In my code i am using the variable PATH_MAX for a buffer size. I had a problem when i was including the library who is supposed to define it #include <limits.h>. When i use this library my IDE doesn't recognize the variable as being define but when I include the library like #include <linux/limits.h> there is no problem and the variable is define. My question is what is the difference between both of them and will it cause problem when I will cross-compile my project ?
Thank you for all answer!
The limits.h header is a standard header that all implementations are required to supply. This contains numerical limits such as INT_MIN and INT_MAX among others. PATH_MAX is not part of this file.
The linux/limits.h header is specific to Linux. It is here that PATH_MAX is defined.
linux/limits.h is a very small header file:
/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note */
#ifndef _LINUX_LIMITS_H
#define _LINUX_LIMITS_H
#define NR_OPEN 1024
#define NGROUPS_MAX 65536 /* supplemental group IDs are available */
#define ARG_MAX 131072 /* # bytes of args + environ for exec() */
#define LINK_MAX 127 /* # links a file may have */
#define MAX_CANON 255 /* size of the canonical input queue */
#define MAX_INPUT 255 /* size of the type-ahead buffer */
#define NAME_MAX 255 /* # chars in a file name */
#define PATH_MAX 4096 /* # chars in a path name including nul */
#define PIPE_BUF 4096 /* # bytes in atomic write to a pipe */
#define XATTR_NAME_MAX 255 /* # chars in an extended attribute name */
#define XATTR_SIZE_MAX 65536 /* size of an extended attribute value (64k) */
#define XATTR_LIST_MAX 65536 /* size of extended attribute namelist (64k) */
#define RTSIG_MAX 32
#endif
And this file is defining PATH_MAX in Linux.
limits.h is a C standard header defining language (not system) related macros.
I added "Mersenne Twist Pseudorandom Number Generator Package" (one header file and one source file) to my Clion C project, but I can not build the project.
the error is :
multiple definition of `mts_lrand'
I can successfully compile and run the program using just command line and gcc but in Clion i can not.
I think it has something to do with macros, but I do not know how to fix it.
here is some part of the code i added:
mtwist.h
.
.
.
.
/*
* In gcc, inline functions must be declared extern or they'll produce
* assembly code (and thus linking errors). We have to work around
* that difficulty with the MT_EXTERN define.
*/
#ifndef MT_EXTERN
#ifdef __cplusplus
#define MT_EXTERN /* C++ doesn't need static */
#else /* __cplusplus */
#define MT_EXTERN extern /* C (at least gcc) needs extern */
#endif /* __cplusplus */
#endif /* MT_EXTERN */
/*
* Make it possible for mtwist.c to disable the inline keyword. We
* use our own keyword so that we don't interfere with inlining in
* C/C++ header files, above.
*/
#ifndef MT_INLINE
#define MT_INLINE inline /* Compiler has inlining */
#endif /* MT_INLINE */
/*
* Try to guess whether the compiler is one (like gcc) that requires
* inline code to be available in the header file, or a smarter one
* that gets inlines directly from object files. But if we've been
* given the information, trust it.
*/
#ifndef MT_GENERATE_CODE_IN_HEADER
#ifdef __GNUC__
#define MT_GENERATE_CODE_IN_HEADER 1
#endif /* __GNUC__ */
#if defined(__INTEL_COMPILER) || defined(_MSC_VER)
#define MT_GENERATE_CODE_IN_HEADER 0
#endif /* __INTEL_COMPILER || _MSC_VER */
#endif /* MT_GENERATE_CODE_IN_HEADER */
#if MT_GENERATE_CODE_IN_HEADER
/*
* Generate a random number in the range 0 to 2^32-1, inclusive, working
* from a given state vector.
*
* The generator is optimized for speed. The primary optimization is that
* the pseudorandom numbers are generated in batches of MT_STATE_SIZE. This
* saves the cost of a modulus operation in the critical path.
*/
MT_EXTERN MT_INLINE uint32_t mts_lrand(
register mt_state* state) /* State for the PRNG */
{
register uint32_t random_value; /* Pseudorandom value generated */
if (state->stateptr <= 0)
mts_refresh(state);
random_value = state->statevec[--state->stateptr];
MT_PRE_TEMPER(random_value);
return MT_FINAL_TEMPER(random_value);
}
.
