I installed fftw3.3.6 on my Ubuntu 16.04 to test the performance of using this library with thread and float enabled.
Step 1 :
Installed the library with thread and float and SIMD instructions enabled:`
sudo ./configure --enable-float --enable-generic-simd128 --enable-generic-simd256 --enable-threads
make
make install
Step 2 :
I wrote this code (basing on the manual and tutorial) to compute an fft of 1024 points using 4 threads (complex to complex):
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fftw3.h>
#include "input.h"
#define NUMBER_OF_ELEMENTS 1024
#define NUM_THREADS 4
void Load_inputs(fftwf_complex* data)
{
int i;
for(i=0;i<NUMBER_OF_ELEMENTS;i++)
{
data[i][0] = input_data[2 * i];
data[i][1] = input_data[2 * i + 1];
}
}
int main()
{
fftwf_complex array[NUMBER_OF_ELEMENTS];
fftwf_plan p;
int i;
fftwf_init_threads();
fftwf_plan_with_nthreads(NUM_THREADS);
p = fftwf_plan_dft(1,NUMBER_OF_ELEMENTS,array,array,FFTW_FORWARD,FFTW_EXHAUSTIVE);
Load_inputs(array); //function to load input data from input.h file to array[]
fftwf_execute(p);
FILE* res = NULL;
res = fopen("result.txt", "w");
for ( i = 0; i <1024; i++ )
{
fprintf(res,"RE = %f \t IM = %f\n",array[i][0], array[i][1] );
}
fclose(res);
fftwf_destroy_plan(p);
fftwf_cleanup_threads();
}
And then, I compiled this program with this makefile.
CC=gcc
CFLAGS=-g3 -c -Wall -O0 -mavx -mfma -ffast-math
SOURCES=$ test.c
OBJECTS=$(SOURCES:.c=.o)
EXECUTABLE=test
all: $(TASKMAP) $(SOURCES) $(EXECUTABLE)
$(EXECUTABLE): $(OBJECTS)
$(CC) $(OBJECTS) -o $# -L -lfftw3f_threads -lfftw3f
.c.o:
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $< -lm -o $#
clean:
rm -fr $(OBJECTS) $(EXECUTABLE)
Compilation errors :
After compilation I've got these errors:
gcc test.o -o test -L -lfftw3f_threads -lfftw3f
//usr/local/lib/libfftw3f.a(mapflags.o): In function `fftwf_mapflags':
mapflags.c:(.text+0x346): undefined reference to `__log_finite'
Makefile:13: recipe for target 'test' failed
//usr/local/lib/libfftw3f.a(trig.o): In function `cexpl_sincos':
trig.c:(.text+0x2c1): undefined reference to `sincos'
//usr/local/lib/libfftw3f.a(trig.o): In function `fftwf_mktriggen':
trig.c:(.text+0x50b): undefined reference to `sincos'
trig.c:(.text+0x653): undefined reference to `sincos'
test.o: In function `main':
/home/anouar/workspace/Thread_example//test.c:27: undefined reference to `fftwf_init_threads'
/home/anouar/workspace/Thread_example//test.c:28: undefined reference to `fftwf_plan_with_nthreads'
/home/anouar/workspace/Thread_example//test.c:40: undefined reference to `fftwf_cleanup_threads'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [test] Error 1
Is there something missing, or something wrong that I have did during installation and compilation?
Read the fine manual. From the sincos() man page:
Link with -lm.
Using -lm in the compile phase of your program is useless:
.c.o:
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $< -lm -o $#
-lm needs to be in the link stage:
$(EXECUTABLE): $(OBJECTS)
$(CC) $(OBJECTS) -o $# -L -lfftw3f_threads -lfftw3f -lm
In my case, the problems with
undefined reference to `__log_finite'
could be solved by compiling without the -ffast-math option.
