I haven't found any reason for the existence of a few of the App Engine classes. There's a PhoneNumber, a Link, a PostalAddress, a GeoPt, a Rating, etc. Why are these given special treatment? They don't seem to have any smarts - e.g. geo searching. I know Link has more space than a String property, but the rest?
See:
http://code.google.com/appengine/docs/java/datastore/dataclasses.html
Those types are 'semantic' types. They're present in the Java API for parity with the Python API. In the Python API, they define special behaviour with regards to the .to_xml() method - for example, a PhoneNumberProperty serializes like this:
<property name="foo" type="gd:phonenumber"><gd:phoneNumber>12345-678</gd:phoneNumber></property>
I think they're mostly just there to cover common cases and save developers time. If a lot of apps use a phone number field, why require each developer to have to write them? A developer can still write their own if they need/want to.
Not sure about java, but in python the following model/code (tested on dev server) will throw BadValueError, with the message "Invalid URL: stackoverflow.com"
class foo(db.model):
link = db.LinkProperty()
bar = foo()
bar.link = 'stackoverflow.com'
While:
bar.link = 'http://stackoverflow.com'
Works fine.
I haven't tested, but the other properties may or may not also do validation.
Basically using this types in your models allows to add indirect meta data to your code. This may be useful if you are working with any kind of universal renderer for your model classes or if you are performing validation of user input on your models.
For example if you are using PhoneNumber type for a field named userNumber you reflection based renderer may understand that it should automatically assign corresponding validator to text field which will represent it.
Regards,
Pavel.
Related
My company is using Wagtail to build robust pages for our website, likely using the StreamField component. We're wondering if Wagtail allows the possibility of us creating reusable parts (perhaps in a snippet), and injecting them into a page.
I'm including a simple diagram of what I'd like to do. Note that while snippets are one possible suggestion, it doesn't need to the specific solution.
The goal of course is to create an element which can be embedded in another page, but can be updated in a single place and cascade everywhere it's used.
Wordpress for example, has a plugin which offers this functionality in short code format:
[embed id=123456]
You can create new block for stream field, let's say MySnippetBlock and then use SnippetChooserBlock to choose the snippet you want.
MySnippetBlock(StructBlock):
title = CharBlock()
snippet = SnippetChooserBlock()
Then in your StreamBlock field you can use above custom block:
MyPage(Page):
stream_field_content = StreamField([('snippet_block', MySnippetBlock())])
...
Or you can use SnippetChooserBlock directly within StreamField if there is no need for additional info attached to it.
stream_field_content = StreamField([('snippet_block', SnippetChooserBlock())])
I am looking for something very simple. It can use the Selenium IDE recording tool, but it does not allow me to pick what kind of locators I get.
I want to use:
driver.findElement(By.className(str))
to locate things. All I need is something which watches which UI elements on a web page get clicked and writes out the class attributes of those tags.
If I use the Selenium IDE recording (and export to the right type of thing), I get:
#Test
public void testNav() throws Exception {
driver.get(baseUrl + "/");
driver.findElement(By.name("3.1.1.5.1.1")).clear();
driver.findElement(By.name("3.1.1.5.1.1")).sendKeys("dan");
driver.findElement(By.name("3.1.1.5.1.5")).click();
driver.findElement(By.linkText("Products")).click();
driver.findElement(By.linkText("Categories")).click();
driver.findElement(By.linkText("Create a Category")).click();
driver.findElement(By.linkText("Cancel")).click();
driver.findElement(By.linkText("Products")).click();
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("a.DisplayAdminProductsLink")).click();
driver.findElement(By.linkText("Product1")).click();
There are problems with this. First, it is not give me any By.className() calls. Why? Those first 3 calls will not help me. The framework I am using puts arbitrary things into the name. How can I get it to see the class attribute?
There actually are unique words in the class attribute of all of the above tags. I design my apps so that this is so. Yet it will not use them.
Earlier I asked:
Why is it doing a "driver.findElement().click()"? This is fragile and does not
end up working.
What I need is:
elt = driver.waitFor(By.className("c")); elt.click();
This will work reproducibly.....
I am considering to be removed from the question, as the findElement() code does work. You need to set a general time-out on the driver. It is not very obvious that this can be done, but it can.
So, continuing on....
I can go to the "Options" and change the order of the "Locator Builders" in eclipse. I can put "css" at the top. Then I get:
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[name=\"3.1.1.5.1.1\"]")).clear();
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[name=\"3.1.1.5.1.1\"]")).sendKeys("dan");
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[name=\"3.1.1.5.1.5\"]")).click();
The tags are like:
<input class="form-control LoginUsernameField" ... />
But it does not see the class attribute.... Or I can do this manually.