.
.
.
you see the function definition is in header file, i think this is the problem but I don't know what to do
you can see complete code here.
I need to change a sched process' state by creating and calling a system call. And that's my code for do_settickets system call.
#include <stdio.h>
#include "pm.h"
#include "../sched/sched.h"
#include "../sched/schedproc.h"
#include <assert.h>
#include <minix/com.h>
#include <machine/archtypes.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define LOW_THRESHOLD 1
#define HIGH_THRESHOLD 30
int do_settickets(void){
struct schedproc *rpm;
int set_ticket = m_in.m1_i2; // get wanted set ticket value from message
int index = m_in.m1_i1; //get processIndex
rpm = &schedproc[index];
if(set_ticket < LOW_THRESHOLD){
rpm->ticket = LOW_THRESHOLD;
}else if(set_ticket > HIGH_THRESHOLD){
rpm->ticket = HIGH_THRESHOLD;
}else{
rpm->ticket = set_ticket;
}
return 1;
}
When i use "make hdboot" int /usr/src/releasetools, there is a linking error that say:
do_settickets.o: In function `do_settickets':
do_settickets.c:(.text+0x1a): undefined reference to `schedproc'
do_settickets.c:(.text+0x2d): undefined reference to `schedproc'
That's the header file that contains declaration for "struct schedproc"
GNU nano 2.4.2 File: schedproc.h
/* This table has one slot per process. It contains scheduling information
* for each process.
*/
#include <limits.h>
#include <minix/bitmap.h>
/* EXTERN should be extern except in main.c, where we want to keep the struct */
#ifdef _MAIN
#undef EXTERN
#define EXTERN
#endif
#ifndef CONFIG_SMP
#define CONFIG_MAX_CPUS 1
#endif
/**
* We might later want to add more information to this table, such as the
* process owner, process group or cpumask.
*/
EXTERN struct schedproc {
endpoint_t endpoint; /* process endpoint id */
endpoint_t parent; /* parent endpoint id */
unsigned flags; /* flag bits */
int ticket;
int hasTorpil;
/* User space scheduling */
unsigned max_priority; /* this process' highest allowed priority */
unsigned priority; /* the process' current priority */
unsigned time_slice; /* this process's time slice */
unsigned cpu; /* what CPU is the process running on */
bitchunk_t cpu_mask[BITMAP_CHUNKS(CONFIG_MAX_CPUS)]; /* what CPUs is the
process allowed
to run on */
} schedproc[NR_PROCS];
/* Flag values */
#define IN_USE 0x00001 /* set when 'schedproc' slot in use */
What should i do to modify schedproc array in a systemcall?
I am not really fluent in C but I have experience in Java, C#, Python, Rust etc. I am currently trying to wrap fd_set in Rust but I have absolutely no idea how to read this code.
I am only interested in this part:
typedef struct
{
/* XPG4.2 requires this member name. Otherwise avoid the name
from the global namespace. */
#ifdef __USE_XOPEN
__fd_mask fds_bits[__FD_SETSIZE / __NFDBITS];
# define __FDS_BITS(set) ((set)->fds_bits)
#else
__fd_mask __fds_bits[__FD_SETSIZE / __NFDBITS];
# define __FDS_BITS(set) ((set)->__fds_bits)
#endif
} fd_set;
So far I understood that __fd_mask is just a long int. __NFDBITS just gives me the size of a long int and multiplies it by 8.
But I have no idea what this is doing #define FD_SETSIZE __FD_SETSIZE and there for I don't know what this is doing _fd_mask __fds_bits[__FD_SETSIZE / __NFDBITS]; For me FD_SETSIZE has no value at all. And I have absolutely no idea what # define __FDS_BITS(set) ((set)->__fds_bits) is doing.
I really would like to see how this code would look in java or c# etc
Full header file:
/* `fd_set' type and related macros, and `select'/`pselect' declarations.
Copyright (C) 1996-2003, 2009, 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of the GNU C Library.
