Related
So i have this dynamic query that returns a result set having dynamic number of columns like so:
In this result set we have columns for ID, FacilityName and cycleNum will always be there but number of task columns can vary Task1, Task2, Task3..... upto Taskn.
The final result set I need is as follows:
For this i have tried this query:
Select distinct FacilityName,
substring(
(
Select ',' + a
From (SELECT ID, FacilityName, 'Cycle-'+ cast(CycleNum as varchar)+'::' + 'Task1~' + cast(Task1 as varchar) + ',Task2~' + cast(Task2 as varchar) + ',Task3~' + cast(Task3 as varchar) + ';' as a FROM #tempTable) ST1
Where ST1.FacilityName = ST2.FacilityName
ORDER BY ST1.FacilityName
For XML PATH ('')
), 2, 1000) CycleData
From (SELECT ID, FacilityName, 'Cycle-'+ cast(CycleNum as varchar)+'::' + 'Task1~' + cast(Task1 as varchar) + ',Task2~' + cast(Task2 as varchar) + ',Task3~' + cast(Task3 as varchar)+ ';' as a FROM #tempTable) ST2
This will work with following test data:
create table #tempTable
(
ID int,
FacilityName varchar(50),
CycleNum int,
Task1 datetime,
Task2 datetime,
Task3 datetime
)
Insert into #tempTable values
(1, 'A', 1, convert(varchar(10), getdate(), 126), convert(varchar(10), dateadd(day,1,getdate()), 126), convert(varchar(10), dateadd(day,2,getdate()), 126)),
(2, 'A', 2, convert(varchar(10), getdate(), 126), convert(varchar(10), dateadd(day,1,getdate()), 126), convert(varchar(10), dateadd(day,2,getdate()), 126)),
(3, 'B', 1, convert(varchar(10), getdate(), 126), convert(varchar(10), dateadd(day,1,getdate()), 126), convert(varchar(10), dateadd(day,2,getdate()), 126)),
(4, 'B', 2, convert(varchar(10), getdate(), 126), convert(varchar(10), dateadd(day,1,getdate()), 126), convert(varchar(10), dateadd(day,2,getdate()), 126))
But I cant think of any way to extend this to use dynamic columns. The list of all columns is saved in a master table so we can get comma-separated list of columns from there if needed.
Here is a dynamic way
Slightly different approach from your static query. To make it dynamic, Use while loop or CURSOR to generate the Task1 + Task2 + ..TaskN. Then use it in Select query.
DECLARE #columns VARCHAR(50)='Task1,Task2,Task3', -- Pass the list of column names
#int INT = 1,
#sql VARCHAR(8000)
SET #sql = ' ;WITH cte
AS (SELECT *,
''Cycle-'' + Cast(CycleNum AS VARCHAR(10)) + ''::'' '
WHILE #int <= Len(#columns) - Len(Replace(#columns, ',', '')) -- To find the number of Tasks in list
BEGIN
SET #sql += + '+''Task' + Cast(#int AS VARCHAR(10))
+ '~''+' + 'Cast(Task'
+ Cast(#int AS VARCHAR(10))
+ ' AS VARCHAR(50)) + '','''
SET #int += 1
END
SET #sql += ' AS concat_dates
FROM #tempTable)
SELECT DISTINCT FacilityName,
LEFT(CycleData, Len(CycleData) - 1)
FROM cte a
CROSS apply(SELECT b.concat_dates + '',''
FROM cte b
WHERE a.FacilityName = b.FacilityName
FOR xml path('''')) cs (CycleData)
'
--print #sql -- uncomment it to debug if you have any error when executing dynamic code
EXEC (#sql)
Not to worry about the usage of While Loop/CURSOR since we are not doing any resource intensive operations inside the loop.
