SQL Server UPDATE with WHERE spanning over 2 tables - sql-server

Question

I have a SQL Server database and I need to manually do an update query. There for no solutions using any programming language can be used.(stored procedures can be used)
I have 4 tables affected (/used) in the query.
[Orders]
[StatusHistoryForOrder]
[StatusHistory]
[Statuses]
I need to update the field [Orders].[OrderStatusID] which is a foreign key to [Statuses]. (So actually changing the state of the order. The table [StatusHistoryForOrder] is a linking table to [StatusHistory] and only contains 2 colums.
[StatusHistoryForOrder].[OrderId]
[StatusHistoryForOrder].[OrderStatusHistoryid]
Don't say that this is not logically cause I already know that. The company who designed the database is a complete retarded company but the database is now too large to set things straight and there is neither the time or money to do it.
The [StatusHistory] table has multiple columns:
[StatusHistory].[OrderStatusHistoryId]
[StatusHistory].[OrderStatusId]
[StatusHistory].[Date]
[StatusHistory].[Message]
The [StatusHistory].[OrderStatusId] is also a foreign key to [Statuses].
In the update query I need to update the status of the order to status 16. But only on rows that now have status 1 and are older then 60 days. I know I can check the date by using the function
DATEDIFF(DD,[StatusHistory].[Date],GETDATE()) > 60
But how to implement this query if the date field is not in the orders. And to set the new [StatusHistory] a new row has to be made for that table and the [StatusHistoryForOrder] table also needs a new row and the ID of that row needs to be set in the [Orders] table row.
Does anyone know how to do this? I am fairly new to SQL Server (or SQL for that matter) and I have absolutly no clue where to begin.
Conclusion:
I need a stored procedure that first checks every row in [Orders] if the [StatusHistory].[Date] (which is linked to the order using foreign keys) of that order is older that 60. If it is older then a new StatusHistory row must be inserted with the current date and status 16. Then in [StatusHistoryForOrder] a new row must be inserted with the new ID of the statusHistory been set in [StatusHistoryForOrder].[OrderStatusHistoryid] and the order id set in [StatusHistoryForOrder].[OrderId]. And last but not least: The [Orders].[OrderStatusID] also needs to be set to 16.
A select query to select the date and status of the order:
SELECT TOP (100) PERCENT
dbo.Orders.OrderID,
dbo.Statuses.Description AS Status,
dbo.StatusHistory.Date
FROM
dbo.Orders
INNER JOIN
dbo.Statuses
ON
dbo.Orders.OrderStatusID = dbo.Statuses.StatusId
INNER JOIN
dbo.StatusHistoryForOrder
ON
dbo.Orders.OrderID = dbo.StatusHistoryForOrder.OrderId
INNER JOIN
dbo.StatusHistory
ON
dbo.StatusHistoryForOrder.OrderStatusHistoryid = dbo.StatusHistory.OrderStatusHistoryId
WHERE
(dbo.Statuses.StatusId = 1)
AND
(DATEDIFF(DD, dbo.StatusHistory.Date, GETDATE()) > 60)
UPDATE
For #marc_s:
Can anyone help me with that?

