Convert array to string in MATLAB? - arrays

I have a vector a = [1 2 3 4 5] how would I make it so b = '12345'?
I have tried b = num2str(a) but it outputs 1 2 3 4 5.

You can specify the format in num2str, much as you would in C's function sprintf:
b = num2str(a,'%i');
Or use sprintf:
b = sprintf('%i',a);
If a contains only single-digit numbers, you can also convert to char directly:
b = char(a+'0');

You need to convert yor vector to a single number first (assuming all elements are in range 0..9):
a = 1:5;
num = ( 10.^((numel(a)-1):-1:0) ) * a'; %'
b = num2str( num )
You can try this code here.

Related

Given two arrays A and B, how to get B values which are the closest to A

Suppose I have two arrays ordered in an ascending order, i.e.:
A = [1 5 7], B = [1 2 3 6 9 10]
I would like to create from B a new vector B', which contains only the closest values to A values (one for each).
I also need the indexes. So, in my example I would like to get:
B' = [1 6 9], Idx = [1 4 5]
Note that the third value is 9. Indeed 6 is closer to 7 but it is already 'taken' since it is close to 4.
Any idea for a suitable code?
Note: my true arrays are much larger and contain real (not int) values
Also, it is given that B is longer then A
Thanks!
Assuming you want to minimize the overall discrepancies between elements of A and matched elements in B, the problem can be written as an assignment problem of assigning to every row (element of A) a column (element of B) given a cost matrix C. The Hungarian (or Munkres') algorithm solves the assignment problem.
I assume that you want to minimize cumulative squared distance between A and matched elements in B, and use the function [assignment,cost] = munkres(costMat) by Yi Cao from https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/20652-hungarian-algorithm-for-linear-assignment-problems--v2-3-:
A = [1 5 7];
B = [1 2 3 6 9 10];
[Bprime,matches] = matching(A,B)
function [Bprime,matches] = matching(A,B)
C = (repmat(A',1,length(B)) - repmat(B,length(A),1)).^2;
[matches,~] = munkres(C);
Bprime = B(matches);
end
Assuming instead you want to find matches recursively, as suggested by your question, you could either walk through A, for each element in A find the closest remaining element in B and discard it (sortedmatching below); or you could iteratively form and discard the distance-minimizing match between remaining elements in A and B until all elements in A are matched (greedymatching):
A = [1 5 7];
B = [1 2 3 6 9 10];
[~,~,Bprime,matches] = sortedmatching(A,B,[],[])
[~,~,Bprime,matches] = greedymatching(A,B,[],[])
function [A,B,Bprime,matches] = sortedmatching(A,B,Bprime,matches)
[~,ix] = min((A(1) - B).^2);
matches = [matches ix];
Bprime = [Bprime B(ix)];
A = A(2:end);
B(ix) = Inf;
if(not(isempty(A)))
[A,B,Bprime,matches] = sortedmatching(A,B,Bprime,matches);
end
end
function [A,B,Bprime,matches] = greedymatching(A,B,Bprime,matches)
C = (repmat(A',1,length(B)) - repmat(B,length(A),1)).^2;
[minrows,ixrows] = min(C);
[~,ixcol] = min(minrows);
ixrow = ixrows(ixcol);
matches(ixrow) = ixcol;
Bprime(ixrow) = B(ixcol);
A(ixrow) = -Inf;
B(ixcol) = Inf;
if(max(A) > -Inf)
[A,B,Bprime,matches] = greedymatching(A,B,Bprime,matches);
end
end
While producing the same results in your example, all three methods potentially give different answers on the same data.
Normally I would run screaming from for and while loops in Matlab, but in this case I cannot see how the solution could be vectorized. At least it is O(N) (or near enough, depending on how many equally-close matches to each A(i) there are in B). It would be pretty simple to code the following in C and compile it into a mex file, to make it run at optimal speed, but here's a pure-Matlab solution:
function [out, ind] = greedy_nearest(A, B)
if nargin < 1, A = [1 5 7]; end
if nargin < 2, B = [1 2 3 6 9 10]; end
ind = A * 0;
walk = 1;
for i = 1:numel(A)
match = 0;
lastDelta = inf;
while walk < numel(B)
delta = abs(B(walk) - A(i));
if delta < lastDelta, match = walk; end
if delta > lastDelta, break, end
lastDelta = delta;
walk = walk + 1;
end
ind(i) = match;
walk = match + 1;
end
out = B(ind);
You could first get the absolute distance from each value in A to each value in B, sort them and then get the first unique value to a sequence when looking down in each column.
% Get distance from each value in A to each value in B
[~, minIdx] = sort(abs(bsxfun(#minus, A,B.')));
% Get first unique sequence looking down each column
idx = zeros(size(A));
for iCol = 1:numel(A)
for iRow = 1:iCol
if ~ismember(idx, minIdx(iRow,iCol))
idx(iCol) = minIdx(iRow,iCol);
break
end
end
end
The result when applying idx to B
>> idx
1 4 5
>> B(idx)
1 6 9

