How to convert from ASCII to Hex and vice versa? [closed] - c

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Closed 10 years ago.
I need to convert ASCII to HEX and HEX to ASCII by using a C program.
How can I do that?

Here's a simplistic function to convert one character to a hexadecimal string.
char hexDigit(unsigned n)
{
if (n < 10) {
return n + '0';
} else {
return (n - 10) + 'A';
}
}
void charToHex(char c, char hex[3])
{
hex[0] = hexDigit(c / 0x10);
hex[1] = hexDigit(c % 0x10);
hex[2] = '\0';
}

Its pretty easy. Scan through character by character ... best to start from the end. If the character is a number between 0 and 9 or a letter between a and f then place it in the correct position by left shifting it by the number of digits you've found so far.
For converting to a string then you do similar but first you mask and right shift the values. You then convert them to the character and place them in the string.

Related

Can someone give me the example of this algorithm [closed]

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Closed 9 years ago.
This algorithm written in Write great code Vol 1 book, is for conversion of string of decimal digits to an integer value:
Initialize a variable with zero; this will hold the final value.
If there are no more digits in the string, then the algorithm is complete,
and the variable holds the numeric value.
Fetch the next digit (going from left to right) from the string.
Multiply the variable by ten, and then add in the digit fetched in step 3.
Go to step 2 and repeat.
I don't know how the conversion takes place. Please give the example of this.
/* warning: naive and unsafe implement. don't use it for important projects */
int strtod(const char *str)
{
int ret = 0;
while (*str)
ret = ret * 10 + *str++ - '0';
return ret;
}
Consider the string "1134"
String Variable
()1134 0
(1)134 0 * 10 + 1 = 1
1(1)34 1 * 10 + 1 = 11
11(3)4 11 * 10 + 3 = 113
113(4) 113 * 10 + 4 = 1134
This is your standard string-to-int conversion algorithm:
char *s = "12345";
int res = 0; // 1. Initialize a variable with zero
while (*s) { // 2. If there are no more digits in the string...
int d = (*s++ - '0'); // 3. Fetch the next digit
res = 10*res + d; // 4. Multiply the variable by ten, and then...
} // 5. Go to step 2 and repeat.

How to convert an integer to a character array using C [closed]

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Closed 10 years ago.
I want to convert an integer number to a character array in C.
Input:
int num = 221234;
The result is equivalent to:
char arr[6];
arr[0] = '2';
arr[1] = '2';
arr[2] = '1';
arr[3] = '2';
arr[4] = '3';
arr[5] = '4';
How can I do this?
Make use of the log10 function to determine the number of digits and do like below:
char * toArray(int number)
{
int n = log10(number) + 1;
int i;
char *numberArray = calloc(n, sizeof(char));
for (i = n-1; i >= 0; --i, number /= 10)
{
numberArray[i] = (number % 10) + '0';
}
return numberArray;
}
Or the other option is sprintf(yourCharArray,"%ld", intNumber);
'sprintf' will work fine, if your first argument is a pointer to a character (a pointer to a character is an array in 'c'), you'll have to make sure you have enough space for all the digits and a terminating '\0'.
For example, If an integer uses 32 bits, it has up to 10 decimal digits.
So your code should look like:
int i;
char s[11];
...
sprintf(s,"%ld", i);
The easy way is by using sprintf. I know others have suggested itoa, but a) it isn't part of the standard library, and b) sprintf gives you formatting options that itoa doesn't.
Use itoa, as is shown here.
char buf[5];
// Convert 123 to string [buf]
itoa(123, buf, 10);
buf will be a string array as you documented. You might need to increase the size of the buffer.
You may give a shot at using itoa. Another alternative is to use sprintf.

Range queries for strings [closed]

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Closed 10 years ago.
My order is defined as 'A < a < B < b ...< Z < z'.
I have to find if a given string is in range or not.
Ex. If my range is AaA - BaB, AA or AaaB is inthe range, but not CbAA.
I am looking for any pointers, ideas, suggestions to help me start. I will implement this in C.
So all you need to implement is a single function that compares two strings according to your rules. It is kind of modified lexicograogical sorting:
int compare_letters(char x, char y) {
char lx = tolower(x);
char ly = tolower(y);
if (lx != ly) {
return lx < ly;
} else {
return x < y;
}
}
int smaller(const char* a, const char* b) {
.. use the above function ...
}
Now make use of the above function and to check if a given string x is in the range (a,b), check if smaller(a, x) and smaller(x, b). That's it.
Some tips on the function smaller - compare the strings char by char and if the two chars differ, return their compare_letter. If one of the strings runs out of letters, consider it smaller.

Can't find a bug here... C code [closed]

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Closed 10 years ago.
In this code I tried to write a function which returns 0 value if the two strings don't match, and a length of matching characters if i can find a substring in str that wholey resambles patt.
#include....
int check(char *str, char *patt, int *b)
{
if (*str == *patt && *patt != 0)
return *b * (1 + check(str+1,patt+1,&b));
else if (*patt == 0)
return 0;
else{
*b = 0;
return 0;
}
}
main()
{
char s1[SIZE] = "mama";
char s2[SIZE] = "mama";
int b = 1;
printf("%d\n",check(s1,s2,&b));
b = 1;
system ("pause");
return;
}
Here I should get the output 4, but I get -77779463.
Thanks for help!
PS I used recursion and set the b parameter as changable.
b is already a pointer to an int, so you want to make the recursive call with b and not &b.
Any decent compiler, with warnings enabled, would have alerted you to that mistake!
return *b * (1 + check(str+1,patt+1,&b));
^ dont pass address.
Pass b to it instead.

Error Handling in C? How to deal with scanf and illegal characters? [closed]

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Closed 10 years ago.
I'm writing a program in C, and for error handling it tells you to look for an illegal character when you're scanf-ing. In other words, look for a character that isn't an integer.
It is supposed to display an appropriate error message and terminate the program.
I'm a little confused as to how I go about looking for that illegal character, or noticing that it isn't an integer. Any help?
scanf() returns the number of successful arguments. If you do:
int ivar, return_val;
return_val = scanf("%i", &ivar);
return_val should be 1, cause of 1 parameter (ivar). Check the user input:
if (return_val == 1) {
// right input
} else {
// wrong input
}

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