Char Pointers and malloc - c

Question

I was a bit confused with the concept of char pointers so I made a simple code just printing my name provided by user (me). I also wanted to practice malloc so I referenced the pointer to a certain memory in RAM, but I really didn't know what to put after "sizeof(char) *" because that is the user input, which is not yet decided.
Also, after doing that, I freed the memory, but I got an error message on command line saying:
*** Error in `./char': double free or corruption (fasttop): 0x00000000017fe030 ***
Aborted
It seems like I freed the same memory twice or something, but I don't know what to delete or add. Please help!
#include <stdio.h>
#include <cs50.h>
int main (void)
{
char *strings = malloc(sizeof(char) * 10);
printf("What is your name?\n");
//wait for use to type his/her name
strings = get_string();
printf("Hello %s\n", strings);
free (strings);
return 0;
}

Answer 1

The line strings = get_string(); actually assigns the value returned by get_string() to strings. It doesn't write it into the memory you allocated.
So the value returne by malloc() has been overwritten (and lost in this case).
The free(strings) is releasing whatever get_string() returned. The question doesn't provide the code for that but presumably it isn't valid to free() it.
Because the run-time told you it was freed twice I'm guessing you have allocated memory in get_string() then freed it and returned an invalid pointer.
If you want to use the memory you allocated you need to change get_string() to accept a pointer:
void get_string(char *str){
//Do whatever writing you value into str[] as an array of char..
}
Good practice would have:
void get_string(char *str, size_t max){
//Do whatever writing you value into str[] as an array of char..
//Use max to avoid writing beyond the end of the space allocated...
}
Then call as get_string(strings,10);.
EDIT: After a bit of research the flaw has been identified. get_string() doesn't directly free() the string it returns but adds it to a list of allocations made by the library which are freed on exit (in a function called teardown() registered with atexit() or other compiler dependent features).
That is poor design because consumer code is provided no safe way of itself freeing the memory which in a typical use case will not be required for the whole application execution. get_double() is worse because it never returns the allocated data but never reuses it and amounts to a straight memory leak.
The code should either:
Conform to the documentation and require consumer code to free() the string (maybe rename it as say get_string_alloc() for clarity).
Offer a library routine to free the string (get_new_string() and release_string())
There is no very nice way to shift ownership of allocated memory in C but holding onto it for the remainder of execution is definitely not the answer.
Many libraries go round the houses to push allocation onto consumer code but that is onerous when the full size of the space required can't be known such as here.
I'd suggest putting _alloc() at the end of any function that returns objects that consumer code must later free().
So the answer for the question posed is remove the malloc() and the free() because the library handles both. However beware if your program makes many calls to that function and others that internally rely on it (like get_double()) you may run out of memory because the library is sitting on dead space.

Answer 2

The problem is your get_strings overrides your initial malloc. A pointer value is a value. By equating it with something else, you replaced your malloc value.

Answer 3

Memory is allocated at the statement:
strings = get_string();
You dont have to malloc it ( char *strings = malloc(sizeof(char) * 10);
)
Without malloc it will work fine

Answer 4

First You have created a dynamic memory which will be pointed by *strings. But then you are pointing to the local string (from get_string() function) using *strings pointer. when you call free, program is trying delete local (stack) reference and throwing error.
To solve that error, the program should be
#include <stdio.h>
#include <cs50.h>
int main (void)
{
char *strings = malloc(sizeof(char) * 10);
printf("What is your name?\n");
//wait for use to type his/her name
strcpy(strings, get_string()); // Use strcpy instead of assigning
printf("Hello %s\n", strings);
free (strings);
return 0;
}

Answer 5

You don't include the code for get_string(), but you're overwriting strings with its return value which is wrong. The address you pass to free() must come from malloc(), and it seems you're violating that (in addition to losing the original returned address for your 10 bytes).
Assuming get_string() returns static storage (i.e. you don't need to free it) you can do this without involving malloc().
If you really want to, something like this might work:
printf("What is your name?\n");
const char *name = get_string();
const size_t nlen = strlen(name);
char * const name_copy = malloc(nlen + 1);
if(name_copy != NULL)
{
memcpy(name_copy, name, nlen + 1);
printf("Hello %s (from my own memory!)\n", name_copy);
free(name_copy);
}
This is rather convoluted but you get the idea.

Answer 6

char *strings;
No need for new malloc as string returned from get_string() function is already on the heap, you just need to pick up pointer to first character. (get_string() function reference)
strings = get_string();
printf("Hello %s\n", strings);
After printing string you should free memory allocated for it, as it is stated in get_string() function reference
Stores string on heap (via malloc); memory must be freed by caller to
avoid leak.
I think everything else is fine, try this code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <cs50.h>
int main (void)
{
char *strings;
printf("What is your name?\n");
//wait for use to type his/her name
strings = get_string();
printf("Hello %s\n", strings);
free (strings);
return 0;
}