Static Query will looking like this
;WITH cte
AS (SELECT *,
'Cycle-' + Cast(CycleNum AS VARCHAR(10))
+ '::' + 'Task1~' + Cast(Task1 AS VARCHAR(50))
+ ',' + 'Task2~' + Cast(Task2 AS VARCHAR(50))
+ ',' AS concat_dates
FROM #tempTable)
SELECT DISTINCT FacilityName,
LEFT(CycleData, Len(CycleData) - 1)
FROM cte a
CROSS apply(SELECT b.concat_dates + ','
FROM cte b
WHERE a.FacilityName = b.FacilityName
FOR xml path('')) cs (CycleData)
Use system tables. I prefer short and effective solutions :). This is guide, I'm sure you can finish it yourself with concentating strings (if you are not sure, add comment and I will add whole code or more description).
declare #columns varchar(max)
SELECT #columns = isnull(#columns + '+', '') + '''' + COLUMN_NAME + '~'' + Cast(' + COLUMN_NAME + ' as varchar(50))'
FROM tempdb.INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS c
WHERE c.TABLE_NAME like '#tempTable%'
AND c.COLUMN_NAME LIKE 'Task%' -- filter columns you are interested in
declare #sql varchar(4000) = 'select *, ' + #columns + ' from #tempTable'
print #sql
exec (#sql)
I'm looking for an efficient way to convert rows to columns in SQL server, I heard that PIVOT is not very fast, and I need to deal with lot of records.
This is my example:
-------------------------------
| Id | Value | ColumnName |
-------------------------------
| 1 | John | FirstName |
| 2 | 2.4 | Amount |
| 3 | ZH1E4A | PostalCode |
| 4 | Fork | LastName |
| 5 | 857685 | AccountNumber |
-------------------------------
This is my result:
---------------------------------------------------------------------
| FirstName |Amount| PostalCode | LastName | AccountNumber |
---------------------------------------------------------------------
| John | 2.4 | ZH1E4A | Fork | 857685 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------
How can I build the result?
There are several ways that you can transform data from multiple rows into columns.
Using PIVOT
In SQL Server you can use the PIVOT function to transform the data from rows to columns:
select Firstname, Amount, PostalCode, LastName, AccountNumber
from
(
select value, columnname
from yourtable
) d
pivot
(
max(value)
for columnname in (Firstname, Amount, PostalCode, LastName, AccountNumber)
) piv;
See Demo.
Pivot with unknown number of columnnames
If you have an unknown number of columnnames that you want to transpose, then you can use dynamic SQL:
DECLARE #cols AS NVARCHAR(MAX),
#query AS NVARCHAR(MAX)
select #cols = STUFF((SELECT ',' + QUOTENAME(ColumnName)
from yourtable
group by ColumnName, id
order by id
FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)')
,1,1,'')
set #query = N'SELECT ' + #cols + N' from
(
select value, ColumnName
from yourtable
) x
pivot
(
max(value)
for ColumnName in (' + #cols + N')
) p '
exec sp_executesql #query;
See Demo.
Using an aggregate function
If you do not want to use the PIVOT function, then you can use an aggregate function with a CASE expression:
select
max(case when columnname = 'FirstName' then value end) Firstname,
max(case when columnname = 'Amount' then value end) Amount,
max(case when columnname = 'PostalCode' then value end) PostalCode,
max(case when columnname = 'LastName' then value end) LastName,
max(case when columnname = 'AccountNumber' then value end) AccountNumber
from yourtable
See Demo.
Using multiple joins
This could also be completed using multiple joins, but you will need some column to associate each of the rows which you do not have in your sample data. But the basic syntax would be:
select fn.value as FirstName,
a.value as Amount,
pc.value as PostalCode,
ln.value as LastName,
an.value as AccountNumber
from yourtable fn
left join yourtable a
on fn.somecol = a.somecol
and a.columnname = 'Amount'
left join yourtable pc
on fn.somecol = pc.somecol
and pc.columnname = 'PostalCode'
left join yourtable ln
on fn.somecol = ln.somecol
and ln.columnname = 'LastName'
left join yourtable an
on fn.somecol = an.somecol
and an.columnname = 'AccountNumber'
where fn.columnname = 'Firstname'
This is rather a method than just a single script but gives you much more flexibility.
