if i put everything in viewbox container then my wpf apps will be resolution independent or do i need to do anything else. please help with concept.
Scale elements accordingly to the available screen or medium size
If your desire is, to allways fill some room of the screen or output device, independently of the metrics, using the viewbox is a good choice. If you have a big monitor, you will have a big element, if you have a small paper, you will have a small print out of the same element.
With the Stretch-property of an image you have a similar possibility only for pictures.
Make elements on every device equaly sized
WPF is designed "resolution independent". The goal of this resolution indepency is, that if you design an element to be 15 inches, then it will be on every output medium this 15 inches, independently of the resolution of your output device. Calculaction and specification of dimensions is done in "device independent pixels" (DIP) which you can convert to centimeters or inches without having specific knowledge about the output devices resolution.
96DIP == 1inch == 2.54cm;
1 inch == 96DPI;
1 cm == 37.8DIP;
If want to use this resolution indepency, you can set fixed values (in DIPs) to your elements. On a large monitor then your element then maybe only uses a small part (e.G. 15inches), and on a small monitor it fills the whole screen (also 15inches).
WPF is resolution independent without any extra tricks at all. If you host legacy controls (non-WPF controls) then this may break for them, but WPF itself is resolutions independent and vector based.
Viewbox has nothing to do with resolution independence.
Resolution independence means, controls you specify can be drawn on different resolutions while keeping scale. So you can use display that has 10x bigger density of points, but controls will still look same to you.
And like it was said, WPF itself was designed with this in mind, you dont have to do anything.
Related
I have a fundamental question that I would like to get addressed. I'm almost done with my universal app and I was told that I need to specifically customize the UI controls for iPad screens (e.g) labels, buttons. So, for example, I have the following code in viewDidLoad event in one of my xibs.
if ([[UIDevice currentDevice] userInterfaceIdiom] == UIUserInterfaceIdiomPhone)
{
[_lblRandomDisplay setFont: [UIFont fontWithName: #"Helvetica Neue" size:100]];
}
else
{
[_lblRandomDisplay setFont: [UIFont fontWithName: #"Helvetica Neue" size:250]];
}
Here _lblRandomDisplay is UILabel IBOutlet property and I increase the font for iPad and reduce it for iPhone. Is this the way to approach the iPad screens or does iOS automatically scale the screen when viewed on iPad?. As a side note, I have named the xib filenames as filename~iphone.xib and filename~ipad.xib and it loads correctly based on the device selected in the simulator.
In those lines, I have a Settings screen (not using the Settings bundle) using UITableViews that I have designed for iPhone and programmatically load data from NSArray. When loaded on iPad using the settings~ipad.xib (copied the controls from settings~iphone.xib), I haven't adjusted the row height specifically for iPad to make it look bigger. The screen shows OK on the iPad but it looks smaller. Is this the right approach or what is the best way to approach this?
Please advise.
The advice that you have been given, to customise UIControls for screen size, seems wrong. UIControl sizes, and text sizes in general, should remain the same on all devices. These items are designed in sizes appropriate for readability and touchability, neither of which has any relationship to screen size.
iOS is designed with this in mind. If you make a universal project with iPad and iPhone xibs or storyboards, you will find that user interface widgets are the same pixel/point size regardless of the device (I am ignoring Retina/non-retina distinctions here for simplicity). For example, the default size of a standard button is 73 x 43 with a font size of 15pt in both cases. A Navigation Bar is 44 px/points high on both devices. This is as it should be. If we assume that reading distance on an iPhone, or an iPad mini, or an iPad is approximately the same, then there is no reason to adjust text size. The idea of redesigning for the iPad is really that you can get more information on one screen, not a bigger version of the same information.
There are two circumstances in which iOS "scales the screen":
is if you create an iPhone-only app and run it on an iPad. Then there is a user option to run it at double size. In this case everything including font sizes are scaled up, but this is done by pixel-doubling, so the effect is a big blur. Take a look at it - and you will understand that this is precisely the reason why you should not design in this way.
if you use a single xib/storyboard for both iPhone and iPad, and rely on autolayout (ios6+) or autoresizing masks (ios5-) to auto-adjust the layout for different screen sizes. This method can -depending on your settings - proportionally resize image content of views, but will not dynamically resize text content, if you wanted to do that you would have to adjust in code. This is not a good way of designing an app anyway, it is better to make a dedicated design for iPhone and for iPad in separate xib/storyboards as you have done.
I expect when you say the iPad "looks smaller" you mean, the UI appears smaller as it gets lost on the larger screen... but the answer is not to just enlarge the size of your data, it is to reconsider your layout to fit more data on each screen. That is why with the iPad Apple provided the SplitViewController and introduced the pattern of the Container ViewController.