Related
I have created a new makefile
CC = /usr/bin/gcc
MQM_HOME = /opt/mqm
CFLAGS = -g -Wall \
-I$(MQM_HOME)/inc \
-I/usr/include
#IBM_LIBPATH=-L/usr/vacpp/lib
IBM_LIBS= -liconv
MQ_LIBPATH=-L$(MQM_HOME)/lib64
MQLIB = $(MQ_LIBPATH) -lmqm -lmqmcs -lmqmzse
LIBS = $(IBM_LIBS) $(MQLIB) -lpthreads
#LDFLAGS = -q64 $(IBM_LIBPATH) $(MQ_LIBPATH)
SOURCE=/home/avalanche/oleg
default: ctm_mq_con_ex
ctm_mq_con_ex: ctm_mq_con_ex.o
# Compilation rules
EXE = $(SOURCE)/ctm_mq_con_ex
MAIN = $(SOURCE)/ctm_mq_con_ex.c
OBJS = $(SOURCE)/ctm_mq_con_ex.o
.c.o:
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $(MAIN)
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $(EXE) $(OBJS)
clean:
\rm -f $(OBJS)
\rm -f $(EXE)
Now it shows errors
make -f ./ctm_mq_con_ex.mk
/usr/bin/gcc -g -Wall -I/opt/mqm/inc -I/usr/include -c /home/avalanche/oleg/ctm_mq
/usr/bin/gcc -g -Wall -I/opt/mqm/inc -I/usr/include -o /home/avalanche/oleg/ctm_mq
/home/avalanche/oleg/ctm_mq_con_ex.o: In function `main':
/home/avalanche/oleg/ctm_mq_con_ex.c:67: undefined reference to `MQCONNX'
/home/avalanche/oleg/ctm_mq_con_ex.c:86: undefined reference to `MQOPEN'
/home/avalanche/oleg/ctm_mq_con_ex.c:114: undefined reference to `MQINQ'
/home/avalanche/oleg/ctm_mq_con_ex.c:142: undefined reference to `MQCLOSE'
/home/avalanche/oleg/ctm_mq_con_ex.c:163: undefined reference to `MQDISC'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
But in my C program I put header files
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <string.h>
/* includes for WebSphere MQ */
#include <cmqc.h> /* For regular MQI definitions */
#include <cmqxc.h> /* For MQCD definition */
Did I miss something?
I have a directory called reliability:
ls reliability
analyze.c appl.sh constr.c creer.c greedys.c Makefile
Now I want to install and compile it:
First of all the content of Makefile is:
CC = gcc
CFLAGS = -g -Wall -pthread
SRCS = constr.c creer.c analyze.c greedys.c
PROG = constr creer analyze greedys
all: $(PROG)
constr: constr.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o constr constr.c
creer: creer.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o creer creer.c
analyze: analyze.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o analyze analyze.c
greedys: greedys.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o greedys greedys.c
clean:
rm -f $(PROG)
When I start compiling it:
make -f Makefile
The error occurs:
gcc -g -Wall -pthread -o constr constr.c
/tmp/cca4NKQl.o: In function `main':
/home/t1/Desktop/reliability/constr.c:89: undefined reference to `exp'
/home/t1/Desktop/reliability/constr.c:89: undefined reference to `exp'
/home/t1/Desktop/reliability/constr.c:89: undefined reference to `pow'
/home/t1/Desktop/reliability/constr.c:89: undefined reference to `log'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [constr] Error 1
I pass these errors by adding -lm to gcc,
Even when I change CFLAGS from Makefile to CFLAGS = -g -Wall -pthread -lm there is also that error.
My question:
Should I compile all .c programs separately now?
Thank you I really need help,
UPDATE
When I compile creer.c there is an error:
creer.c:39:10: warning: unused variable ‘val2’ [-Wunused-variable] creer.c:38:7:
warning: unused variable ‘val’ [-Wunused-variable]
Part of creer.c is:
void values(){
int val;
double val2;
FILE *fp;
fp = fopen("instances","r");
fseek(fp,0,SEEK_SET);
if(fscanf(fp,"%d",&p)==EOF){printf("EOF\n");}
if(fscanf(fp,"%d",&m)==EOF){printf("EOF\n");}
if(fscanf(fp,"%d",&K)==EOF){printf("EOF\n");}
if(fscanf(fp,"%lf",&lambda_com)==EOF){printf("EOF\n");}
if(fscanf(fp,"%d",&num_inst)==EOF){printf("EOF\n");}
if(fscanf(fp,"%d",&boundl)==EOF){printf("EOF\n");}
if(fscanf(fp,"%d",&boundp)==EOF){printf("EOF\n");}
fclose(fp);
}
You need to add that linker option -lm to the end of your command line.
Do something like this:
LDFLAGS=-lm
...
constr: constr.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o constr constr.c $(LDFLAGS)
Or you could define a pattern rule:
%: %.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $# $< $(LDFLAGS)
and use it to replace all those rules for constr, creer, and so on.
I'm having trouble linking the sha library with my makefile while compiling.