First of all There are 3 objects:
User defined TABLE type [ColumnActionList] -> holds data as
parameter
SP [proc_PivotPrepare] -> prepares our data
SP [proc_PivotExecute] -> execute the script
CREATE TYPE [dbo].[ColumnActionList] AS TABLE
(
[ID] [smallint] NOT NULL,
[ColumnName] nvarchar NOT NULL,
[Action] nchar NOT NULL
);
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[proc_PivotPrepare]
(
#DB_Name nvarchar(128),
#TableName nvarchar(128)
)
AS
SELECT #DB_Name = ISNULL(#DB_Name,db_name())
DECLARE #SQL_Code nvarchar(max)
DECLARE #MyTab TABLE (ID smallint identity(1,1), [Column_Name] nvarchar(128), [Type] nchar(1), [Set Action SQL] nvarchar(max));
SELECT #SQL_Code = 'SELECT [<| SQL_Code |>] = '' '' '
+ 'UNION ALL '
+ 'SELECT ''----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------'' '
+ 'UNION ALL '
+ 'SELECT ''-----| Declare user defined type [ID] / [ColumnName] / [PivotAction] '' '
+ 'UNION ALL '
+ 'SELECT ''----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------'' '
+ 'UNION ALL '
+ 'SELECT ''DECLARE #ColumnListWithActions ColumnActionList;'''
+ 'UNION ALL '
+ 'SELECT ''----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------'' '
+ 'UNION ALL '
+ 'SELECT ''-----| Set [PivotAction] (''''S'''' as default) to select dimentions and values '' '
+ 'UNION ALL '
+ 'SELECT ''-----|'''
+ 'UNION ALL '
+ 'SELECT ''-----| ''''S'''' = Stable column || ''''D'''' = Dimention column || ''''V'''' = Value column '' '
+ 'UNION ALL '
+ 'SELECT ''----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------'' '
+ 'UNION ALL '
+ 'SELECT ''INSERT INTO #ColumnListWithActions VALUES ('' + CAST( ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY [NAME]) as nvarchar(10)) + '', '' + '''''''' + [NAME] + ''''''''+ '', ''''S'''');'''
+ 'FROM [' + #DB_Name + '].sys.columns '
+ 'WHERE object_id = object_id(''[' + #DB_Name + ']..[' + #TableName + ']'') '
+ 'UNION ALL '
+ 'SELECT ''----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------'' '
+ 'UNION ALL '
+ 'SELECT ''-----| Execute sp_PivotExecute with parameters: columns and dimentions and main table name'' '
+ 'UNION ALL '
+ 'SELECT ''----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------'' '
+ 'UNION ALL '
+ 'SELECT ''EXEC [dbo].[sp_PivotExecute] #ColumnListWithActions, ' + '''''' + #TableName + '''''' + ';'''
+ 'UNION ALL '
+ 'SELECT ''----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------'' '
EXECUTE SP_EXECUTESQL #SQL_Code;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[sp_PivotExecute]
(
#ColumnListWithActions ColumnActionList ReadOnly
,#TableName nvarchar(128)
)
AS
--#######################################################################################################################
--###| Step 1 - Select our user-defined-table-variable into temp table
--#######################################################################################################################
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb.dbo.#ColumnListWithActions', 'U') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE #ColumnListWithActions;
SELECT * INTO #ColumnListWithActions FROM #ColumnListWithActions;
--#######################################################################################################################
