How to drop all tables in a SQL Server database? - sql-server

Question

I'm trying to write a script that will completely empty a SQL Server database. This is what I have so far:
USE [dbname]
GO
EXEC sp_msforeachtable 'ALTER TABLE ? NOCHECK CONSTRAINT all'
EXEC sp_msforeachtable 'DELETE ?'
When I run it in the Management Studio, I get:
Command(s) completed successfully.
but when I refresh the table list, they are all still there. What am I doing wrong?

Answer 1

You can also delete all tables from database using only MSSMS UI tools (without using SQL script). Sometimes this way can be more comfortable (especially if it is performed occasionally)
I do this step by step as follows:
Select 'Tables' on the database tree (Object Explorer)
Press F7 to open Object Explorer Details view
In this view select tables which have to be deleted (in this case all of them)
Keep pressing Delete until all tables have been deleted (you repeat it as many times as amount of errors due to key constraints/dependencies)

Answer 2

It doesn't work for me either when there are multiple foreign key tables.
I found that code that works and does everything you try (delete all tables from your database):
DECLARE #Sql NVARCHAR(500) DECLARE #Cursor CURSOR
SET #Cursor = CURSOR FAST_FORWARD FOR
SELECT DISTINCT sql = 'ALTER TABLE [' + tc2.TABLE_SCHEMA + '].[' + tc2.TABLE_NAME + '] DROP [' + rc1.CONSTRAINT_NAME + '];'
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS rc1
LEFT JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS tc2 ON tc2.CONSTRAINT_NAME =rc1.CONSTRAINT_NAME
OPEN #Cursor FETCH NEXT FROM #Cursor INTO #Sql
WHILE (##FETCH_STATUS = 0)
BEGIN
Exec sp_executesql #Sql
FETCH NEXT FROM #Cursor INTO #Sql
END
CLOSE #Cursor DEALLOCATE #Cursor
GO
EXEC sp_MSforeachtable 'DROP TABLE ?'
GO
You can find the post here. It is the post by Groker.

Answer 3

In SSMS:
Right click the database
Go to "Tasks"
Click "Generate Scripts"
In the "Choose Objects" section, select "Script entire database and all database objects"
In the "Set Scripting Options" section, click the "Advanced" button
On "Script DROP and CREATE" switch "Script CREATE" to "Script DROP" and press OK
Then, either save to file, clipboard, or new query window.
Run script.
Now, this will drop everything, including the database. Make sure to remove the code for the items you don't want dropped. Alternatively, in the "Choose Objects" section, instead of selecting to script entire database just select the items you want to remove.

Answer 4

The accepted answer doesn't support Azure. It uses an undocumented stored procedure "sp_MSforeachtable". If you get an "azure could not find stored procedure 'sp_msforeachtable" error when running or simply want to avoid relying on undocumented features (which can be removed or have their functionality changed at any point) then try the below.
This version ignores the entity framework migration history table "__MigrationHistory" and the "database_firewall_rules" which is an Azure table you will not have permission to delete.
Lightly tested on Azure. Do check to make this this has no undesired effects on your environment.
DECLARE #sql NVARCHAR(2000)
WHILE(EXISTS(SELECT 1 from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS WHERE CONSTRAINT_TYPE='FOREIGN KEY'))
BEGIN
SELECT TOP 1 #sql=('ALTER TABLE ' + TABLE_SCHEMA + '.[' + TABLE_NAME + '] DROP CONSTRAINT [' + CONSTRAINT_NAME + ']')
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS
WHERE CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'FOREIGN KEY'
EXEC(#sql)
PRINT #sql
END
WHILE(EXISTS(SELECT * from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE TABLE_NAME != '__MigrationHistory' AND TABLE_NAME != 'database_firewall_rules'))
BEGIN
SELECT TOP 1 #sql=('DROP TABLE ' + TABLE_SCHEMA + '.[' + TABLE_NAME + ']')
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
WHERE TABLE_NAME != '__MigrationHistory' AND TABLE_NAME != 'database_firewall_rules'
EXEC(#sql)
PRINT #sql
END
Taken from:
https://edspencer.me.uk/2013/02/25/drop-all-tables-in-a-sql-server-database-azure-friendly/
http://www.sqlservercentral.com/blogs/sqlservertips/2011/10/11/remove-all-foreign-keys/

Answer 5

delete is used for deleting rows from a table. You should use drop table instead.
EXEC sp_msforeachtable 'drop table [?]'

