Can someone please gimme an example of both? I am super confused between the two :(
Are they same??
I am not an expert on the subject but from what I have read it seems that a context diagram is more interested in grouping and relating data based on the context from a user's point of view. So while a client may have an address, name, phone, etc. it will not relate those to the client. Instead the context diagram will relate the address, name, and phone along with a complaint description, subject, and issue category.
The erd on the other hand is more concerned with how the data is related. So the client has a 1 to n relationship with complaints and the complaints has a 1 to 1 relationship with descriptions, subjects, and complaint categories.
An erd is probably more useful to a database designer to make sure that the database can support the relationships correctly.
A context diagram (from what I understand) would probably be more useful to a web developer or interface designer so that they can pull the correct data into certain views or forms.
Related
First of all, sorry for my english, is not my native language.
Well, I have a problem with my database design, I mean:
I have a Java Web Application (using JSP, Servlets, Classes and Mysql RDBMS) and I have been storing data about properties and it's owners mainly (there are others entities but those are the important here).
Now, I need to create a new module to store data about events, something like this:
Event: name, location, date, topic, etc.
Participants: Identification, name,location, type of participant (speaker or assistant)
I've been thinking in my database design and most of the assistants are already stored in the Owner entity, but other don´t.
The problem is:
If I create an assistant entity, I'm going to repeat the same data which is alreade stored in Owner Entity (for those assistants that are already created as owners). So, if later I need to store data about surveyers or sales person or whatever, I'm going to have the same data in different tables.
I was thinking on create a Person Entity, and use it to store the properties that are common between assistants and Owners (even for my user table) but I have read about inheritance in a database and people say it's not a good practice for database design purposes.
How can I solve this problem?
What's the best practice in this case?
I am working on my first web project. I have referenced many tutorials and pdfs but all those had simple examples for the login and sign-up feature for a webpage, which only used a single database. I am having a massive confusion on whether or not, the login and sign-up should have separate databases.
My main question is : The project intakes user's personal information(name, email, address, telephone number, etc.) along with information specific to their vehicles (model, company, make, manufacture date, etc.). And after logging into the website, both these data's are important but only some of them are in use like, the user's name, his/her address, the model of vehicle, and the company. So should I maintain separate databases for both of them and reference each element with a foreign key while working on databases ?? Or should i just bother less and use a single database and complete my login and sign-up function ??, because with the no. of columns that I have apparently is very large.
This might be a bit too academic, but a word you'll want to learn well is normalization. Here is a link to a pretty stiff definition: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_normalization
This being your first web project, my advice would the following:
Don't be afraid to make mistakes. I would strongly encourage trying approaches you think are good and then don't be afraid to change your mind. The lessons learned will stick with you.
Keep everything simple up front. Only add complexity when you need it.
Definitely don't be afraid to grow horizontally with tables (add more and more tables). When I first started working with databases I was afraid to have too many tables because it felt wrong. Try to resist the temptation to cram everything in one table.
Definitely separate login, users and vehicle information. Not a bad idea to also separate out user address information since people can have more than one address.
You must use the same database for holding all the information for your project. Two different database is not really good idea , you can create many tables in an database. and each table is designed to hold different information.In case of your example you may choose the following tables in the same database
UserLogin [store login information]
User [ store personal info]
Vehicle
and so on
There must be one to one relationship between UserLogin and User table and one to many in user - Vehicle table
One user may have many Vehicle
Hopefully it will help
I'm in the planning stages of building a SQL Server DataMart for mail/email/SMS contact info and history. Each piece of data is located in a different external system. Because of this, email addresses do not have account numbers and SMS phone numbers do not have email addresses, etc. In other words, there isn't a shared primary key. Some data overlaps, but there isn't much I can do except keep the most complete version when duplicates arise.
Is there a best practice for building a DataMart with this data? Would it be an acceptable practice to create a key table with a column for each external key? Then, a unique primary ID can be assigned to tie this to other DataMart tables.
Looking for ideas/suggestions on approaches I may not have yet thought of.
Thanks.
The email address or phone number itself sounds like a suitable business key. Typically a "staging" database is used to load the data from multiple sources and then assign surrogate keys and do other transformations.
Are you familiar with data warehouse methods and design patterns? If you don't have previous knowledge or experience then consider hiring some help. BI / data warehouse projects have a very high failure rate and mistakes can be expensive.
Found more information here:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extract,_transform,_load#Dealing_with_keys
Well, with no other information to tie the disparate pieces together, your datamart is going to be pretty rudimentary. You'll be able to get the types of data (sms, email, mail), metrics for each type over time ("this week/month/quarter/year we averaged 42.5 sms texts per day, and 8000 emails per month! w00t!"). With just phone numbers and email addresses, your "other datamarts" will likely have to be phone company names, or internet domains. I guess you could link from that into some sort of geographical information (internet provider locations?), or maybe financial information for the companies. Kind of a blur if you don't already know which direction you want to head.
