While building GotoBlas2 on my x86_64 by using the default make file, I encounter the following build error:
gcc -O2 -DEXPRECISION -m128bit-long-double -Wall -m64
-DF_INTERFACE_GFORT -fPIC -DSMP_SERVER -DMAX_CPU_NUMBER=8 -DASMNAME= -DASMFNAME=_ -DNAME=_ -DCNAME= -DCHAR_NAME=\"_\" -DCHAR_CNAME=\"\" -I.. -w -o linktest linktest.c ../libgoto2_nehalemp-r1.13.so -L/usr/lib64/gcc/x86_64-suse-linux/4.7 -L/usr/lib64/gcc/x86_64-suse-linux/4.7/../../../../lib64 -L/lib/../lib64 -L/usr/lib/../lib64 -L/usr/lib64/gcc/x86_64-suse-linux/4.7/../../../../x86_64-suse-linux/lib
-L/usr/lib64/gcc/x86_64-suse-linux/4.7/../../.. -l -l -lgfortran -lm -lquadmath -lm -lc && echo OK. /usr/lib64/gcc/x86_64-suse-linux/4.7/../../../../x86_64-suse-linux/bin/ld:
cannot find -l-l collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status make[1]:
* [../libgoto2_nehalemp-r1.13.so] Error 1 make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/ken/bin/build/GotoBLAS2/exports' make: * [shared] Error 2
In an attempt to remedy the problem I searched my package manager for a library to satisfy -l-l, looking for things like libl, liblex, libflex, etc but I can't find anything to satisfy the link.
Any ideas?
To fix this, edit line 298 in f_check to
"print MAKEFILE "FEXTRALIB=$linker_L -lgfortran -lm -lquadmath -lm $linker_a\n";"
Related
When I compile the simulator using 'make', it appears an error.
(cd misc; make all)
make[1]: Entering directory '/root/archlab-handout/sim/misc'
gcc -Wall -O1 -g -fcommon -c yis.c
gcc -Wall -O1 -g -fcommon -c isa.c
gcc -Wall -O1 -g -fcommon yis.o isa.o -o yis
gcc -Wall -O1 -g -fcommon -c yas.c
flex yas-grammar.lex
mv lex.yy.c yas-grammar.c
gcc -O1 -fcommon -c yas-grammar.c
gcc -Wall -O1 -g -fcommon yas-grammar.o yas.o isa.o -lfl -o yas
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lfl
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make[1]: *** [Makefile:32: yas] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/archlab-handout/sim/misc'
make: *** [Makefile:26: all] Error 2
It seems like 'ld' returned 1 exit status. Can anyone help me how to solve this problem?
I have just learning computer science systematically for a while, and I do lack the experience with solving these problems.
I have reviewed the answer provided Here but I still cannot seem to make progress.
I am attempting to follow along with the online Stanford course CS107. I was able to complete assignments 2-3 but am stuck on assignment number 4.
I receive this error when I type "make" in the command line.
gcc -g -Wall -std=gnu99 -Wno-unused-function -c -o rss-news-search.o rss-news-search.c
gcc rss-news-search.o -g -Wall -std=gnu99 -Wno-unused-function -g -lnsl -lrssnews -L/home/pi/Desktop/C/StanfordHW/Assn4/assn-4-rss-news-search-lib/ -o rss-news-search
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lrssnews
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [Makefile:32: rss-news-search] Error 1
Here is the snippet of my Makefile:
CFLAGS = -g -Wall -std=gnu99 -Wno-unused-function $(DFLAG)
LDFLAGS = -g $(SOCKETLIB) -lnsl -lrssnews -L/home/pi/Desktop
/C/StanfordHW/Assn4/assn-4-rss-news-search-lib/$(OSTYPE)
PFLAGS= -linker=/usr/pubsw/bin/ld -best-effort
So, I tried doing what the previous answer suggested by moving the file "librssnews.a" to the folder /lib from where I am executing the make command. But this did not work.
Here is an image of my directory
Is there something else that I can try? Please excuse any obvious mistakes, as I'm still learning. Thank you.