Selenium looks for a unique identifier to identify elements in a webpage. classNames are a very less desired option for this purpose as they are generally not unique. Ids and names on the other hand are generally unique. This might be the reason why Selenium IDE is not selecting classNames and going for other identifiers.
Selenium IDE records user actions. You would have clicked on the element for Selenium IDE to identify it and that is why you are getting driver.findElement().click().
If you want to wait for element to wait you can try implicit wait.
When you want to use driver.findElement(By.className(str)), are you sure that there is one and only one element in the webpage that is associated with a className? If that is the case you can modify the webdriver code manually to use className.
I am creating a website using CakePHP that requires translation not only into multiple languages but also multiple phrases per language depending on the type of the logged in user. This will allow the same functionality but with more formal or more friendly language without duplication.
As a very simple example:
Type 1: "Customer", "purchase","shopping cart"
Type 2: "Client", "buy", "basket"
Type 3: "User", "order","invoice"
Each of these types would be available in multiple languages.
I've got the standard localization working in CakePHP (one of the reasons I chose it!) and have the appropriate default.po files in the /Locale/[lang]/LC_MESSAGES/ directory and all is working fine there (thank you to the user who noted on this site that ger needed to be deu to work ;) ).
Before I get too far into the app I'd like to add the phrasing so I can set e.g. the language as French and phrasing as type2. If I was doing this outside of a framework I'd have a matrix look-up to find the correct string based on language and phrase keys but am unsure of how to do this within CakePHP's localization.
Currently I'm using the standard __([string]) convention but as this is early in the development cycle it would be trivial to change if necessary.
I was considering using __d([phrase],[string]) but can't see how to set this without creating my app as a plugin and then I'm back to the same problem with /Locale/
I have been unable to find any example of this in my searches on SO or the cakePHP community sites so would be grateful for any suggestions.
Is there a standard way to do this within cakePHP? if not, what would be a good "best practice" way to implement this?
Edit - following the answer below here's how it was implemented:
in /app/Locale/[lang]/LC_MESSAGES/ I created a new .po files with the new phrasing in them as phrase1.po, phrase2.po etc.
Where I set the language I also set the phrasing where the phrase file matches the name of the po file:
Configure::write('Config.language', 'deu');
Configure::write('App.langDomain', 'phrase1');
and all strings were wrapped with:
__d(Configure::read('App.langDomain', 'string')
And it just works.
Use __d() like this:
__d(Configure::read('App.langDomain'), 'Some string');
In bootstrap.php check the conditions and set App.langDomain based on whatever you need.
__d() has nothing to do with plugins, you can use it everywhere.
And alternative would be to wrap your translations with a custom method, something like
__dd(Configure::read('App.langDomain'), array('foo' => __('String1', 'bar' => __('String2'));
The array is an array of langDomain => stringForThatDomain mappings. Your __dd() method would take the one that is passed in the first argument.
I am developing an application in cakephp 2.3.4, Which is multi-language.
Admin can add any number of new languages.
My question is, When admin decides to add a new language, how resulting locale name should be defined.
Can a locale name be any arbitrary name, given by admin or it should be a dropdown containg all languages code according to language.
Unfortunately, your question is a bit 'vague', i.e., will administrators be able to add GNU-locale files (*.po), or are you talking about adding translations inside the database.
In any case, CakePHP uses locales according to the ISO 639-3 standard see here and here for more information. A complete list of those locales can be found inside the I10n class.
Since you probably also want to switch the locale of PHP itself when switching locales, so that, for example, date, money and time-formats will follow the right format for the locale, it's best to stick with those locales and not 'invent' your own locales.
See setlocale(). Be aware though, that PHP may use slightly different locale-codes than CakePHP uses. And it will depend on what locales are installed on your server.
To get a list of locales installed on your server, use locale -a on the command line. See this page for more information: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Locale
Which techniques to use for localization
A quick summary of techniques to use;
Short messages (interface/UI)
In general, locale files are used for short pieces of text. Locale-files are therefore mostly used for fixed strings,
for example, strings that are used in the interface (like 'are you sure you want to delete this file?' => 'weet u zeker dat u dit bestand wilt verwijderen?).