--###| Step 2 - Preparing lists of column groups as strings:
--#######################################################################################################################
DECLARE #ColumnName nvarchar(128)
DECLARE #Destiny nchar(1)
DECLARE #ListOfColumns_Stable nvarchar(max)
DECLARE #ListOfColumns_Dimension nvarchar(max)
DECLARE #ListOfColumns_Variable nvarchar(max)
--############################
--###| Cursor for List of Stable Columns
--############################
DECLARE ColumnListStringCreator_S CURSOR FOR
SELECT [ColumnName]
FROM #ColumnListWithActions
WHERE [Action] = 'S'
OPEN ColumnListStringCreator_S;
FETCH NEXT FROM ColumnListStringCreator_S
INTO #ColumnName
WHILE ##FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
SELECT #ListOfColumns_Stable = ISNULL(#ListOfColumns_Stable, '') + ' [' + #ColumnName + '] ,';
FETCH NEXT FROM ColumnListStringCreator_S INTO #ColumnName
END
CLOSE ColumnListStringCreator_S;
DEALLOCATE ColumnListStringCreator_S;
--############################
--###| Cursor for List of Dimension Columns
--############################
DECLARE ColumnListStringCreator_D CURSOR FOR
SELECT [ColumnName]
FROM #ColumnListWithActions
WHERE [Action] = 'D'
OPEN ColumnListStringCreator_D;
FETCH NEXT FROM ColumnListStringCreator_D
INTO #ColumnName
WHILE ##FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
SELECT #ListOfColumns_Dimension = ISNULL(#ListOfColumns_Dimension, '') + ' [' + #ColumnName + '] ,';
FETCH NEXT FROM ColumnListStringCreator_D INTO #ColumnName
END
CLOSE ColumnListStringCreator_D;
DEALLOCATE ColumnListStringCreator_D;
--############################
--###| Cursor for List of Variable Columns
--############################
DECLARE ColumnListStringCreator_V CURSOR FOR
SELECT [ColumnName]
FROM #ColumnListWithActions
WHERE [Action] = 'V'
OPEN ColumnListStringCreator_V;
FETCH NEXT FROM ColumnListStringCreator_V
INTO #ColumnName
WHILE ##FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
SELECT #ListOfColumns_Variable = ISNULL(#ListOfColumns_Variable, '') + ' [' + #ColumnName + '] ,';
FETCH NEXT FROM ColumnListStringCreator_V INTO #ColumnName
END
CLOSE ColumnListStringCreator_V;
DEALLOCATE ColumnListStringCreator_V;
SELECT #ListOfColumns_Variable = LEFT(#ListOfColumns_Variable, LEN(#ListOfColumns_Variable) - 1);
SELECT #ListOfColumns_Dimension = LEFT(#ListOfColumns_Dimension, LEN(#ListOfColumns_Dimension) - 1);
SELECT #ListOfColumns_Stable = LEFT(#ListOfColumns_Stable, LEN(#ListOfColumns_Stable) - 1);
--#######################################################################################################################
--###| Step 3 - Preparing table with all possible connections between Dimension columns excluding NULLs
--#######################################################################################################################
DECLARE #DIM_TAB TABLE ([DIM_ID] smallint, [ColumnName] nvarchar(128))
INSERT INTO #DIM_TAB
SELECT [DIM_ID] = ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY [ColumnName]), [ColumnName] FROM #ColumnListWithActions WHERE [Action] = 'D';
DECLARE #DIM_ID smallint;
SELECT #DIM_ID = 1;
DECLARE #SQL_Dimentions nvarchar(max);
