My Goal: I have a simple c program that should overwrite the default SIGTSTP handler with my own, and send a SIGTSTP only to the child process.
My Issue: The kill call within the SIGTSTP handler stops the parent process, and exits my program (not just the child). What am I doing wrong?
Edit: This problem seems to only happen when I compile and run my code using the following make command: gcc -o program *.c -lreadline && ./program. It seems (the make process?) is terminated because my output contains the following line upon ctrl-z:
gcc -o sandbox *.c -lreadline && ./sandbox
Is there a way to both get my program to have the desired functionality and use make?
My Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <readline/readline.h>
int child;
void handler();
static void SIGTSTP_Handler()
{
if (child != 0) {
kill(child, SIGTSTP);
}
}
int main(void)
{
signal(SIGTSTP, SIGTSTP_Handler);
child = fork();
if (child == 0) {
setpgid(0, getpid());
printf("CHILD's PID ::: [ %d ]\n", getpid());
printf("CHILD's GROUP ::: %d\n", getpgrp());
execlp("sleep", "sleep", "30", NULL);
}
else {
setpgid(child, child);
int status;
printf("CHILD's PID (From Parent Perspective) ::: [ %d ]\n", child);
printf("PARENT's PID ::: %d\n", getpid());
printf("PARENT's GROUP ::: %d\n", getpgrp());
waitpid(child, &status, WUNTRACED | WCONTINUED);
}
while (1);
}
The issue was caused because the make command that I started my program using was terminated by ctrl-z. To fix the problem you can either:
OLD Problematic Make Command:
gcc -o program *.c && ./program
Potential Solutions:
(1) Remove the && ./program line from the make command
(2) Compile and run your program without using make
I am unsure if there is anyway to still use start the program using make if you are hoping to keep your main program running in the case of a SIGTSTP signal
Related
Think of this as a continuation of the good advice here:
https://stackoverflow.com/a/56780616/16739703
except that I am hoping not to modify the child process.
Edit: I have written code which minimises to:
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[], char *envp[]) {
int init_flags=fcntl(0, F_GETFL, 0);
if (fcntl(0, F_SETFL, init_flags | O_ASYNC)) {
perror("fcntl...F_SET_FL....O_ASYNC");
exit(1);
}
if (fcntl(0, F_SETOWN, getpid())) {
perror("fcntl...F_SETOWN...)");
exit(1);
}
if (execve(argv[1], argv+1, envp)) {
perror("execve");
exit(1);
}
return 1;
}
and this makefile:
all: morehup
CFLAGS=-g -D_GNU_SOURCE
LDFLAGS=-g
so that, with this procedure:
parent> export TMPDIR="$(mktemp -d)"
parent> mkfifo $TMPDIR/fifo
parent> sh
# you get a new shell, probably with a different prompt
parent> exec 7<>$TMPDIR/fifo
# must be both input and output, or the process stalls
child> TMPDIR=... # as other shell
child> ./morehup <$TMPDIR/fifo /bin/sh -c "while true; do date; sleep 5; done"
# you get a list of dates
parent> exit
child> I/O possible # followed by a prompt, with no more dates
the kernel will kill the child when the parent exits.
The more configurable version is here:
https://github.com/JamesC1/morehup/blob/main/morehup.c
I have two questions:
What are the chances of adding modest amounts of code, so that this will mostly work for most of the common *nix?
Is there a posix utility that already does something like this? ie am I reinventing the wheel, and if so, what is it called?
Is it possible to generate a mini core dump for debugging purpose without crashing the process. Let's say if a function receives an unexpected value, just printing logs and returning gracefully might not be sufficient to debug the issue. On the other hand, if i can get a screenshot of memory and look at the stack, i could find more useful information to debug.
Yes,
According to gdb's documentation, once attached with gdb you may issue the following command:
(gdb) gcore
(gdb) q
This will dump the core to "core.pid" without crashing the process.
or this one-liner:
sudo sh -c 'echo gcore <output_core> | gdb -p <pid>'
There is not building function to do that, you could use ptrace() to debug your own process but it would not be easy. Call gcore is the easiest method.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
int main(void) {
pid_t parent = getpid();
pid_t pid = fork();
if (pid < 0) {
// oh dear we are on trouble
} else if (pid == 0) {
char tmp[42];
snprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "%" PRIdMAX, (intmax_t)parent);
execvp("gcore", (char *[]){"gcore", tmp, NULL});
} else {
int wstatus;
waitpid(pid, &wstatus, 0);
}
}
I want to execute a C program in Linux using fork and exec system calls.
I have written a program msg.c and it's working fine. Then I wrote a program msg1.c.
When I do ./a.out msg.c, it's just printing msg.c as output but not executing my program.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h> /* for fork */
#include <sys/types.h> /* for pid_t */
#include <sys/wait.h> /* for wait */
int main(int argc,char** argv)
{
/*Spawn a child to run the program.*/
pid_t pid=fork();
if (pid==0)
{ /* child process */
// static char *argv[]={"echo","Foo is my name.",NULL};
execv("/bin/echo",argv);
exit(127); /* only if execv fails */
}
else
{ /* pid!=0; parent process */
waitpid(pid,0,0); /* wait for child to exit */
}
return 0;
}
argv[0] contains your program's name and you are Echo'ing it.