Longer (fixed) text
For longer pieces of text in your application, that are not part of the 'content' (not the blog-post, but for example a fixed page with a disclaimer),
it's best to use separate views for translated content, for example;
app/Views/MyController/disclaimer_eng.ctp
app/Views/MyController/disclaimer_deu.ctp
app/Views/MyController/disclaimer_fre.ctp
Content
For the content of your website (the part of your website that is managed by the 'user' of the website),
put translations inside the database. This data may be updated frequently and all translations should be updated as well.
How to implement this, is really up to you and depends on your situation. CakePHP offers a Translate behavior that you can use (http://book.cakephp.org/2.0/en/core-libraries/behaviors/translate.html), but in most of my situations that behavior didn't really fit our needs (IMO it is not very efficient, because it stores translations per-field, per-model).
A friend of mine is now building a web application with J2EE and Struts, and it's going to be prepared to display pages in several languages.
I was told that the best way to support a multi-language site is to use a properties file where you store all the strings of your pages, something like:
welcome.english = "Welcome!"
welcome.spanish = "¡Bienvenido!"
...
This solution is ok, but what happens if your site displays news or something like that (a blog)? I mean, content that is not static, that is updated often... The people that keep the site have to write every new entry in each supported language, and store each version of the entry in the database. The application loads only the entries in the user's chosen language.
How do you design the database to support this kind of implementation?
Thanks.
Warning: I'm not a java hacker, so YMMV but...
The problem with using a list of "properties" is that you need a lot of discipline. Every time you add a string that should be output to the user you will need to open your properties file, look to see if that string (or something roughly equivalent to it) is already in the file, and then go and add the new property if it isn't. On top of this, you'd have to hope the properties file was fairly human readable / editable if you wanted to give it to an external translation team to deal with.
The database based approach is useful for all your database based content. Ideally you want to make it easy to tie pieces of content together with their translations. It only really falls down for all the places you may want to output something that isn't out of a database (error messages etc.).
One fairly old technology which we find still works really well, is to use gettext. Gettext or some variant seems to be available for most languages and platforms. The basic premise is that you wrap your output in a special function call like so:
echo _("Please do not press this button again");
Then running the gettext tools over your source code will extract all the instances wrapped like that into a "po" file. This will contain entries such as:
#: myfolder/my.source:239
msgid "Please do not press this button again"
msgstr ""
And you can add your translation to the appropriate place:
#: myfolder/my.source:239
msgid "Please do not press this button again"
msgstr "s’il vous plaît ne pas appuyer sur le bouton ci-dessous à nouveau"
Subsequent runs of the gettext tools simply update your po files. You don't even need to extract the po file from your source. If you know you may want to translate your site down the line, then you can just use the format shown above (the underscored function) with all your output. If you don't provide a po file it will just return whatever you put in the quotes. gettext is designed to work with locales so the users locale is used to retrieve the appropriate po file. This makes it really easy to add new translations.
Gettext Pros
Doesn't get in your way while coding
Very easy to add translations
PO files can be compiled down for speed
There are libraries available for most languages / platforms
There are good cross platform tools for dealing with translations. It is actually possible to get your translation team set up with a tool such as poEdit to make it very easy for them to manage translation projects
Gettext Cons
Solves your site "furniture" needs, but you would usually still want a database based approach for your database driven content
For more info on gettext see this wikipedia page
They way I have designed the database before is to have an News-table containing basic info like NewsID (int), NewsPubDate (datetime), NewsAuthor (varchar/int) and then have a linked table NewsText that has these columns: NewsID(int), NewsText(text), NewsLanguageID(int). And at last you have a Language-table that has LanguageID(int) and LanguageName(varchar).
Then, when you want to show your users the news-page you do:
SELECT NewsText FROM News INNER JOIN NewsText ON News.NewsID = NewsText.NewsID
WHERE NewsText.NewsLanguageID = <<Session["UserLanguageID"]>>
That Session-bit is a local variable where you store the users language when they log in or enters the site for the first time.
Java web applications support internationalization using the java standard tag library.
You've really got 2 problems. Static content and dynamic content.
for static content you can use jstl. It uses java ResourceBundles to accomplish this. I managed to get a Databased backed bundle working with the help of this site.
The second problem is dynamic content.
To solve this problem you'll need to store the data so that you can retrieve different translations based on the user's Locale. (Locale includes Country and Language).
It's not trivial, but it is something you can do with a little planning up front.
#Auron
thats what we apply it to. Our apps are all PHP, but gettext has a long heritage.
Looks like there is a good Java implementation
Tag libraries are fine if you're using JSP, but you can also achieve I18N using a template-based technology such as FreeMarker.