Answer 6

/* Drop all Primary Key constraints */
DECLARE #name VARCHAR(128)
DECLARE #constraint VARCHAR(254)
DECLARE #SQL VARCHAR(254)
SELECT #name = (SELECT TOP 1 TABLE_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS WHERE constraint_catalog=DB_NAME() AND CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY' ORDER BY TABLE_NAME)
WHILE #name IS NOT NULL
BEGIN
SELECT #constraint = (SELECT TOP 1 CONSTRAINT_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS WHERE constraint_catalog=DB_NAME() AND CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY' AND TABLE_NAME = #name ORDER BY CONSTRAINT_NAME)
WHILE #constraint is not null
BEGIN
SELECT #SQL = 'ALTER TABLE [dbo].[' + RTRIM(#name) +'] DROP CONSTRAINT [' + RTRIM(#constraint)+']'
EXEC (#SQL)
PRINT 'Dropped PK Constraint: ' + #constraint + ' on ' + #name
SELECT #constraint = (SELECT TOP 1 CONSTRAINT_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS WHERE constraint_catalog=DB_NAME() AND CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY' AND CONSTRAINT_NAME <> #constraint AND TABLE_NAME = #name ORDER BY CONSTRAINT_NAME)
END
SELECT #name = (SELECT TOP 1 TABLE_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS WHERE constraint_catalog=DB_NAME() AND CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY' ORDER BY TABLE_NAME)
END
GO
/* Drop all tables */
DECLARE #name VARCHAR(128)
DECLARE #SQL VARCHAR(254)
SELECT #name = (SELECT TOP 1 [name] FROM sysobjects WHERE [type] = 'U' AND category = 0 ORDER BY [name])
WHILE #name IS NOT NULL
BEGIN
SELECT #SQL = 'DROP TABLE [dbo].[' + RTRIM(#name) +']'
EXEC (#SQL)
PRINT 'Dropped Table: ' + #name
SELECT #name = (SELECT TOP 1 [name] FROM sysobjects WHERE [type] = 'U' AND category = 0 AND [name] > #name ORDER BY [name])
END
GO

Answer 7

You are almost right, use instead:
EXEC sp_msforeachtable 'ALTER TABLE ? NOCHECK CONSTRAINT all'
EXEC sp_msforeachtable 'DROP TABLE ?'
but second line you might need to execute more then once until you stop getting error:
Could not drop object 'dbo.table' because it is referenced by a FOREIGN KEY constraint.
Message:
Command(s) completed successfully.
means that all table were successfully deleted.

Answer 8

Short and sweet:
USE YOUR_DATABASE_NAME
-- Disable all referential integrity constraints
EXEC sp_MSforeachtable 'ALTER TABLE ? NOCHECK CONSTRAINT ALL'
GO
-- Drop all PKs and FKs
declare #sql nvarchar(max)
SELECT #sql = STUFF((SELECT '; ' + 'ALTER TABLE ' + Table_Name +' drop constraint ' + Constraint_Name from Information_Schema.CONSTRAINT_TABLE_USAGE ORDER BY Constraint_Name FOR XML PATH('')),1,1,'')
EXECUTE (#sql)
GO
-- Drop all tables
EXEC sp_MSforeachtable 'DROP TABLE ?'
GO

Answer 9

Spot on!!
You can use below query to remove all the tables from database
EXEC sp_MSforeachtable #command1 = "DROP TABLE ?"
Happy coding !

Answer 10

Seems the command should be without the square blanket
EXEC sp_msforeachtable 'drop table ?'

