ideas?
This is my modified code
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <libaio.h>
int main() {
io_context_t ctx;
struct iocb iocb;
struct iocb * iocbs[1];
struct io_event events[1];
struct timespec timeout;
int fd;
fd = open("/tmp/test", O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_DIRECT) ;
if (fd < 0) err(1, "open");
memset(&ctx, 0, sizeof(ctx));
if (io_setup(10, &ctx) != 0) err(1, "io_setup");
const char *msg = "hello";
io_prep_pwrite(&iocb, fd, (void *)msg, strlen(msg), 0);
iocb.data = (void *)msg;
iocbs[0] = &iocb;
if (io_submit(ctx, 1, iocbs) != 1) {
io_destroy(ctx);
err(1, "io_submit");
}
while (1) {
timeout.tv_sec = 0;
timeout.tv_nsec = 500000000;
int ret = io_getevents(ctx, 0, 1, events, &timeout);
printf("ret=%d\n", ret);
if (ret == 1) {
close(fd);
break;
}
printf("not done yet\n");
sleep(1);
}
io_destroy(ctx);
return 0;
}
The filesystem inside the container is likely to be different to that of the host's filesystem (on modern setups is likely to be overlayfs but on older systems it could be aufs). For O_DIRECT on an open to work a device/filesystem has to at least "support" it (note the scare quotes) and it's likely your container's filesystem does not.
While retrieving the broken-out fields of the record in the password database (e.g., the local password file /etc/passwd, NIS, and LDAP) that matches a provided username name, I am using the getpwnam_r (http://linux.die.net/man/3/getpwnam_r) function.
#define __USE_BSD
#define _BSD_SOURCE
#include <pwd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
struct passwd pwd;
struct passwd *result;
char *buf;
size_t bufsize;
int s;
if (argc != 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s username\n", argv[0]);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
if (bufsize == -1) /* Value was indeterminate */
bufsize = 16384; /* Should be more than enough */
buf = malloc(bufsize);
if (buf == NULL) {
perror("malloc");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
s = getpwnam_r(argv[1], &pwd, buf, bufsize, &result);
if (result == NULL) {
if (s == 0)
printf("Not found\n");
else {
errno = s;
perror("getpwnam_r");
}
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf("Name: %s; UID: %ld\n", pwd.pw_gecos, (long) pwd.pw_uid);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
The code works fine, but Eclipse shows me a warning as follows:
warning: implicit declaration of function ‘getpwnam_r’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
How could I fix it?
Note that I'm currently using Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.
To use this function you need two includes :
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <pwd.h>
Add them and it should not complain anymore.
You can see that by running man getpwnam_r.
You also need to define either __USE_MISC or __USE_SVID since it a POSIX only function.
I want to do some CRC check in my own userspace programme. And I find that the kernel crypto lib is already in the system, and come with SSE4.2 support.
I tried to directly #include <linux/crc32c.h> and run gcc with -I/usr/src/linux/include/. However, it doesnot work.
Any way to use some kind of libcrc32c ?
You can use kernel crypto CRC32c (and other hash/cipher functions) from user-space via socket family AF_ALG on Linux:
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <linux/if_alg.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <strings.h>
int
main (int argc, char **argv) {
int sds[2] = { -1, -1 };
struct sockaddr_alg sa = {
.salg_family = AF_ALG,
.salg_type = "hash",
.salg_name = "crc32c"
};
if ((sds[0] = socket(AF_ALG, SOCK_SEQPACKET, 0)) == -1 )
return -1;
if( bind(sds[0], (struct sockaddr *) &sa, sizeof(sa)) != 0 )
return -1;
if( (sds[1] = accept(sds[0], NULL, 0)) == -1 )
return -1;
char *s = "hello";
size_t n = strlen(s);
if (send(sds[1], s, n, MSG_MORE) != n)
return -1;
int crc32c = 0x00000000;
if(read(sds[1], &crc32c, 4) != 4)
return -1;
printf("%08X\n", crc32c);
return 0;
}
If you're hashing files or socket data you can speed it up using zero-copy approach to avoid kernel -> user-space buffer copy with sendfile and/or splice.
Happy coding.
I'm attempting to poll networking device names. I've pieced this together from various snippets,
http://unixhelp.ed.ac.uk/CGI/man-cgi?netdevice+7
http://lists.apple.com/archives/Unix-porting/2002/Apr/msg00134.html
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1421487
But my output is just gibberish.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <net/route.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#define BUFLEN 1024
#define SEQ 9999
int main (int argc, const char* argv[])
{
// File descriptor for socket
int socketfd;
struct ifconf conf;
struct ifreq req[10];
struct ifreq *ifr;
printf("Opening socket...");
socketfd = socket(AF_ROUTE, SOCK_RAW, 0);
if (socketfd >= 0) {
printf(" OK\n");
conf.ifc_len = sizeof(req);
conf.ifc_buf = (__caddr_t) req;
ioctl(socketfd,SIOCGIFCONF,&conf);
printf("Discovering interfaces...\n");
int i;
for (i=0; i<conf.ifc_len/sizeof(req[0]); i++) {
ifr = &conf.ifc_req[i];
printf("%d. %s\n", i+1, req[i].ifr_name);
}
}
else {
printf("Failed!\n");
}
return 0;
}
Output:
Opening socket... OK
Discovering interfaces...
?u???}??Gh???
2. p?9}?
3.
4. v?=?n??u?`?y??]g?<?~?v??
5.
6.
7.