The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
Lesser General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */
/* POSIX 1003.1g: 6.2 Select from File Descriptor Sets <sys/select.h> */
#ifndef _SYS_SELECT_H
#define _SYS_SELECT_H 1
#include <features.h>
/* Get definition of needed basic types. */
#include <bits/types.h>
/* Get __FD_* definitions. */
#include <bits/select.h>
/* Get __sigset_t. */
#include <bits/sigset.h>
#ifndef __sigset_t_defined
# define __sigset_t_defined
typedef __sigset_t sigset_t;
#endif
/* Get definition of timer specification structures. */
#define __need_time_t
#define __need_timespec
#include <time.h>
#define __need_timeval
#include <bits/time.h>
#ifndef __suseconds_t_defined
typedef __suseconds_t suseconds_t;
# define __suseconds_t_defined
#endif
/* The fd_set member is required to be an array of longs. */
typedef long int __fd_mask;
/* Some versions of <linux/posix_types.h> define this macros. */
#undef __NFDBITS
/* It's easier to assume 8-bit bytes than to get CHAR_BIT. */
#define __NFDBITS (8 * (int) sizeof (__fd_mask))
#define __FD_ELT(d) ((d) / __NFDBITS)
#define __FD_MASK(d) ((__fd_mask) 1 << ((d) % __NFDBITS))
/* fd_set for select and pselect. */
typedef struct
{
/* XPG4.2 requires this member name. Otherwise avoid the name
from the global namespace. */
#ifdef __USE_XOPEN
__fd_mask fds_bits[__FD_SETSIZE / __NFDBITS];
# define __FDS_BITS(set) ((set)->fds_bits)
#else
__fd_mask __fds_bits[__FD_SETSIZE / __NFDBITS];
# define __FDS_BITS(set) ((set)->__fds_bits)
#endif
} fd_set;
/* Maximum number of file descriptors in `fd_set'. */
#define FD_SETSIZE __FD_SETSIZE
#ifdef __USE_MISC
/* Sometimes the fd_set member is assumed to have this type. */
typedef __fd_mask fd_mask;
/* Number of bits per word of `fd_set' (some code assumes this is 32). */
# define NFDBITS __NFDBITS
#endif
/* Access macros for `fd_set'. */
#define FD_SET(fd, fdsetp) __FD_SET (fd, fdsetp)
#define FD_CLR(fd, fdsetp) __FD_CLR (fd, fdsetp)
#define FD_ISSET(fd, fdsetp) __FD_ISSET (fd, fdsetp)
#define FD_ZERO(fdsetp) __FD_ZERO (fdsetp)
__BEGIN_DECLS
/* Check the first NFDS descriptors each in READFDS (if not NULL) for read
readiness, in WRITEFDS (if not NULL) for write readiness, and in EXCEPTFDS
(if not NULL) for exceptional conditions. If TIMEOUT is not NULL, time out
after waiting the interval specified therein. Returns the number of ready
descriptors, or -1 for errors.
This function is a cancellation point and therefore not marked with
__THROW. */
extern int select (int __nfds, fd_set *__restrict __readfds,
fd_set *__restrict __writefds,
fd_set *__restrict __exceptfds,
struct timeval *__restrict __timeout);
#ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K
/* Same as above only that the TIMEOUT value is given with higher
resolution and a sigmask which is been set temporarily. This version
should be used.
This function is a cancellation point and therefore not marked with
__THROW. */
extern int pselect (int __nfds, fd_set *__restrict __readfds,
fd_set *__restrict __writefds,
fd_set *__restrict __exceptfds,
const struct timespec *__restrict __timeout,
const __sigset_t *__restrict __sigmask);
#endif
/* Define some inlines helping to catch common problems. */
#if __USE_FORTIFY_LEVEL > 0 && defined __GNUC__
# include <bits/select2.h>
#endif
__END_DECLS
#endif /* sys/select.h */
fd_set is used to represent file descriptor set. For example, I need select() to work on 1024 file descriptors, but a long has only 8 bytes, so that's 64 (8 * 8) bits, so naturally fd_set should be represented as an array of long.
typedef struct
{
long fds_bits[1024 / 64];
} fd_set;
Note that this is just an example to demonstrate, but you get the idea, compare this with the real fd_set, and you'll see.
Pardon me if this sounds a question that has been asked many times but I assure you this is a little different.
I use Codeblocks for C programming and lately I have started to wonder why would someone use a header file in C. I understand it is used for declaring and/or defining variables structures. But here is something i tried and now I am confused.