Works flawlessly ;-)
/bin/echo msg.c will print msg.c as output if you need to execute your msg binary then you need to change your code to execv("path/msg");
your exec executes the program echo which prints out whatever argv's value is;
furthermore you cannot "execute" msg.c if it is a sourcefile, you have to compile (gcc msg.c -o msg) it first, and then call something like exec("msg")
C programs are not executables (unless you use an uncommon C interpreter).
You need to compile them first with a compiler like GCC, so compile your msg.c source file into a msg-prog executable (using -Wall to get all warnings and -g to get debugging info from the gcc compiler) with:
gcc -Wall -g msg.c -o msg-prog
Take care to improve the msg.c till you get no warnings.
Then, you might want to replace your execv in your source code with something more sensible. Read execve(2) and execl(3) and perror(3). Consider using
execl ("./msg-prog", "msg-prog", "Foo is my name", NULL);
perror ("execl failed");
exit (127);
Read Advanced Linux Programming.
NB: You might name your executable just msg instead of msg-prog ....
I was working on my project when I needed to use "curl" to obtain some data from www. Now firstly I tried direct system() function but it didn't worked, strangely everytime it corrupted the whole source code file while compiling with gcc. Luckily I was testing it separately.
Then I tested execl() function, this code compiles OK and gcc gives me a .exe file to run, but nothing happens when I run it,blank windows appears. CODE:
int main(){
execl("curl","curl","http://livechat.rediff.com/sports/score/score.txt",">blahblah.txt",NULL);
getch();
return 0;
}
Includes are not shown properly but I have included stdio,conio,stdlib and unistd.h.
How can I get output of program to store in text file? Also running the above command creates and stores text file in My Documents, I want it to be in local directory from where I run the program. How can I do that?
You need to provide the path of curl, and you cannot use redirection because the application will not be executed through bash. Instead use the -o flag and specify the filename. Also, execl does not return when successful:
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(){
execl("/usr/bin/curl",
"curl","http://livechat.rediff.com/sports/score/score.txt",
"-oblahblah.txt",NULL
);
printf("error\n");
return 0;
}
If you want your code to return, you should fork a child process to run the command. This way you can check the return code.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define CURL "/usr/bin/curl"
int main()
{
pid_t pid;
int status;
pid = fork();
if (pid == 0)
{
execl(CURL, CURL, arg1, NULL);
}
else if (pid < 0)
{
printf("Fork failed\n");
exit (1);
}
else
{
if (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) != pid)
status = -1;
}
return status;
}
arg1 is whatever argument you want to use with curl or if you aren't using any than you obviously can omit it.
I can compile this program which was provided to me, but that I must further develop. I have some questions about it:
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#define TIMEOUT (20)
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
pid_t pid;
if(argc > 1 && strncmp(argv[1], "-help", strlen(argv[1])) == 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: RunSafe Prog [CommandLineArgs]\n\nRunSafe takes as arguments:\nthe program to be run (Prog) and its command line arguments (CommandLineArgs) (if any)\n\nRunSafe will execute Prog with its command line arguments and\nterminate it and any remaining childprocesses after %d seconds\n", TIMEOUT);
exit(0);
}
if((pid = fork()) == 0) /* Fork off child */
{
execvp(argv[1], argv+1);
fprintf(stderr,"RunSafe failed to execute: %s\n",argv[1]);
perror("Reason");
kill(getppid(),SIGKILL); /* kill waiting parent */
exit(errno); /* execvp failed, no child - exit immediately */
}
else if(pid != -1)
{
sleep(TIMEOUT);
if(kill(0,0) == 0) /* are there processes left? */
{
fprintf(stderr,"\nRunSafe: Attempting to kill remaining (child) processes\n");
kill(0, SIGKILL); /* send SIGKILL to all child processes */
}
}
else
{
fprintf(stderr,"RunSafe failed to fork off child process\n");
perror("Reason");
}
}
What does my warning mean when I compile it?
$ gcc -o RunSafe RunSafe.c -lm
RunSafe.c: In function ‘main’:
RunSafe.c:30:44: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘strlen’ [enabled by default]
Why can't I execute the file?
$ file RunSafe
RunSafe: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.24, BuildID[sha1]=0x0a128c8d71e16bfde4dbc316bdc329e4860a195f, not stripped
ubuntu#ubuntu:/media/Lexar$ sudo chmod 777 RunSafe
ubuntu#ubuntu:/media/Lexar$ ./RunSafe
bash: ./RunSafe: Permission denied
ubuntu#ubuntu:/media/Lexar$ sudo ./RunSafe
sudo: ./RunSafe: command not found
First, you need to #include <string.h> to get rid of that warning.
Second, the OS is probably preventing you from executing programs on the /media/Lexar filesystem, no matter what their permission bits are. If you type mount you'll probably see the noexec option for /media/Lexar.
warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘strlen’ [enabled by default]
You need to include #include<string.h> because strlen() is declared in it.
Try running the exe on some other location in your filesystem and not the mounted partition as the error indicates for some reason you don't have permissions on that mounted partition.