I'm working on a Linux project in C consisting of two different open source applications. "Project A" (libduo) creates an archive used for linking a couple test programs and creates the library like this:
/usr/bin/ar rv libduo.a duo.o http_parser.o https.o match.o parson.o urlenc.o
/usr/bin/ar: creating libduo.a
a - duo.o
a - http_parser.o
a - https.o
a - match.o
a - parson.o
a - urlenc.o
ranlib libduo.a
One of the libduo test programs is built like this:
gcc -g -O2 -Wall -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fstack-protector -I. -I. -DDUODIR=\"/usr/local/duo/libduo/etc\" -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -c test-duologin.c
gcc -o test-duologin test-duologin.o -L. -lduo -lssl -lcrypto
"Project B" is an OpenLDAP module which I've built with -lduo and a few options to tell it where to find things:
(cd .libs && rm -f pw-apr1.la && ln -s ../pw-apr1.la pw-apr1.la)
../../../libtool --mode=compile gcc -g -O2 -Wall -I../../../include -I../../../include -I../../../servers/slapd -I../../../contrib/slapd-modules/passwd/libduo -c pw-duo.c
gcc -g -O2 -Wall -I../../../include -I../../../include -I../../../servers/slapd -I../../../contrib/slapd-modules/passwd/libduo -c pw-duo.c -fPIC -DPIC -o .libs/pw-duo.o
gcc -g -O2 -Wall -I../../../include -I../../../include -I../../../servers/slapd -I../../../contrib/slapd-modules/passwd/libduo -c pw-duo.c -o pw-duo.o >/dev/null 2>&1
../../../libtool --mode=link gcc -g -O2 -Wall -version-info 0:0:0 \
-rpath /usr/local/libexec/openldap -module -o pw-duo.la pw-duo.lo libduo.a -lduo
*** Warning: Linking the shared library pw-duo.la against the
*** static library libduo.a is not portable!
cc -shared .libs/pw-duo.o libduo.a -lduo -Wl,-soname -Wl,pw-duo.so.0 -o .libs/pw-duo.so.0.0.0
/usr/bin/ld: libduo.a(duo.o): relocation R_X86_64_32 against `.rodata.str1.1' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC
libduo.a: error adding symbols: Bad value
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Makefile:51: recipe for target 'pw-duo.la' failed
make: *** [pw-duo.la] Error 1
The Makefile I'm using is the same one distributed with the OpenLDAP project. I've just added a section in the Makefile to build my module, using the same options for the other modules already there but adding -lduo to my section along with the paths to the libduo includes and libduo.a.
As make suggests above, I've recompiled by adding -fPIC after the -Wall option but it the same error was repeated. As a last resort, I tried adding -static to the module build but make was having none of that either:
*** Warning: Linking the shared library pw-duo.la against the
*** static library libduo.a is not portable!
This is the first time I've tried to build a C application against a lib not in the standard Linux locations so not exactly sure what's going on. I suspect libduo is built intended to be statically linked into everything, but the OpenLDAP modules are designed to use shared libraries. Can anyone elucidate?
Update: with help of comments below and this link I created a shared library from the .o files and distributed/built against that.
I am not an experienced programmer/developer/software engineer, but I need to get this older version of guile-2.0.11 built "by hand" rather than using home-brew (which installs the latest version of guile). I downloaded the tarball for guile-2.0.11 from the GitHub repository, extracted it and ran the shell script autogen.sh. This produced a configure executable which ran to completion and generated a Makefile. When I run make, the build continues until I get the this error:
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
"_clock_getcpuclockid", referenced from:
_scm_init_stime in libguile_2.0_la-stime.o
"_ffi_call", referenced from:
_scm_i_foreign_call in libguile_2.0_la-foreign.o
and 16 more "ffi" similar messages. Then the error messages finishes
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
make[3]: *** [libguile-2.0.la] Error 1
make[2]: *** [all] Error 2
make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
The linker apparently can't find these symbols. The explicit link command is quite extensive..it shows all the options, include and library paths if I use "make V=1". Here is the beginning, showing the options and paths:
Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin/make all-am
/bin/sh ../libtool --tag=CC --mode=link gcc - I/usr/local/opt/gettext/include -I/usr/local/include - I/usr/local/opt/readline/include - I/usr/local/Cellar/gettext/0.19.8.1/include -D_THREAD_SAFE -Wall - Wmissing-prototypes -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wpointer-arith -Wswitch- enum -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -fvisibility=hidden - I/usr/local/Cellar/bdw-gc/7.6.0/include -g -O2 -L/usr/local/Cellar/bdw- gc/7.6.0/lib -lgc -L/usr/local/opt/libffi/lib -liconv - L/usr/local/opt/gettext/lib -lintl -R/usr/local/opt/gettext/lib -Wl,- framework -Wl,CoreFoundation -L/usr/local/lib -lunistring -R/usr/local/lib -version-info 29:2:7 -export-dynamic -no-undefined -L/usr/local/opt/gettext/lib -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/local/opt/readline/lib -L/usr/local/Cellar/gettext/0.19.8.1/lib -o libguile-2.0.la -rpath /usr/local/lib
Then there is libtool.
libtool: link: gcc -dynamiclib -o .libs/libguile-2.0.22.dylib .libs/libguile_2.0_la-alist.o .libs/libguile_2.0_la-arbiters.o .libs/libguile_2.0_la-array-handle.o
and many many more xxxx.o
then
-Wl,-force_load,../lib/.libs/libgnu.a -L/usr/local/Cellar/bdw- gc/7.6.0/lib -lgc -L/usr/local/opt/libffi/lib -L/usr/local/opt/gettext/lib -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/local/opt/readline/lib - L/usr/local/Cellar/gettext/0.19.8.1/lib -lintl -lunistring -liconv -lgmp - lltdl -lm -g -O2 -Wl,-framework -Wl,CoreFoundation -install_name /usr/local/lib/libguile-2.0.22.dylib -compatibility_version 30 - current_version 30.2 -Wl,-single_module
The up-to-date version of ffilib is in the symlink /usr/local/opt/libffi/lib which is in the ld path, so I would think that the linker could find it. Any help would be greatly appreciated.