Answer 1

Try this CTE (Common Table Expression) to find all those orders - does it work, are the results plausible? (this doesn't update anything just yet - just SELECTing for now):
USE (your database name here)
GO
DECLARE #OrdersToUpdate TABLE (OrderID INT, StatusHistoryID INT, StatusDate DATETIME)
;WITH RelevantOrders AS
(
SELECT
o.OrderId, sh.Date
FROM dbo.Orders o
INNER JOIN dbo.StatusHistoryForOrder ho ON ho.OrderId = o.OrderId
INNER JOIN dbo.StatusHistory sh ON ho.OrderStatusHistoryid = sh.OrderStatusHistoryid
WHERE
sh.Date <= DATEADD(D, -60, GETDATE()) -- older than 60 days back from today
AND o.OrderStatusID = 1 -- status = 1
)
INSERT INTO #OrdersToUpdate(OrderID, StatusDate)
SELECT OrderID, [Date]
FROM RelevantOrders
BEGIN TRANSACTION
BEGIN TRY
DECLARE #OrderIDToInsert INT, -- OrderID to process
#InsertedStatusHistoryID INT -- new ID of the inserted row in StatusHistory
-- grab the first OrderID that needs to be processed
SELECT TOP 1 #OrderIDToInsert = OrderID
FROM #OrdersToUpdate
WHERE StatusHistoryID IS NULL
ORDER BY OrderID
-- as long as there are still more OrderID to be processed ....
WHILE #OrderIDToInsert IS NOT NULL
BEGIN
PRINT 'Now inserting new StatusHistory entry for OrderID = ' + CAST(#OrderIDToInsert AS VARCHAR(10))
INSERT INTO dbo.StatusHistory(OrderStatusID, [Date], [Message])
VALUES(16, GETDATE(), 'Bulk Insert/Update operation') -- enter here whatever you want to store
SELECT #InsertedStatusHistoryID = SCOPE_IDENTITY(); -- grab newly inserted ID
PRINT 'New StatusHistory entry inserted with ID = ' + CAST(#InsertedStatusHistoryID AS VARCHAR(10))
UPDATE #OrdersToUpdate
SET StatusHistoryID = #InsertedStatusHistoryID
WHERE OrderID = #OrderIDToInsert
-- safety - reset #OrderIDToInsert to NULL so that we'll know when we're done
SET #OrderIDToInsert = NULL
-- read next OrderID to be processed
SELECT TOP 1 #OrderIDToInsert = OrderID
FROM #OrdersToUpdate
WHERE StatusHistoryID IS NULL
ORDER BY OrderID
END
-- insert into the StatusHistoryForOrder table
INSERT INTO dbo.StatusHistoryForOrder(OrderID, OrderStatusHistoryID)
SELECT OrderID, StatusHistoryID
FROM #OrdersToUpdate
-- update your Orders to status ID = 16
UPDATE dbo.Orders
SET OrderStatusID = 16
FROM #OrdersToUpdate upd
WHERE dbo.Orders.OrderID = upd.OrderID
COMMIT TRANSACTION
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
SELECT
ERROR_NUMBER() AS ErrorNumber,
ERROR_SEVERITY() AS ErrorSeverity,
ERROR_STATE() AS ErrorState,
ERROR_PROCEDURE() AS ErrorProcedure,
ERROR_LINE() AS ErrorLine,
ERROR_MESSAGE() AS ErrorMessage
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
END CATCH
This CTE basically joins your Orders table to the StatusHistory table (via the intermediate link table) and selects the values you're interested in (hopefully!).

Answer 2

This particular problem seems solvable with set operations only.
DECLARE #Orders TABLE (ID int, rownum int IDENTITY);
DECLARE #StatusHistory TABLE (ID int, rownum int IDENTITY);
/* get the list of orders with expired statuses */
INSERT INTO #Orders (ID)
SELECT o.OrderID
FROM Orders o
INNER JOIN StatusHistoryForOrder shfo ON o.OrderID = shfo.OrderId
INNER JOIN StatusHistory sh ON shfo.OrderStatusHistoryid = sh.OrderStatusHistoryId
GROUP BY o.OrderID
HAVING DATEDIFF(DD, MAX(sh.Date), GETDATE()) > 60
/* add so many new rows to StatusHistory and remember the new IDs */
INSERT INTO StatusHistory (OrderStatusId, Date, Message)
OUTPUT inserted.OrderStatusHistoryId INTO #StatusHistory (ID)
SELECT
16,
GETDATE(),
'Auto-inserted as the previous status has expired'
FROM #Orders
/* join the two temp lists together and add rows to StatusHistoryForOrder */
INSERT INTO StatusHistoryForOrder (OrderId, OrderStatusHistoryid)
SELECT o.ID, sh.ID
FROM #Orders o
INNER JOIN #StatusHistory sh ON o.rownum = sh.rownum
/* finally update the statuses in Orders */
UPDATE Orders
SET OrderStatusID = 16
FROM #Orders o
WHERE Orders.OrderID = o.ID
This should be the body of a single transaction, of course.