I have an ultra-simple C program:
#include <stdio.h>
main()
{
printf("This is a C program\n");
}
which does not compile, yielding the error:
cc main.c
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lgcc_s
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
Compilation exited abnormally with code 1 at Sun Oct 30 01:42:10
sudo ln -s /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 /lib/libgcc_s.so
Per this post this works great!
Related
I browsed the whole internet and tried every solution for this, without result.
What I'm using:
Windows 10
Cygwin
gcc compiler
I'm trying to compile this simple code:
#include "SDL.h"
int main(int ac, char **av)
{
return 0;
}
This is what my makefile looks like:
hellosdl:
gcc hellosdl.c -L../SDL2-2.0.18/x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib -lSDL2main -lSDL2 -mwindows -I../SDL2-2.0.18/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/SDL2
where -lSDL2main -lSDL2 -mwindows is the output of sdl2-config --libs, minus -lmingw32.
Output:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/10/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/10/../../../../lib/libcygwin.a(libcmain.o): in function `main':
/usr/src/debug/cygwin-3.2.0-1/winsup/cygwin/lib/libcmain.c:37: undefined reference to `WinMain'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [Makefile:3: hellosdl] Error 1
What am I not understanding?
I am on Debian 10 and I want to develop an C application for PostgreSQL. This is why I installed a packages postgresql and libpq-dev. Later clearly installed header files inside the system folders:
┌───┐
│ $ │ ziga > ziga--workstation > 001--hello_world
└─┬─┘
└─> find /usr/include/ | grep libpq
/usr/include/postgresql/libpq-fe.h
/usr/include/postgresql/libpq
/usr/include/postgresql/libpq/libpq-fs.h
/usr/include/postgresql/libpq-events.h
/usr/include/postgresql/internal/libpq
/usr/include/postgresql/internal/libpq/pqcomm.h
/usr/include/postgresql/internal/libpq-int.h
But when I compile this simple C program:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <postgresql/libpq-fe.h>
int main(int argc, char * argv[]){
int v = PQlibVersion();
printf("Version of libpq: %d\n", v);
return 0;
}
compiler says:
gcc -std=c17 -Wall -Wpedantic -g -gdwarf-2 -o main.elf main.c
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/ccVzig6T.o: in function `main':
/home/ziga/Dropbox/workspace/racunalnistvo/projects--pistam/2021-03-03--postgressql_c/001--hello_world/main.c:6: undefined reference to `PQlibVersion'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [makefile:59: main.elf] Error 1
I don't understand. Header files are inside /usr/include where they should be found...
Is library not being found or what? It is also installed...
┌───┐
│ $ │ ziga > ziga--workstation > 001--hello_world
└─┬─┘
└─> find /usr/lib | grep libpq
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpq.a
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpq.so
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpq.so.5
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/libpq.pc
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpq.so.5.11
/usr/lib/postgresql/11/lib/bitcode/postgres/libpq
/usr/lib/postgresql/11/lib/bitcode/postgres/libpq/pqsignal.bc
/usr/lib/postgresql/11/lib/bitcode/postgres/libpq/be-secure-openssl.bc
/usr/lib/postgresql/11/lib/bitcode/postgres/libpq/auth.bc
/usr/lib/postgresql/11/lib/bitcode/postgres/libpq/pqcomm.bc
/usr/lib/postgresql/11/lib/bitcode/postgres/libpq/be-fsstubs.bc
/usr/lib/postgresql/11/lib/bitcode/postgres/libpq/pqformat.bc
/usr/lib/postgresql/11/lib/bitcode/postgres/libpq/ifaddr.bc
/usr/lib/postgresql/11/lib/bitcode/postgres/libpq/be-secure.bc
/usr/lib/postgresql/11/lib/bitcode/postgres/libpq/pqmq.bc
/usr/lib/postgresql/11/lib/bitcode/postgres/libpq/crypt.bc
/usr/lib/postgresql/11/lib/bitcode/postgres/libpq/be-secure-common.bc
/usr/lib/postgresql/11/lib/bitcode/postgres/libpq/hba.bc
/usr/lib/postgresql/11/lib/bitcode/postgres/libpq/auth-scram.bc
/usr/lib/postgresql/11/lib/libpqwalreceiver.so
Can anyone tell me how to best solve this?
As the log says, The linker is unable to find any reference to PQlibVersion. Since the linker is running, it clearly is not a problem of compiling but linking.
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/ccVzig6T.o: in function `main':
/home/ziga/Dropbox/workspace/racunalnistvo/projects--pistam/2021-03-03--postgressql_c/001--hello_world/main.c:6: undefined reference to `PQlibVersion'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
I think you should add linker options to link against the postgress library. Add -lpq option to you compiler arguments. For a more complete explanation, please read Building libpq Programs.