I have a header file named
test1.h
#ifndef TEST1_H_INCLUDED
#define TEST1_H_INCLUDED
static int testvar = 233;
extern int one;
extern void show();
#endif // TEST1_H_INCLUDED
and two other files
headertest.c
#include"test1.h"
#include<stdio.h>
int one = 232;
int main()
{
testvar = 12;
printf("The address of one is %p and value is %d",&testvar,testvar);
printf("value of one is %d",one);
show();
return 0;
}
headertest2.c
#include "test1.h"
#include<stdio.h>
extern int one;
extern void show()
{
//extern int one;
testvar = 34;
printf("\nThe address of one is %p and value is %d",&testvar, testvar);
printf("The value of one is %d", one);
}
Now my point is that even if i comment out the declaration
extern int one;
extern void show();
from the header file test1.h I get no warning or error during compilation and execution. When I can directly access int one and void show() from headertest.c because of them having external linkage implicitly then whats the use of Header file here? Why would someone declare some variable or function as extern in a header file that can otherwise be accessed directly!!
Thank you
A header file is used so that you won't repeat yourself. In your example, you didn't need to write
extern int one;
in headertest2.c, because it would already get included in that file via the header file.
Not repeating yourself is not a small thing. Imagine you have a hundred files that use this global variable (one). Do you want to write extern int one in all of them? What if there were 20 of these variables and 50 more functions? What if you wanted to change int to uint32_t?
Surely, duplicating definitions is tedious and error-prone.
Let's take a look at stdio.h for example. Without headers, you would have to copy-paste the following code in every file that wanted to do I/O:
/* Define ISO C stdio on top of C++ iostreams.
Copyright (C) 1991, 1994-2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of the GNU C Library.
The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
Lesser General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
License along with the GNU C Library; if not, write to the Free
Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA
02111-1307 USA. */
/*
* ISO C99 Standard: 7.19 Input/output <stdio.h>
*/
#ifndef _STDIO_H
#if !defined __need_FILE && !defined __need___FILE
# define _STDIO_H 1
# include <features.h>
__BEGIN_DECLS
# define __need_size_t
# define __need_NULL
# include <stddef.h>
# include <bits/types.h>
# define __need_FILE
# define __need___FILE
#endif /* Don't need FILE. */
#if !defined __FILE_defined && defined __need_FILE
/* Define outside of namespace so the C++ is happy. */
struct _IO_FILE;
__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
/* The opaque type of streams. This is the definition used elsewhere. */
typedef struct _IO_FILE FILE;
__END_NAMESPACE_STD
#if defined __USE_LARGEFILE64 || defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_POSIX \
|| defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_ISOC99 || defined __USE_XOPEN \
|| defined __USE_POSIX2
__USING_NAMESPACE_STD(FILE)
#endif
# define __FILE_defined 1
#endif /* FILE not defined. */
#undef __need_FILE
#if !defined ____FILE_defined && defined __need___FILE
/* The opaque type of streams. This is the definition used elsewhere. */
typedef struct _IO_FILE __FILE;
# define ____FILE_defined 1
#endif /* __FILE not defined. */
#undef __need___FILE
#ifdef _STDIO_H
#define _STDIO_USES_IOSTREAM
#include <libio.h>
#if defined __USE_XOPEN || defined __USE_XOPEN2K8
# ifdef __GNUC__
# ifndef _VA_LIST_DEFINED
typedef _G_va_list va_list;
# define _VA_LIST_DEFINED
# endif
# else
# include <stdarg.h>
# endif
#endif
#ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K8
# ifndef __off_t_defined
# ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
typedef __off_t off_t;
# else
typedef __off64_t off_t;
# endif
# define __off_t_defined
# endif
# if defined __USE_LARGEFILE64 && !defined __off64_t_defined
typedef __off64_t off64_t;
# define __off64_t_defined
# endif
# ifndef __ssize_t_defined
typedef __ssize_t ssize_t;
# define __ssize_t_defined
# endif
#endif
/* The type of the second argument to `fgetpos' and `fsetpos'. */
__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
#ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
typedef _G_fpos_t fpos_t;
#else
typedef _G_fpos64_t fpos_t;
#endif
__END_NAMESPACE_STD
#ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
typedef _G_fpos64_t fpos64_t;
#endif
/* The possibilities for the third argument to `setvbuf'. */
#define _IOFBF 0 /* Fully buffered. */
#define _IOLBF 1 /* Line buffered. */
#define _IONBF 2 /* No buffering. */
/* Default buffer size. */
#ifndef BUFSIZ
# define BUFSIZ _IO_BUFSIZ
#endif
/* End of file character.