I wonder if you are also raising a related, but separate issue of proportional sizing of views for graphic design purposes (you mention font sizes of 100 and 250pt, not usual sizes for UI controls labels). You may want the look of your app to scale with the screen, a bit like the so-called fluid web design approach to variable window sizes. So for example you may have a graphic device based on a huge letter 'A' that fills your iphone screen, and want that letter to similarly fill you ipad screen. In this case you may need to set font sizes as in your code example.
You are certainly doing the right thing by not altering the row height of your table cells for the different devices, but for the larger screen you can of course make your table height larger, and accomodate more table cells in your view.
All of these comments are a bit general, as you haven't posted enough detail of your problem. It often helps to post a picture or two...
I'm trying to write an CAD-like application in WPF(.NET 4.0) that needs to be able to display a lot of 2D points/lines. It will be used to display CAD-plans of entire cities with zoom, pan, rotate and point snapping on mouseover.
Right now I purely use WPF. I read the objects from the CAD file draw them into a StreamGeometry, use it as stroke of a new Path and add it to a Canvas, with several transforms.
My problem is that this solution doesn't scale well enough. It works fine with small CAD-files, but when I want to display like half a city(with houses and land boundaries) it is very very delayed.
I also tried to convert my CAD-file to an image, but
- a resolution a 32000x32000 is sometimes not enough
- when zooming out the lines are too thin.
In the end I need to be able to place this on a Canvas(2D/3D) as background.
What are my best options here?
Thanks,
Niklas
wpf is not good for a large 3d models. im afraid it is too slow. Your best bet is direct 3d or openGL
However, even with the speed of direct3d,openGL you will still need to work out how to cull as many polygons/vertices as possible before the rendering of the scene if you are trying to show an entire city.
there is a large amount of information on this (generally under game development)
there are a few techniques including frustrum culling, near and far plane culling.
also, since you probably have a static scene you may be able to use binary spacial partitioning.
As I understand the subject is 2D CAD system within WPF.
Great! I use it...
OpenGL and DirectX are in infinite loop OnDraw always. The CPU works all the time.
WPF/Silverlight 2D is smart model.
Yes, total amount of elements (for example, primitives inherited from Shape) must be not so much. But how many?
I tested own app (Silverlight). WPF will be a bit faster I hope...
Here my 2D CAD results. Performance is still great. Each beam consists of multiple primitives.
Use a VirtualCanvas like this one from Chris Lovett.
Does anyone know what measurement units are used by Silverlight/WFP? For example, if I create a new button and set its height to 150, is that 150 pixels? points? millimeters?
I design all of my applications in Adobe Illustrator before proceeding to code, and although I try and set everything to the dimensions in my Illustrator file, the Silverlight application is usually larger.
Although in theory, 1 unit in WPF is 1/96th of an inch, that's frequently not the case in practice.
It's usually true when printing. But it's rarely true on screen. The reason for this is that Windows almost always knows the true resolution of a printer, but almost never knows the true resolution of a screen.
For example, I have three screens attached to my computer. Windows thinks that they all have a resolution of 96 pixels per inch. Actually they don't. Two of them have a resolution of 101 pixels per inch, and one has a resolution of 94 pixels per inch. (Why? Because Windows has no way of working the true resolutions out for itself, and I haven't told it. The fiction that they all have the same pixel size is close to the truth, and turns out to be a convenient fiction.)
So when I create, say, a Rectangle in WPF with Width and Height both set to 96, the size of the Rectangle actually depends on which screen it appears on. Windows thinks that all 3 screens have a resolution of 96 pixels per inch, and so it'll render the rectangle as being 96 pixels tall and wide no matter which screen it appears on. That'll make it appear 0.95 inches tall on two of the screens, and 1.02 inches tall on the third.
So in practice, that means that units in WPF on my computer here are either 1/100th of an inch, or 1/94th of an inch in practice. (I.e., in practice, the size of 1 unit in WPF is exactly the size of 1 pixel on my particular setup, no matter how big the pixels happen to be.)
I could change that. I could reconfigure Windows - I could tell it the actual resolution of all 3 screens, in which case the nominal and actual WPF unit sizes would coincide. Or I could lie - I could claim that I have 200 pixel per inch screens, in which case everything would be massive...
The basic problem here is that there is no standard way for the computer to discover the true size of the physical pixels on the screen, and very few people bother to set it up by hand. (And in fact you can cause problems by configuring it 'correctly', because a lot of software doesn't behave correctly when you do.) So the majority of Windows computers don't report physical pixel sizes correctly to WPF - they can't because they don't know.
Consequently, there's no reliable answer to the question - 1 unit in WPF could be pretty much anything on screen. (In practice, most of the time, it turns out to be 1 pixel, simply because if you don't tell Windows anything else, it defaults to assuming that your screens have pixels that are 1/96th of an inch tall, which is the same as 1 WPF unit. And for most desktop screens, that's actually quite likely to be a good guess. But this isn't universal. On systems configured with what used to be called 'large fonts' for example, you'll find a different nominal screen resolution, and 1 WPF unit will correspond to slightly more than 1 physical pixel - about 1.2 in fact.)
