Count number of parameters in C variable argument method call - c

Question

When using va_start(), va_arg() and va_end() to read parameters passed to a method, is there a way to count how many arguments there are?
According to the man page if you call va_arg() too many times you get "random errors":
If there is no next argument, or if
type is not compatible with the type
of the actual next argument (as
promoted according to the default
argument promotions), random errors will occur.

Answer 1

No. a Variable Argument function (such as printf), must "know" when to stop looking for more arguments.
printf knows by the number of %d, %s and other symbols in its format string.
Other functions sometimes use Sentinel values:
sumValues(1, 3, 5, 7, 6, 9, -1); // will add numbers until it encounters a -1
Other functions may have the number of parameters stated up front:
AddNames(4, "Bill", "Alice", "Mike", "Tom");

Answer 2

Here is a fairly astonishing trick that allows you to build what you want using C99's variadic macros:
PP_NARG()
Returns the number of arguments contained in __VA_ARGS__
You can use this to write a macro wrapping your real function that adds a count to the front of the real function's arguments.
See also this question. However probably the classical approaches are still more sensible for a year or three yet!
The code, so that this answer is useful even without the Usenet archive...
/* The PP_NARG macro returns the number of arguments that have been
* passed to it.
*/
#define PP_NARG(...) \
PP_NARG_(__VA_ARGS__,PP_RSEQ_N())
#define PP_NARG_(...) \
PP_ARG_N(__VA_ARGS__)
#define PP_ARG_N( \
_1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7, _8, _9,_10, \
_11,_12,_13,_14,_15,_16,_17,_18,_19,_20, \
_21,_22,_23,_24,_25,_26,_27,_28,_29,_30, \
_31,_32,_33,_34,_35,_36,_37,_38,_39,_40, \
_41,_42,_43,_44,_45,_46,_47,_48,_49,_50, \
_51,_52,_53,_54,_55,_56,_57,_58,_59,_60, \
_61,_62,_63,N,...) N
#define PP_RSEQ_N() \
63,62,61,60, \
59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50, \
49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40, \
39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30, \
29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20, \
19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10, \
9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1,0

Answer 3

There are two ways to know how many arguments were passed. First, you can have one of the function parameters tell you (like printf for example). The other way is to have a sentinel value at the end of your list - for instance, you could stop at a NULL argument.
You can use va_copy if you choose the second method, but still want to count the parameters before deciding what to do with them.

Answer 4

A handy variation to the sentinel version of variadic functions is to define a macro that automagically adds up the expected sentinel as last argument :
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <assert.h>
int sum_(int unused, ...)
{
va_list args;
int sum, val;
va_start(args, unused);
sum = 0;
while ((val = va_arg(args, int)) != -1)
sum += val;
va_end(args);
return sum;
}
#define sum(...) sum_(41, ##__VA_ARGS__, -1)
void main(void)
{
assert(sum(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) == 21);
}