Some things throughout the library rely on this being -1. */
#ifndef EOF
# define EOF (-1)
#endif
/* The possibilities for the third argument to `fseek'.
These values should not be changed. */
#define SEEK_SET 0 /* Seek from beginning of file. */
#define SEEK_CUR 1 /* Seek from current position. */
#define SEEK_END 2 /* Seek from end of file. */
#if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN
/* Default path prefix for `tempnam' and `tmpnam'. */
# define P_tmpdir "/tmp"
#endif
/* Get the values:
L_tmpnam How long an array of chars must be to be passed to `tmpnam'.
TMP_MAX The minimum number of unique filenames generated by tmpnam
(and tempnam when it uses tmpnam's name space),
or tempnam (the two are separate).
L_ctermid How long an array to pass to `ctermid'.
L_cuserid How long an array to pass to `cuserid'.
FOPEN_MAX Minimum number of files that can be open at once.
FILENAME_MAX Maximum length of a filename. */
#include <bits/stdio_lim.h>
/* Standard streams. */
extern struct _IO_FILE *stdin; /* Standard input stream. */
extern struct _IO_FILE *stdout; /* Standard output stream. */
extern struct _IO_FILE *stderr; /* Standard error output stream. */
/* C89/C99 say they're macros. Make them happy. */
#define stdin stdin
#define stdout stdout
#define stderr stderr
__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
/* Remove file FILENAME. */
extern int remove (__const char *__filename) __THROW;
/* Rename file OLD to NEW. */
extern int rename (__const char *__old, __const char *__new) __THROW;
__END_NAMESPACE_STD
#ifdef __USE_ATFILE
/* Rename file OLD relative to OLDFD to NEW relative to NEWFD. */
extern int renameat (int __oldfd, __const char *__old, int __newfd,
__const char *__new) __THROW;
#endif
__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
/* Create a temporary file and open it read/write.
This function is a possible cancellation points and therefore not
marked with __THROW. */
#ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
extern FILE *tmpfile (void) __wur;
#else
# ifdef __REDIRECT
extern FILE *__REDIRECT (tmpfile, (void), tmpfile64) __wur;
# else
# define tmpfile tmpfile64
# endif
#endif
#ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
extern FILE *tmpfile64 (void) __wur;
#endif
/* Generate a temporary filename. */
extern char *tmpnam (char *__s) __THROW __wur;
__END_NAMESPACE_STD
#ifdef __USE_MISC
/* This is the reentrant variant of `tmpnam'. The only difference is
that it does not allow S to be NULL. */
extern char *tmpnam_r (char *__s) __THROW __wur;
#endif
#error Omitted due to post length limit
__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
#ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
/* Get STREAM's position.
This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
marked with __THROW. */
extern int fgetpos (FILE *__restrict __stream, fpos_t *__restrict __pos);
/* Set STREAM's position.
This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
marked with __THROW. */
extern int fsetpos (FILE *__stream, __const fpos_t *__pos);
#else
# ifdef __REDIRECT
extern int __REDIRECT (fgetpos, (FILE *__restrict __stream,
fpos_t *__restrict __pos), fgetpos64);
extern int __REDIRECT (fsetpos,
(FILE *__stream, __const fpos_t *__pos), fsetpos64);
# else
# define fgetpos fgetpos64
# define fsetpos fsetpos64
# endif
#endif
__END_NAMESPACE_STD
#ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
extern int fseeko64 (FILE *__stream, __off64_t __off, int __whence);
extern __off64_t ftello64 (FILE *__stream) __wur;
extern int fgetpos64 (FILE *__restrict __stream, fpos64_t *__restrict __pos);
extern int fsetpos64 (FILE *__stream, __const fpos64_t *__pos);
#endif
__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
/* Clear the error and EOF indicators for STREAM. */
extern void clearerr (FILE *__stream) __THROW;
/* Return the EOF indicator for STREAM. */
extern int feof (FILE *__stream) __THROW __wur;
/* Return the error indicator for STREAM. */
extern int ferror (FILE *__stream) __THROW __wur;
__END_NAMESPACE_STD
#ifdef __USE_MISC
/* Faster versions when locking is not required. */
extern void clearerr_unlocked (FILE *__stream) __THROW;
extern int feof_unlocked (FILE *__stream) __THROW __wur;
extern int ferror_unlocked (FILE *__stream) __THROW __wur;
#endif
__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
/* Print a message describing the meaning of the value of errno.