Answer 11

The fasted way is:
New Database Diagrams
Add all table
Ctrl + A to select all
Right Click "Remove from Database"
Ctrl + S to save
Enjoy

Answer 12

For me, the easiest way:
--First delete all constraints
DECLARE #sql NVARCHAR(MAX);
SET #sql = N'';
SELECT #sql = #sql + N'
ALTER TABLE ' + QUOTENAME(s.name) + N'.'
+ QUOTENAME(t.name) + N' DROP CONSTRAINT '
+ QUOTENAME(c.name) + ';'
FROM sys.objects AS c
INNER JOIN sys.tables AS t
ON c.parent_object_id = t.[object_id]
INNER JOIN sys.schemas AS s
ON t.[schema_id] = s.[schema_id]
WHERE c.[type] IN ('D','C','F','PK','UQ')
ORDER BY c.[type];
EXEC sys.sp_executesql #sql;
-- Then drop all tables
exec sp_MSforeachtable 'DROP TABLE ?'

Answer 13

Azure SQL + tables (with constraints) in a different schema than dbo + ipv6_database_firewall_rules condition.
This is a little extension for https://stackoverflow.com/a/43128914/4510954 answer.
DECLARE #sql NVARCHAR(2000)
WHILE(EXISTS(SELECT 1 from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS WHERE CONSTRAINT_TYPE='FOREIGN KEY'))
BEGIN
SELECT TOP 1 #sql=('ALTER TABLE ' + CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA + '.[' + TABLE_NAME + '] DROP CONSTRAINT [' + CONSTRAINT_NAME + ']')
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS
WHERE CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'FOREIGN KEY'
EXEC(#sql)
PRINT #sql
END
WHILE(EXISTS(SELECT * from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE TABLE_NAME != '__MigrationHistory' AND TABLE_NAME != 'database_firewall_rules' AND TABLE_NAME != 'ipv6_database_firewall_rules'))
BEGIN
SELECT TOP 1 #sql=('DROP TABLE ' + CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA + '.[' + TABLE_NAME + ']')
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS
WHERE TABLE_NAME != '__MigrationHistory' AND TABLE_NAME != 'database_firewall_rules'
EXEC(#sql)
PRINT #sql
END

Answer 14

How about dropping the entire database and then creating it again? This works for me.
DROP DATABASE mydb;
CREATE DATABASE mydb;

Answer 15

For Temporal Tables it is a bit more complicated due to the fact there may be some foreign keys and also exception:
Drop table operation failed on table XXX because it is not a supported operation on system-versioned temporal tables
What you can use is:
-- Disable constraints (foreign keys)
EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'ALTER TABLE ? NOCHECK CONSTRAINT ALL'
GO
-- Disable system versioning (temporial tables)
EXEC sp_MSForEachTable '
IF OBJECTPROPERTY(object_id(''?''), ''TableTemporalType'') = 2
ALTER TABLE ? SET (SYSTEM_VERSIONING = OFF)
'
GO
-- Removing tables
EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'DROP TABLE ?'
GO