Adding an element of an array with respective element of other arrays

I have multiple array, number can be arbitrary. but the size of all array is same. How do i add each element of with respective element of all the arrays and maybe save it in another array
A1 = [1 2 3 4 5 6]
A2 = [1 2 3 4 5 6]
.
.
.
.
final = [1+1+1+... 2+2+2+.... 3+3+3+3.... 4+4+4.... 5+5+5+5... 6+6+6+6...]
As your arrays are all the same length you can just add the arrays forming a new array.
final = A1+A2
This function searches in your workspace looking for all variables containing capital 'A'. The for loop adds all found variables. If there are other variables containing 'A', other restrictions has to be made.
variables = who %# all variable names from workspace
index = strmatch('A',variables) %# indices matching "A"
newarray = 0
for j = 1:numel(index)
tmp = eval(char(variables(index(j)))); %# store variable in tmp
newarray = newarray + tmp; %# sum
end
If you have an unknown number of A's, you can try something like this:
final = 0
i = 1
while exist(['A' num2str(i)]) == 1 % ['A' num2str(i)] constructs the variable name, eval calls it
final = final + eval(['A' num2str(i)]);
i = i + 1;
end
This should work as long as the variables are stored in the workspace, are of the same length and are named A1, A2, A3, ... A9, A10, ...
Let's say you have this structure (as you write in the comments):
main = struct('err',{1:6,5:10,1:6,1:6},'seg_err',{1:6,5:10,1:6,5:10});
you can convert it to matrix:
m = vertcat(main.seg_err);;
And than take the sum in a simple command:
final = sum(m)
which results:
final =
12 16 20 24 28 32
and thanks to #beaker :)

How to convert a character matrix into cell array?

I have 64 characters in a 4*4 matrix.I need to convert it into a cell array such that cell has 4 characters.For eg
Consider A=[TCTGCTCTCGGTTATATACACTGCCCAGAACACGTCAACAAGGCCAGTGTATCCTTCTTTGTGT]
i need to get a cell array as below
B={[TCTG][CTCT][CGGT][TATA]
[TACA][CTGC][CCAG][AACA]
[CGTC][AACA][AGGC][CAGT]
[GTAT][CCTT][CTTT][GTGT]}
i tried using the mat2cell function but im not able to understand it.please help.
Using a for-loop:
clc
clear
A = 'TCTGCTCTCGGTTATATACACTGCCCAGAACACGTCAACAAGGCCAGTGTATCCTTCTTTGTGT';
B = cell(4,4);
currentIdx = 0; % Use index to increment by steps of 4 when going through A
for k = 1:16
B{k} = A(currentIdx+1:currentIdx+4);
currentIdx = currentIdx+4;
end
B = B'
B =
'TCTG' 'CTCT' 'CGGT' 'TATA'
'TACA' 'CTGC' 'CCAG' 'AACA'
'CGTC' 'AACA' 'AGGC' 'CAGT'
'GTAT' 'CCTT' 'CTTT' 'GTGT'
You are starting with a 1xN matrix and want to convert it to a 1xN/4 cell array of 1x4 matrices. Your command should then be:
N = length(A);
M = 4;
B = mat2cell(A,1,ones(1,N/M)*M);
The first dimension is the 1, the second dimension is a string of 4's the size of the output cell array. The result:
B =
Columns 1 through 12
'TCTG' 'CTCT' 'CGGT' 'TATA' 'TACA' 'CTGC' 'CCAG' 'AACA' 'CGTC' 'AACA' 'AGGC' 'CAGT'
Columns 13 through 16
'GTAT' 'CCTT' 'CTTT' 'GTGT'
You can use method vec2mat that breaks your input vector to matrix
M = vec2mat(A, numberOfColumns)
(In your case numberOfColumns would be 16) and then use mat2cell. In your case, it would be:
C = mat2cell(M, [1,1,1,1], [4,4,4,4])
It means that all cels will have one row and 4 columns).
Effect of function c = mat2cell(x, [10, 20, 30], [25, 25]) would be:
The image shows why you have to convert vector to matrix. (example from matlab documentation)
You can also (ab)use the very versatile accumarray for this task:
A = 'TCTGCTCTCGGTTATATACACTGCCCAGAACACGTCAACAAGGCCAGTGTATCCTTCTTTGTGT';
n = 4;
B = accumarray(ceil(1/n:1/n:numel(A)/n).', A(:), [], #(x) {x.'}).'

Finding the last element in cumsum

I would to use cumsum to find the sum up to 5 for example, but I want the end not all the intermediate values.
For example:
A = [1:5];
B = cumsum(A)
returns
B =
1 3 6 10 15
I just want 15 not the rest.
What I have tried:
B = cumsum(A)(end) but it gives me this error:
??? Error: ()-indexing must appear last in an index expression.
The last element of cumsum is per definition equal to the sum. Hence you just need:
A = [1:5];
B = sum(A)
Of course you can also do what you tried to do, with a detour:
A = [1:5];
B = cumsum(A);
B(end)
You can use
C = B(length(A))
or
C = B(end)
or all in one line
C = sum(A)
All these will give you
C =
15

Matlab: convert int array into string array?

In Matlab I have integer array a=[1 2 3]. I need to convert them into one string, separated by ',':
c = '1,2,3'
If somehow I can have a string array b=['1' '2' '3'], then I can use
c = strjoin(b, ',')
to achieve the goal.
So my question is: How to convert integer array a=[1 2 3] into a string array b=['1' '2' '3']?
The int2str() is not working. It will give out
'1 2 3'
and it is not a "string array", so the strjoin can not apply to it to achieve '1,2,3'
You can simply use sprintf():
a = 1:3;
c = sprintf('%d,',a);
c = c(1:end-1);
There's a function in the file exchange called vec2str that'll do this.
You'll need to set the encloseFlag parameter to 0 to remove the square brackets. Example:
a = [1 2 3];
b = vec2str(a,[],[],0);
Inside b you'll have:
b =
'1,2,3'
I found one solution myself:
after getting the string (not array), split it:
b = int2str(); %b='1 2 3'
c = strsplit(b); %c='1' '2' '3'
Then I can get the result c=strjoin(c, ',') as I wanted.
You can use:
c = regexprep(num2str(a), '\s*', ',');

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