This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
marked with __THROW. */
extern void perror (__const char *__s);
__END_NAMESPACE_STD
/* Provide the declarations for `sys_errlist' and `sys_nerr' if they
are available on this system. Even if available, these variables
should not be used directly. The `strerror' function provides
all the necessary functionality. */
#include <bits/sys_errlist.h>
#ifdef __USE_POSIX
/* Return the system file descriptor for STREAM. */
extern int fileno (FILE *__stream) __THROW __wur;
#endif /* Use POSIX. */
#ifdef __USE_MISC
/* Faster version when locking is not required. */
extern int fileno_unlocked (FILE *__stream) __THROW __wur;
#endif
#if (defined __USE_POSIX2 || defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_BSD || \
defined __USE_MISC)
/* Create a new stream connected to a pipe running the given command.
This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
marked with __THROW. */
extern FILE *popen (__const char *__command, __const char *__modes) __wur;
/* Close a stream opened by popen and return the status of its child.
This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
marked with __THROW. */
extern int pclose (FILE *__stream);
#endif
#ifdef __USE_POSIX
/* Return the name of the controlling terminal. */
extern char *ctermid (char *__s) __THROW;
#endif /* Use POSIX. */
#ifdef __USE_XOPEN
/* Return the name of the current user. */
extern char *cuserid (char *__s);
#endif /* Use X/Open, but not issue 6. */
#ifdef __USE_GNU
struct obstack; /* See <obstack.h>. */
/* Write formatted output to an obstack. */
extern int obstack_printf (struct obstack *__restrict __obstack,
__const char *__restrict __format, ...)
__THROW __attribute__ ((__format__ (__printf__, 2, 3)));
extern int obstack_vprintf (struct obstack *__restrict __obstack,
__const char *__restrict __format,
_G_va_list __args)
__THROW __attribute__ ((__format__ (__printf__, 2, 0)));
#endif /* Use GNU. */
#if defined __USE_POSIX || defined __USE_MISC
/* These are defined in POSIX.1:1996. */
/* Acquire ownership of STREAM. */
extern void flockfile (FILE *__stream) __THROW;
/* Try to acquire ownership of STREAM but do not block if it is not
possible. */
extern int ftrylockfile (FILE *__stream) __THROW __wur;
/* Relinquish the ownership granted for STREAM. */
extern void funlockfile (FILE *__stream) __THROW;
#endif /* POSIX || misc */
#if defined __USE_XOPEN && !defined __USE_XOPEN2K && !defined __USE_GNU
/* The X/Open standard requires some functions and variables to be
declared here which do not belong into this header. But we have to
follow. In GNU mode we don't do this nonsense. */
# define __need_getopt
# include <getopt.h>
#endif /* X/Open, but not issue 6 and not for GNU. */
/* If we are compiling with optimizing read this file. It contains
several optimizing inline functions and macros. */
#ifdef __USE_EXTERN_INLINES
# include <bits/stdio.h>
#endif
#if __USE_FORTIFY_LEVEL > 0 && defined __extern_always_inline
# include <bits/stdio2.h>
#endif
#ifdef __LDBL_COMPAT
# include <bits/stdio-ldbl.h>
#endif
__END_DECLS
#endif /* <stdio.h> included. */
#endif /* !_STDIO_H */
That, is why we have header files.
Providing function declarations in a header will at least protect you from stupid errors like passing arguments of incompatible types.
Moreover, headers are used not only for function declarations. What's about struct/enum definitions, global typedefs, macros, inline functions, etc?
Finally, header can be considered as an external API for your module. One can briefly take a look at a header to understand how to use it without dealing with an implementation (which sometimes is not available at all).
C header files are a way to share global pointers, macros (#define ...), common structure types declared as uninstatated structures or typedefs. One of the biggest uses of a header file is to share function declarations across C modules, as well.