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb.dbo.##ALL_Dimentions', 'U') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE ##ALL_Dimentions;
SELECT #SQL_Dimentions = 'SELECT [xxx_ID_xxx] = ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY ' + #ListOfColumns_Dimension + '), ' + #ListOfColumns_Dimension
+ ' INTO ##ALL_Dimentions '
+ ' FROM (SELECT DISTINCT' + #ListOfColumns_Dimension + ' FROM ' + #TableName
+ ' WHERE ' + (SELECT [ColumnName] FROM #DIM_TAB WHERE [DIM_ID] = #DIM_ID) + ' IS NOT NULL ';
SELECT #DIM_ID = #DIM_ID + 1;
WHILE #DIM_ID <= (SELECT MAX([DIM_ID]) FROM #DIM_TAB)
BEGIN
SELECT #SQL_Dimentions = #SQL_Dimentions + 'AND ' + (SELECT [ColumnName] FROM #DIM_TAB WHERE [DIM_ID] = #DIM_ID) + ' IS NOT NULL ';
SELECT #DIM_ID = #DIM_ID + 1;
END
SELECT #SQL_Dimentions = #SQL_Dimentions + ' )x';
EXECUTE SP_EXECUTESQL #SQL_Dimentions;
--#######################################################################################################################
--###| Step 4 - Preparing table with all possible connections between Stable columns excluding NULLs
--#######################################################################################################################
DECLARE #StabPos_TAB TABLE ([StabPos_ID] smallint, [ColumnName] nvarchar(128))
INSERT INTO #StabPos_TAB
SELECT [StabPos_ID] = ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY [ColumnName]), [ColumnName] FROM #ColumnListWithActions WHERE [Action] = 'S';
DECLARE #StabPos_ID smallint;
SELECT #StabPos_ID = 1;
DECLARE #SQL_MainStableColumnTable nvarchar(max);
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb.dbo.##ALL_StableColumns', 'U') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE ##ALL_StableColumns;
SELECT #SQL_MainStableColumnTable = 'SELECT xxx_ID_xxx = ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY ' + #ListOfColumns_Stable + '), ' + #ListOfColumns_Stable
+ ' INTO ##ALL_StableColumns '
+ ' FROM (SELECT DISTINCT' + #ListOfColumns_Stable + ' FROM ' + #TableName
+ ' WHERE ' + (SELECT [ColumnName] FROM #StabPos_TAB WHERE [StabPos_ID] = #StabPos_ID) + ' IS NOT NULL ';
SELECT #StabPos_ID = #StabPos_ID + 1;
WHILE #StabPos_ID <= (SELECT MAX([StabPos_ID]) FROM #StabPos_TAB)
BEGIN
SELECT #SQL_MainStableColumnTable = #SQL_MainStableColumnTable + 'AND ' + (SELECT [ColumnName] FROM #StabPos_TAB WHERE [StabPos_ID] = #StabPos_ID) + ' IS NOT NULL ';
SELECT #StabPos_ID = #StabPos_ID + 1;
END
SELECT #SQL_MainStableColumnTable = #SQL_MainStableColumnTable + ' )x';
EXECUTE SP_EXECUTESQL #SQL_MainStableColumnTable;
--#######################################################################################################################
--###| Step 5 - Preparing table with all options ID
--#######################################################################################################################
DECLARE #FULL_SQL_1 NVARCHAR(MAX)
SELECT #FULL_SQL_1 = ''
DECLARE #i smallint
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb.dbo.##FinalTab', 'U') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE ##FinalTab;
SELECT #FULL_SQL_1 = 'SELECT t.*, dim.[xxx_ID_xxx] '
+ ' INTO ##FinalTab '
+ 'FROM ' + #TableName + ' t '
+ 'JOIN ##ALL_Dimentions dim '
+ 'ON t.' + (SELECT [ColumnName] FROM #DIM_TAB WHERE [DIM_ID] = 1) + ' = dim.' + (SELECT [ColumnName] FROM #DIM_TAB WHERE [DIM_ID] = 1);