This problem is really two problems: (1) the undefined symbol "_clock_getcpuclockid" and (2) all the "ffi" undefined symbols. The answer to the second problem is here and the answer to the first problem is here. There may be other solutions but these resulted in the installation of guile-2.0.11 on my macOS Sierra (10.12.5),
I was auditing cs107 at stanford online
The problem I ran into is with assignment 6, when I type "make" in terminal, the error message pops up. Basically, I miss two header files, which I guess can be got from the pre-compiled .lib file. But somehow it just doesn't work.
Here's part of the original make file:
CFLAGS = -D_REENTRANT -g -Wall -D__ostype_is_$(OSTYPE)__ -std=gnu99 -I/usr/class/cs107/include/ -Wno-unused-function $(DFLAG)
LDFLAGS = -L/usr/class/cs107/assignments/assn-6-rss-news-search-lib/$(OSTYPE) -L/usr/class/cs107/lib -lexpat -lrssnews $(PLATFORM_LIBS) $(THREAD_LIBS)
PFLAGS= -linker=/usr/pubsw/bin/ld -best-effort -threads=yes -max-threads=1000
Edit:
When I said "This is supposed to compile even without threading implementation", I meant that it should compile without FURTHER threading implementation by students.
So here's the error message with thread:
gcc -D_REENTRANT -g -Wall -D__ostype_is_linux__ -std=gnu99 -I/usr/class/cs107/include/ -Wno-unused-function -c -o rss-news-search.o rss-news-search.c
rss-news-search.c: In function ‘main’:
rss-news-search.c:109:3: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘InitThreadPackage’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
gcc rss-news-search.o -D_REENTRANT -g -Wall -D__ostype_is_linux__ -std=gnu99 -I/usr/class/cs107/include/ -Wno-unused-function -L/home/h/cs107/assn-6-rss-news-search-lib/linux -L/usr/class/cs107/lib -L. -lexpat -lrssnews -lnsl -lpthread -lthread_107_linux -o rss-news-search
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lthread_107_linux
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [rss-news-search] Error 1
here's the error message without $(THREAD_LIBS):
gcc -D_REENTRANT -g -Wall -D__ostype_is_linux__ -std=gnu99 -I/usr/class/cs107/include/ -Wno-unused-function -c -o rss-news-search.o rss-news-search.c
rss-news-search.c: In function ‘main’:
rss-news-search.c:109:3: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘InitThreadPackage’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
gcc rss-news-search.o -D_REENTRANT -g -Wall -D__ostype_is_linux__ -std=gnu99 -I/usr/class/cs107/include/ -Wno-unused-function -L/home/h/cs107/assn-6-rss-news-search-lib/linux -L/usr/class/cs107/lib -L. -lexpat -lrssnews -lnsl -lpthread -o rss-news-search
rss-news-search.o: In function `main':
/home/h/cs107/assn-6-rss-news-search/rss-news-search.c:109: undefined reference to `InitThreadPackage'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [rss-news-search] Error 1
In the later case, if I comment out "InitThreadPackage", it compiles just fine.
This is the procedure to compile your project:
Create a file assn-6-rss-news-search/thread_107.h, and put this inside:
/* Empty header file */
Copy the library librssnews.a from assn-6-rss-news-search-lib/linux/ to assn-6-rss-news-search/
Modify the file rss-news-search.c by commenting the call to the function : InitThreadPackage on line 109:
//InitThreadPackage(false);
Modify the Makefile to include the path to the current directory (to be able to link to the library you've copied earlier librssnews.a):
The line 27 should look like this:
LDFLAGS = -L/usr/class/cs107/assignments/assn-6-rss-news-search-lib/$(OSTYPE) -L/usr/class/cs107/lib -L. -lexpat -lrssnews $(PLATFORM_LIBS) $(THREAD_LIBS)
Then:
make clean
make
EDIT :
When you got this error cannot find lthread_107_linux, Edit your Makefile to remove this $(THREAD_LIBS) on line 27:
LDFLAGS = -L/usr/class/cs107/assignments/assn-6-rss-news-search-lib/$(OSTYPE) -L/usr/class/cs107/lib -L. -lexpat -lrssnews $(PLATFORM_LIBS)
The class-specific header files, like thread_107.h are found in /usr/class/cs107/include/ on whatever machine the instructor is expecting the students to use. If you're not using that machine, you'll have to copy those include files or make your own.
The expat.h file is from an open source library. You'll need to install the appropriate package on the system you're compiling on. On Ubuntu, that's sudo apt-get install libexpat1-dev, but the package name should be similar on other distributions.