Here is my makefile:
CFLAGS= -g -Wall -Werror -std=c99 -pedantic
LDFLAGS=-lssl -lcrypto
CC = gcc
LD = gcc
OBJS = dhtnode.o
PROG = dhtnode
.c.o:
gcc $< -o $# $(CFLAGS)
all: $(PROG)
$(PROG): $(OBJS)
$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) $(OBJS) -o $(PROG)
dhtnode.o: dhtnode.c dhtpackettypes.h
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) dhtnode.c
clean:
/bin/rm -f *.o dhtnode
My function using the lcrypto library is here:
#include <openssl/sha.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdin.h>
//there are other includes but not concerning this part of the code
char sha() {
char *ibuf = malloc(sizeof(char));
ibuf ="172.0.0.1:11112";
char *obuf = malloc(SHA_DIGEST_LENGTH);
SHA1((unsigned char*)ibuf, strlen(ibuf), (unsigned char*)obuf);
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
printf("%x" , (unsigned char)obuf[i]);
}
printf("\n");
return *ibuf;
}
Here is the error I get when building with Eclipse:
C/p2p/dhtnode.c:107: undefined reference to `SHA1'
Can anybody tell my what is wrong with my makefile or possible eclipse settings?
Thx in advance!
When compiling the object file, you don't need the LDFLAGS. You'll also need the -c compiler flag to produce an object file instead of linking a binary:
dhtnode.o: dhtnode.c dhtpackettypes.h
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c dhtnode.c
After making this change, the program compiles and links successfully for me.
I'm struggling with compiling multiple files into a common program. I'm getting an error:
undefined reference to 'pi'
Here's the skeleton of my code and Makefile. What am I doing wrong? Thanks!
File: calcPi.c
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sched.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "pi.h"
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
long iterations = 1000000;
int policy = 2;
int numChildren = 3;
pi(iterations, policy, numChildren);
return 0;
}
File: pi.h
void pi(long iterations, int policy, int numChildren);
File: pi.c
#include "pi.h"
void pi(long iterations, int policy, int numChildren) {
//lots of code here
}
I'm compiling this using a Makefile:
CC = gcc
CFLAGS = -c -g -Wall -Wextra
LFLAGS = -g -Wall -Wextra
all: calcPi pi
calcPi: calcPi.o
$(CC) $(LFLAGS) $^ -o $# -lm
pi: pi.o
$(CC) $(LFLAGS) $^ -o $# -lm
calcPi.o: calcPi.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $<
pi.o: pi.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $<
clean:
rm -f pi calcPi
rm -f *.o
rm -f *~
EDIT: In response to the request for the entire error message:
In function 'main'"
calcPi.c:55: undefined reference to 'pi'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: * [calcPi.o] error 1
First of all, is pi really supposed to be a separate application?
You're referring the pi() function from calcPi, but it's only been compiled into pi.o, so you need to add it as a dependency.
What I think you want to do, is to create calcPi using the calcPi.o and pi.o object files.
CC = gcc
CFLAGS = -c -g -Wall -Wextra
LFLAGS = -g -Wall -Wextra
all: calcPi
calcPi: calcPi.o pi.o
$(CC) $(LFLAGS) $^ -o $# -lm
calcPi.o: calcPi.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $<
pi.o: pi.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $<
clean:
rm -f calc
rm -f *.o
rm -f *~
This is a sample program i was trying to compile this below c program to know about the
make file.
main.c
#include<stdio.h>
#include "reciprocal.h"
int main(int argc,char **argv){
int i;
i=atoi(argv[1]);
printf("The Reciprocal of %d is %f\n ",i,reciprocal(i));
return 0;
}
reciprocal.c
#include<stdio.h>
#include<assert.h>
#include "reciprocal.h"
double reciprocal(int i){
assert(i!=0);
return 1.0/i;
}
reciprocal.h
#include<stdio.h>
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C"{
#endif
extern double reciprocal(int i);
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
makefile
CFLAGS:=-o2
reciprocal: reciprocal.o main.o
gcc $(CFLAGS) -o reciprocal.o main.o
main.o: main.c reciprocal.h
gcc $(CFLAGS) -c main.c -I ../include
reciprocal.o: reciprocal.c reciprocal.h
gcc $(CFLAGS) -c reciprocal.c -I ../include
clean:
rm -f *.o reciprocal
when compiled as below it throws an error.
% make
gcc -o2 -c reciprocal.c -I ../include gcc -o2 -c main.c -I ../include
gcc -o2 -o reciprocal.o main.o main.o: In function main':
main.c:(.text+0x25): undefined reference toreciprocal' collect2: ld
returned 1 exit status make: * [reciprocal] Error 1
Please help me understand what is the reason for this error.
Change your makefile:
reciprocal: reciprocal.o main.o
gcc $(CFLAGS) -o reciprocal reciprocal.o main.o
^^^^^^^^^^
Alternatively:
reciprocal: reciprocal.o main.o
gcc $(CFLAGS) -o $# $^
You have an insidious typo:
CFLAGS:=-o2
That should have been -O2 with a capital O, this way you redirect the output of every compilation to the file 2.