To be honest, this sounds like someone high-up is having a knee-jerk reaction to the "datamart" buzzword coupled with hearing something about how important communication metrics are, so they sent orders on down the chain to "get us some datamarts to run stats on all our e-mails!"
You need to figure out what it is that you or your employer is expecting to get out of this project, and then figure out if the data you're currently collecting gives you a trail to follow to that information. Right now it sounds like you're doing it backwards ("I have this data, what's it good for?"). It's entirely possible that you don't currently have the data you need, which means you'll need to buy it (who knows if you could) or start collecting it, in which case you won't have nice looking graphs and trend-lines for upper-management to look at for some time... falling right in line with the warning dportas gave you in his second paragraph ;)
What are the Tables that would be present in a social networking site (ex: Twitter).
I have a users table as of now. How to keep track of followers and people I do follow?
Should I maintain a separate table for followers and people I follow?
What are the columns which would be there in those tables?
Please don't think this as Subjective/Off topic. As I am a beginner, I thought experts can guide me to get a good DB design?
Try having a look at Database Answers in particular the data models. They have several different designs for various systems. This one is for a social networking site which may give you an idea of what's required.
You may want to search on SO for other social network database questions. I found this one that had a link to flickr showing a schema which appears to be from Facebook.
Your database design will be based around your system requirements. Without knowing exactly what you are trying to achieve, it is difficult to give you the best design.
you can use this Messenger Database Design Concept: Messenger DB
You can create a separate table for follower/ followed relationships. So, when x follow y, create an entry with follower_id = x.id followed_id = y.id.
You can query the relationship table to look for all the users x has relations with by select * from relationships where follower_id = x.id or vice versa.
When/if x un-follow y, you just have to delete the entry you originally created.
I have been thinking and learning a lot about forms lately trying to add advanced extensions to the Spree ECommerce Platform: Subscriptions, Events, Donations, and all kinds of Surveys.
Every example I have ever encountered (in blogs, in the docs, in screencasts, in source code, etc.) make forms out of Models, but they never go to anything semi-structured or unstructured (or just really dynamic). So you have forms like:
Contact Form (User Model, maybe divided into an Address Model too)
Registration Form (User Model, Account Model, Address Model, etc.)
Blog Post Form (Post Model, Tag Model, etc.)
Checkout Form (Shipping Model, Order Model, LineItem Model, etc.)
All of those make perfect sense: They are the culmination of 10's of thousands, millions even, of man hours. Tons of people have slowly abstracted those things down into nearly universal "models" that could be saved into a database table. So now we all create models for them and make database tables for them.
But there are so many other things that can't be boiled down to those specific models. Things like a survey for a specific event, with form fields such as:
Are you Pregnant?
How many kids do you have?
Have you ever been sick?
What's your fastest mile?
If we started to save those things to the database in tables, we would have 100s and 1000s of database tables, one for each set of questions, or "survey".
So my thinking is, there's got to be some point at which you stop creating specific models like the "Post" and the "Order" and start just making a "Form" or "Survey" model (Form ~ Survey ~ Questionnaire to some degree).
Everything would be boiled down to these few models:
Survey
Question
Answer
ResponseSet (answers to questions in survey)
Response (specific response in response set)
And from those you could create any type of "Form" you wanted.
So my question is basically: When do you, in the most practical, day-to-day client projects, stop making forms with a bunch of models in them (a "Checkout" form is a form for the "Order" basically in Spree, but that easily requires 10 database models), and just start using Question/Answer or Field/Input or Key/Value? Practically?
I'm just looking for something like "when we built our online tutoring system, we didn't end up creating a bunch of SomeTutorialModel objects which extend TutorialModel, because that would've added too many tables to our database. Instead, we just used the Surveyor gem". Something along those lines :).
There's not much out there on this semi-structured type of data, but lots when you can boil it down to something super concrete.
It seems that if you used a Document Database, like CouchDB, you'd end up being able to create all kinds of Model objects in ruby for example, and could get them out with some clever view tricks. But with MySQL and the-like, it seems insane.
Your question is quite broad, so I will instead of giving direct answers mention these points:
1.) models often reflect the target (core) domain of the application, so the boundary between key/value and model is about the domain
2.) AFAIK e.g. Google uses relational databases even to store key/value data, so they can store everything as using document database
3.) all your questions are basically about modeling and abstraction, which is hard to explain shortly or in general