8. ?v?T?
9. ?|?mw??j??v??h??|??v?T00~??v?$?|??|?#
10. T00~??v?$?|??|?#
I tried outputting each char of the ifr_name array one-by-one to see if they were null terminated but that didn't change much. Each iteration of my program outputs something different so this leads me to think I'm referencing something wrong. Can someone provide me some insight as to what I may be doing wrong?
Here's some code I put together for Mac OS X:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
/* This is defined on Mac OS X */
#ifndef _SIZEOF_ADDR_IFREQ
#define _SIZEOF_ADDR_IFREQ sizeof
#endif
int main (int argc, const char* argv[])
{
// File descriptor for socket
int socketfd;
struct ifconf conf;
char data[4096];
struct ifreq *ifr;
char addrbuf[1024];
int i;
printf("Opening socket...");
socketfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if (socketfd >= 0) {
printf(" OK\n");
conf.ifc_len = sizeof(data);
conf.ifc_buf = (caddr_t) data;
if (ioctl(socketfd,SIOCGIFCONF,&conf) < 0) {
perror("ioctl");
}
printf("Discovering interfaces...\n");
i = 0;
ifr = (struct ifreq*)data;
while ((char*)ifr < data+conf.ifc_len) {
switch (ifr->ifr_addr.sa_family) {
case AF_INET:
++i;
printf("%d. %s : %s\n", i, ifr->ifr_name, inet_ntop(ifr->ifr_addr.sa_family, &((struct sockaddr_in*)&ifr->ifr_addr)->sin_addr, addrbuf, sizeof(addrbuf)));
break;
#if 0
case AF_INET6:
++i;
printf("%d. %s : %s\n", i, ifr->ifr_name, inet_ntop(ifr->ifr_addr.sa_family, &((struct sockaddr_in6*)&ifr->ifr_addr)->sin6_addr, addrbuf, sizeof(addrbuf)));
break;
#endif
}
ifr = (struct ifreq*)((char*)ifr +_SIZEOF_ADDR_IFREQ(*ifr));
}
close(socketfd);
}
else {
printf(" Failed!\n");
}
return 0;
}
Poll as in you want to be notified if an interface is added or removed? Or polled as in you just want to find out the interface names once from the system? If the latter, take a look at getifaddrs().
Please see http://git.netfilter.org/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi?p=libmnl.git;a=blob;f=examples/rtnl/rtnl-link-dump.c;hb=HEAD on how to get the list of interfaces on Linux. AF_ROUTE is some BSD thing and the use of ioctl is discouraged on Linux for its apparent limitations (such as to convey multiple addresses on a single interface).
I want to get other process' argv like ps.
I'm using Mac OS X 10.4.11 running on Intel or PowerPC.
First, I read code of ps and man kvm, then I wrote some C code.
#include <kvm.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/sysctl.h>
#include <paths.h>
int
main(void) {
char errbuf[1024];
kvm_t *kd = kvm_openfiles(_PATH_DEVNULL, NULL, _PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDONLY, errbuf);
int num_procs;
if (!kd) { fprintf(stderr, "kvm_openfiles failed : %s\n", errbuf); return 0; }
struct kinfo_proc *proc_table = kvm_getprocs(kd, KERN_PROC_ALL, 0, &num_procs);
for (int i = 0; i < num_procs; i++) {
struct kinfo_proc *pproc = &proc_table[i];
char **proc_argv = kvm_getargv(kd, pproc, 0);
printf("%p\n", proc_argv);
}
kvm_close(kd);
return 0;
}
When ran on PowerPC, kvm_getargv() always returned NULL. When ran
on Intel, kvm_openfiles() failed with error /dev/mem: No such file
or directory.
Of cource, I know about permission.
Second, I tried sysctl.
#include <sys/sysctl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define pid_of(pproc) pproc->kp_proc.p_pid
int
main(void) {
int mib[4] = { CTL_KERN, KERN_PROC, KERN_PROC_ALL, 0 };
int buffer_size;
sysctl(mib, 4, NULL, &buffer_size, NULL, 0);
struct kinfo_proc *result = malloc(buffer_size);
sysctl(mib, 4, result, &buffer_size, NULL, 0);
int num_procs = buffer_size / sizeof(struct kinfo_proc);
for (int i = 0; i < num_procs; i++) {
struct kinfo_proc *pproc = result + i;
int mib[3] = { CTL_KERN, KERN_PROCARGS, pid_of(pproc) }; // KERN_PROC_ARGS is not defined
char *proc_argv;
int argv_len;
sysctl(mib, 3, NULL, &argv_len, NULL, 0);
proc_argv = malloc(sizeof(char) * argv_len);
sysctl(mib, 3, proc_argv, &argv_len, NULL, 0);
fwrite(proc_argv, sizeof(char), argv_len, stdout);
printf("\n");
free(proc_argv);
}
return 0;
}
By fwrite, I got argv[0] but argv[1..] are not (environment variables
are printed out.)
There is no more way to do it?
In 10.6, KERN_PROCARGS2 is available: https://gist.github.com/770696
This way is used from ps, procfs on MacFUSE, etc.
I've actually been needing the same thing for a Python library I'm writing, and in my searching I came across another Python lib (PSI) that implements this in C code. It's part of the python module code for listing processes and includes listing the arguments for each process as well. You could take a look at the source code for that for a working example:
darwin_process.c - scroll down to set_exe() for the relevant code
Note: the site is really slow so you'll have to be a bit patient while it loads.