I have a very simple code:
#include <openssl/sha.h>
int main() {
SHA_CTX sha1;
SHA_Init(&sha1);
}
I have installed both libssl-dev and libcrypto++-dev:
However I have a build failure using the following command:
$ gcc -lcrypto -lssl main.c
/tmp/ccfnCAxT.o: In function `main':
main.c:(.text+0x1f): undefined reference to `SHA1_Init'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
$
$ gcc -lssl main.c
/tmp/ccfnCAxT.o: In function `main':
main.c:(.text+0x1f): undefined reference to `SHA1_Init'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Platform: Ubuntu 16.04
-lssl is not needed, -lcrypto is enough, and it must be at the end:
gcc -o main main.c -lcrypto
(or whatever you want your program to be called goes after -o)
#include <math.h>
int main() {
nan("");
}
The above code works on Linux with gcc fn.c -lm. It doesn't on solaris-sparc. How do I fix this?
The error message is:
Undefined symbol nan, first referenced in file /var/tmp//ccsdneUZ.o ld: fatal: Symbol referencing errors. No output written to test collect2: ld returned 1 exit status.
I am using Cygwin environment with Lua Interpreter package included while cygwin installation.
So I am able to compile and run sample lua progs.
But when i try to execute a sample c file which has lua calls , i am always getting this following error.
$ cc -o ../samples/ctest -Wall ../samples/ctest.c
/tmp/ccOYgLj4.o:ctest.c:(.text+0x2b): undefined reference to `_luaL_newstate'
/tmp/ccOYgLj4.o:ctest.c:(.text+0x3d): undefined reference to `_luaL_openlibs'
/tmp/ccOYgLj4.o:ctest.c:(.text+0x59): undefined reference to `_luaL_loadfile'
/tmp/ccOYgLj4.o:ctest.c:(.text+0x82): undefined reference to `_lua_pcall'
/tmp/ccOYgLj4.o:ctest.c:(.text+0xb8): undefined reference to `_lua_getfield'
/tmp/ccOYgLj4.o:ctest.c:(.text+0xd5): undefined reference to `_lua_call'
/tmp/ccOYgLj4.o:ctest.c:(.text+0xf0): undefined reference to `_lua_close'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
My sample ctest.c file contents:
#include <stdio.h>
#include "lua.h"
#include "lualib.h"
#include "lauxlib.h"
/* lua interpreter */
lua_State* l;
int main () {
int dofile;
/* initialize lua */
l = lua_open();
/* load lua libraries */
luaL_openlibs(l);
/* run the hello.lua script */
dofile = luaL_dofile(l, "hello.lua");
if (dofile == 0) {
/* call foo */
lua_getglobal(l,"foo");
lua_call(l,0,0);
}
else {
printf("Error, unable to run hello.lua\n");
}
/* cleanup Lua */
lua_close(l);
return 0;
}
hello.lua file contents:
print("from c hurray")
on searching the net everywhere they say some linker error and have to include -llua51. So i tried the following .
$ cc -o ../samples/ctest -Wall -llua5.1 ../samples/ctest.c
/tmp/cc3v5Nim.o:ctest.c:(.text+0x2b): undefined reference to `_luaL_newstate'
/tmp/cc3v5Nim.o:ctest.c:(.text+0x3d): undefined reference to `_luaL_openlibs'
/tmp/cc3v5Nim.o:ctest.c:(.text+0x59): undefined reference to `_luaL_loadfile'
/tmp/cc3v5Nim.o:ctest.c:(.text+0x82): undefined reference to `_lua_pcall'
/tmp/cc3v5Nim.o:ctest.c:(.text+0xb8): undefined reference to `_lua_getfield'
/tmp/cc3v5Nim.o:ctest.c:(.text+0xd5): undefined reference to `_lua_call'
/tmp/cc3v5Nim.o:ctest.c:(.text+0xf0): undefined reference to `_lua_close'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
Vedhashree#Vedhashree-PC /cygdrive/c/cygwin/bin
$ ls /usr/lib/liblua*.a
/usr/lib/liblua.a /usr/lib/liblua5.1.a
/usr/lib/liblua.dll.a /usr/lib/liblua5.1.dll.a
Can you help me fix this issue and make my first embedded lua c program work?
Update:
$ cc -o ctesing -Wall ctesting.c -llua5.1
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-cygwin/4.3.4/../../../../i686-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: cannot find
-llua5.1
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
-----------------------------------------------------------------
cc -o ../samples/ctest -Wall ../samples/ctest.c -llua
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-cygwin/4.3.4/../../../../i686-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: cannot find
-llua51
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
-----------------------------------------------------------------
cc -o ../samples/ctest -Wall ../samples/ctest.c -llua51
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-cygwin/4.3.4/../../../../i686-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: cannot find
-llua
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Still I get only these errors :(
Place -llua5.1 after ../samples/ctest.c. Objects should be linked in reverse order of dependency.
cc -o ../samples/ctest -Wall ../samples/ctest.c -llua5.1
UPDATE: Your update describes a different problem. In this case the linker cannot find a liblua5.1.a file in its search path. Make sure that you have such a library on your system and try adding its path using the -L option.