Split columns from single table and join as multiple columns on another - sql-server

Question

I want to split a column in 1 table into multiple columns in another table
Let's say I want to join the FoodAttributeTable to the FoodTable:
FoodTable
+------------+-------+
| Food | Price |
+------------+-------+
| Strawberry | 10 |
| Broccoli | 25 |
+------------+-------+
FoodAttributeTable
+------------+---------------+----------------+
| Food | AttributeName | AttributeValue |
+------------+---------------+----------------+
| Strawberry | Vitamin | C |
| Strawberry | Weight | 15g |
| Strawberry | Color | Red |
| Broccoli | Vitamin | B |
| Broccoli | Weight | 70g |
| Broccoli | Color | Green |
+------------+---------------+----------------+
Table to be:
FoodTable
+------------+-------+---------+--------+-------+
| Food | Price | Vitamin | Weight | Color |
+------------+-------+---------+--------+-------+
| Strawberry | 10 | C | 15g | Red |
| Broccoli | 25 | B | 70g | Green |
+------------+-------+---------+--------+-------+

Answer 1

you can use a simple PIVOT query like below.
Check out official MSDN documentation on PIVOT.
select
Food,Price,Vitamin,Weight,Color
from
(
select f.Food,f.Price,
AttributeName ,AttributeValue
from
FoodTable f join
FoodAttributeTable fat on
f.Food=fat.Food
)s
pivot
(max(AttributeValue) for AttributeName in (Vitamin,Weight,Color))
p
Also here's a live demo

Answer 2

This is a Dynamic Pivot Query. Therefore, I would only recommend this if your FoodAttributeTable attributes are dynamics.
Create Tables and Insert Data
CREATE TABLE FoodAttributeTable(
Food nvarchar(50) NULL,
AttributeName nvarchar(50) NULL,
AttributeValue nvarchar(50) NULL
)
INSERT FoodAttributeTable (Food, AttributeName, AttributeValue) VALUES (N'Strawberry', N'Vitamin', N'C')
INSERT FoodAttributeTable (Food, AttributeName, AttributeValue) VALUES (N'Strawberry', N'Weight', N'15g')
INSERT FoodAttributeTable (Food, AttributeName, AttributeValue) VALUES (N'Strawberry', N'Color', N'Red')
INSERT FoodAttributeTable (Food, AttributeName, AttributeValue) VALUES (N'Broccoli', N'Vitamin', N'B')
INSERT FoodAttributeTable (Food, AttributeName, AttributeValue) VALUES (N'Broccoli', N'Weight', N'70g')
INSERT FoodAttributeTable (Food, AttributeName, AttributeValue) VALUES (N'Broccoli', N'Color', N'Green')
CREATE TABLE FoodTable(
Food nvarchar(50) NULL,
Price decimal(18, 0) NULL
)
INSERT FoodTable (Food, Price) VALUES (N'Strawberry', N'10')
INSERT FoodTable (Food, Price) VALUES (N'Broccoli', N'25')
Query
DECLARE #colsValues AS NVARCHAR(max) = Stuff((SELECT DISTINCT ',' + Quotename(fat.attributename)
FROM foodattributetable fat
FOR xml path(''), type).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)'), 1, 1, '');
DECLARE #query AS NVARCHAR(max) = 'SELECT *
FROM (SELECT *
FROM foodattributetable
PIVOT(Max(attributevalue)
FOR attributename IN ('+ #colsValues +')) piv) fat
INNER JOIN foodtable tb
ON tb.food = fat.food';
EXECUTE(#query)
Output
+------------+-------+---------+--------+------------+-------+
| Food | Color | Vitamin | Weight | Food | Price |
+------------+-------+---------+--------+------------+-------+
| Broccoli | Green | B | 70g | Broccoli | 25 |
| Strawberry | Red | C | 15g | Strawberry | 10 |
+------------+-------+---------+--------+------------+-------+
Demo: http://rextester.com/ATZF46215