Answer 16

I know this is an old post now but I have tried all the answers on here on a multitude of databases and I have found they all work sometimes but not all of the time for various (I can only assume) quirks of SQL Server.
Eventually I came up with this. I have tested this everywhere (generally speaking) I can and it works (without any hidden store procedures).
For note mostly on SQL Server 2014. (but most of the other versions I tried it also seems to worked fine).
I have tried while loops and nulls etc etc, cursors and various other forms but they always seem to fail on some databases but not others for no obvious reason.
Getting a count and using that to iterate always seems to work on everything Ive tested.
USE [****YOUR_DATABASE****]
GO
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
-- Drop all referential integrity constraints --
-- Drop all Primary Key constraints. --
DECLARE #sql NVARCHAR(296)
DECLARE #table_name VARCHAR(128)
DECLARE #constraint_name VARCHAR(128)
SET #constraint_name = ''
DECLARE #row_number INT
SELECT #row_number = Count(*) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS rc1
LEFT JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS tc2 ON tc2.CONSTRAINT_NAME = rc1.CONSTRAINT_NAME
WHILE #row_number > 0
BEGIN
BEGIN
SELECT TOP 1 #table_name = tc2.TABLE_NAME, #constraint_name = rc1.CONSTRAINT_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS rc1
LEFT JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS tc2 ON tc2.CONSTRAINT_NAME = rc1.CONSTRAINT_NAME
AND rc1.CONSTRAINT_NAME > #constraint_name
ORDER BY rc1.CONSTRAINT_NAME
SELECT #sql = 'ALTER TABLE [dbo].[' + RTRIM(#table_name) +'] DROP CONSTRAINT [' + RTRIM(#constraint_name)+']'
EXEC (#sql)
PRINT 'Dropped Constraint: ' + #constraint_name + ' on ' + #table_name
SET #row_number = #row_number - 1
END
END
GO
-- Drop all tables --
DECLARE #sql NVARCHAR(156)
DECLARE #name VARCHAR(128)
SET #name = ''
DECLARE #row_number INT
SELECT #row_number = Count(*) FROM sysobjects WHERE [type] = 'U' AND category = 0
WHILE #row_number > 0
BEGIN
SELECT #name = (SELECT TOP 1 [name] FROM sysobjects WHERE [type] = 'U' AND category = 0 AND [name] > #name ORDER BY [name])
SELECT #sql = 'DROP TABLE [dbo].[' + RTRIM(#name) +']'
EXEC (#sql)
PRINT 'Dropped Table: ' + #name
SET #row_number = #row_number - 1
END
GO

Answer 17

sp_msforeachtable is not available in Azure SQL
For Azure SQL:
This query will drop Foreign Key constraints
DECLARE #Name VARCHAR(200)
DECLARE #Constraint VARCHAR(300)
DECLARE #SQL VARCHAR(300)
SELECT #Name = (SELECT TOP 1 TABLE_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS WHERE constraint_catalog=DB_NAME() AND CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'FOREIGN KEY' ORDER BY TABLE_NAME)
WHILE #Name is not null
BEGIN
SELECT #Constraint = (SELECT TOP 1 CONSTRAINT_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS WHERE constraint_catalog=DB_NAME() AND CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'FOREIGN KEY' AND TABLE_NAME = #Name ORDER BY CONSTRAINT_NAME)
WHILE #Constraint IS NOT NULL
BEGIN
SELECT #SQL = 'ALTER TABLE [dbo].[' + RTRIM(#Name) +'] DROP CONSTRAINT [' + RTRIM(#Constraint) +']'
EXEC (#SQL)
PRINT 'Dropped FK Constraint: ' + #Constraint + ' on ' + #Name
SELECT #Constraint = (SELECT TOP 1 CONSTRAINT_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS WHERE constraint_catalog=DB_NAME() AND CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'FOREIGN KEY' AND CONSTRAINT_NAME <> #Constraint AND TABLE_NAME = #Name ORDER BY CONSTRAINT_NAME)
END
SELECT #Name = (SELECT TOP 1 TABLE_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS WHERE constraint_catalog=DB_NAME() AND CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'FOREIGN KEY' ORDER BY TABLE_NAME)
END
GO
This will drop all the tables from the database
DECLARE #Name VARCHAR(200)
DECLARE #SQL VARCHAR(300)
SELECT #Name = (SELECT TOP 1 [name] FROM sysobjects WHERE [type] = 'U' AND category = 0 ORDER BY [name])
WHILE #Name IS NOT NULL
BEGIN
SELECT #SQL = 'DROP TABLE [dbo].[' + RTRIM(#name) +']' /*here you can change schema if it is different from dbo*/
EXEC (#SQL)
PRINT 'Dropped Table: ' + #Name
SELECT #Name = (SELECT TOP 1 [name] FROM sysobjects WHERE [type] = 'U' AND category = 0 AND [name] > #Name ORDER BY [name])
END
GO