With printers, it's all much more predictable. Printers are invariably able to report their resolutions correctly. So if you print something that's 96 WPF units high, you can be confident that it will be 1 inch high.
MSDN's documentation states that the FrameworkElement.Height property (for Silverlight) refers to:
The height, in pixels, of the object
However, for WPF it refers to:
a device-independent unit (1/96th inch) measurement
So, to answer your question... pixels for Silverlight, device-independent units for WPF.
The documentation refers to Pixels, however these are Pixels where there are 96 such pixels per inch. A line of Width 96 when display on a 120 DPI display will be 120 actual device pixels. Similarly such a line drawn on a printer output which has 600 DPI will be 600 pixels long.
They are Device Independent Units.
You can find more detailed explanations here.
I'm learning about WPF. WPF uses device-independent pixels. But I can't really understand them. Why are they better than device-dependent pixels, if most other apps are device-dependent and WPF apps aren't? Would they stick out?
The advantage of device independent pixels is that when specifying a UI you can determine the size that UI components will appear on the user's device, regardless of the user's screen resolution. Unfortunately, it's not quite as simple as that, as it requires the user to have various settings set 'correctly', and it can be overridden by a user who wants to change the resolution of their device (e.g. a partially sighted user who wants to run at a low resolution to make text easier to read).
In addition to the other link posted, you can also check out this one:
Is WPF Really Resolution Independent?
Note that you can turn on snapping a control to device pixels with the SnapsToDevicePixels set to true to avoid the blurriness that occurs when a horizontal/vertical line is drawn on the boundary between two device pixels.
Before understanding device independent unit, it is required to understand what DPI is. DPI is dots per inch, that means there would be certain number (96 usually) of pixels in an inch . But what is important to understand is in Win32 environment this inch is not fixed in size as a physical inch. So when the number of dots increases / decreases by changing the resolution there would more / less number of dots in an inch as a result the "inch" size increases or decreases.
However in case of WPF the inch size is as good as a physical inch as a result every time the DPI changes the system adjusts it self accordingly.
It's about UI and font scaling depending on the system's DPI setting:
Not all applications are DPI-aware: some
use hardware pixels as the primary
unit of measurement; changing the
system DPI has no effect on these
applications. Many other applications
use DPI-aware units to describe font
sizes, but use pixels to describe
everything else. Making the DPI too
small or too large can cause layout
problems for these applications,
because the applications' text scales
with the system's DPI setting, but the
applications' UI does not. This
problem has been eliminated for
applications developed using WPF.
WPF supports automatic scaling by
using the device independent pixel as
its primary unit of measurement,
instead of hardware pixels; graphics
and text scale properly without any
extra work from the application
developer.
This is taken from the link Kishore provided. (http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms748373.aspx)
My developer's box has a screen resolution of 1680 x 1050. I'm developing a full-screen Silverlight 3 application that I'm considering deploying to the Internet. So, I want to make sure the application looks good on a variety of screen resolutions. I just started testing on other boxes, the first one having a screen resolution of 1024 x 768. During the test I found some of the pages on the application were partially truncated. It seems the controls on the page didn't adjust for the lower screen resolution. So, I'm looking for some tips on how to make a Silverlight application, to the extent possible, adjust for screen resolution. For example, are there things one should or should not do on XAML to make adapting to screen resolution easier? Should I just optimize for a minimum screen resolution? Your thoughts and suggestions are welcomed.
You can easily enforce a minimum acceptable resolution by setting the MinHeight and MinWidth properties of your root visual. (Of course, this should be less than the minimum screen resolution to account for browser chrome.)
Try to specify absolute Width and Height only when necessary: for example, for images or icons of fixed dimensions, or for obvious cases like TextBoxes (whose width should reflect the average length of the data entered).
Grid panels are excellent for mixing scalable and fixed layout areas. The star sizing specification takes a bit of getting used to--it's not as simple as a percentage-based proportioning--but it's much more flexible, especially in combination with row/column min/max dimensions.
You don't really need to test on multiple resolutions unless you're interested in testing a range of dots per inch--just resize the browser to approximate different screens. Since there's always a bit of give and take depending on the user's browser configuration, you'll have to account for some variance anyway.
You can make your application scale with the Silverlight Toolkit ViewBox or make it strech with layout controls like the Grid, StackPanel, and WrapPanel. Make your main UserControl have a Width and Height of Auto (or remove the width and height entirely) and the size of the app will resize to the size of the parent div (the default HTML template uses 100%x100%). Then just resize the browser accordingly. IE8 has developer tools that can help you see your app resized to specific screen resolutions.
Testing on a variety of screen resolutions is always a good idea.
I covered the resizing of elements and making it resolution independent on another thread.
You can have a look here, there are multiple ways to sizing and resizing things automatically.