SELECT #i = 2
WHILE #i <= (SELECT MAX([DIM_ID]) FROM #DIM_TAB)
BEGIN
SELECT #FULL_SQL_1 = #FULL_SQL_1 + ' AND t.' + (SELECT [ColumnName] FROM #DIM_TAB WHERE [DIM_ID] = #i) + ' = dim.' + (SELECT [ColumnName] FROM #DIM_TAB WHERE [DIM_ID] = #i)
SELECT #i = #i +1
END
EXECUTE SP_EXECUTESQL #FULL_SQL_1
--#######################################################################################################################
--###| Step 6 - Selecting final data
--#######################################################################################################################
DECLARE #STAB_TAB TABLE ([STAB_ID] smallint, [ColumnName] nvarchar(128))
INSERT INTO #STAB_TAB
SELECT [STAB_ID] = ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY [ColumnName]), [ColumnName]
FROM #ColumnListWithActions WHERE [Action] = 'S';
DECLARE #VAR_TAB TABLE ([VAR_ID] smallint, [ColumnName] nvarchar(128))
INSERT INTO #VAR_TAB
SELECT [VAR_ID] = ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY [ColumnName]), [ColumnName]
FROM #ColumnListWithActions WHERE [Action] = 'V';
DECLARE #y smallint;
DECLARE #x smallint;
DECLARE #z smallint;
DECLARE #FinalCode nvarchar(max)
SELECT #FinalCode = ' SELECT ID1.*'
SELECT #y = 1
WHILE #y <= (SELECT MAX([xxx_ID_xxx]) FROM ##FinalTab)
BEGIN
SELECT #z = 1
WHILE #z <= (SELECT MAX([VAR_ID]) FROM #VAR_TAB)
BEGIN
SELECT #FinalCode = #FinalCode + ', [ID' + CAST((#y) as varchar(10)) + '.' + (SELECT [ColumnName] FROM #VAR_TAB WHERE [VAR_ID] = #z) + '] = ID' + CAST((#y + 1) as varchar(10)) + '.' + (SELECT [ColumnName] FROM #VAR_TAB WHERE [VAR_ID] = #z)
SELECT #z = #z + 1
END
SELECT #y = #y + 1
END
SELECT #FinalCode = #FinalCode +
' FROM ( SELECT * FROM ##ALL_StableColumns)ID1';
SELECT #y = 1
WHILE #y <= (SELECT MAX([xxx_ID_xxx]) FROM ##FinalTab)
BEGIN
SELECT #x = 1
SELECT #FinalCode = #FinalCode
+ ' LEFT JOIN (SELECT ' + #ListOfColumns_Stable + ' , ' + #ListOfColumns_Variable
+ ' FROM ##FinalTab WHERE [xxx_ID_xxx] = '
+ CAST(#y as varchar(10)) + ' )ID' + CAST((#y + 1) as varchar(10))
+ ' ON 1 = 1'
WHILE #x <= (SELECT MAX([STAB_ID]) FROM #STAB_TAB)
BEGIN
SELECT #FinalCode = #FinalCode + ' AND ID1.' + (SELECT [ColumnName] FROM #STAB_TAB WHERE [STAB_ID] = #x) + ' = ID' + CAST((#y+1) as varchar(10)) + '.' + (SELECT [ColumnName] FROM #STAB_TAB WHERE [STAB_ID] = #x)
SELECT #x = #x +1
END
SELECT #y = #y + 1
END
SELECT * FROM ##ALL_Dimentions;
EXECUTE SP_EXECUTESQL #FinalCode;
From executing the first query (by passing source DB and table name) you will get a pre-created execution query for the second SP, all you have to do is define is the column from your source:
+ Stable
+ Value (will be used to concentrate values based on that)
+ Dim (column you want to use to pivot by)
Names and datatypes will be defined automatically!
I cant recommend it for any production environments but does the job for adhoc BI requests.
I modified Taryn's answer ("Pivot with unknown number of columnnames" version) to show more than 1 row in the result. This requires to have an additional "Group" column
DROP TABLE #yourtable
CREATE table #yourtable
([Id] int,[Group] int, [Value] varchar(6), [ColumnName] varchar(13))
;
INSERT INTO #yourtable
([Id],[Group], [Value], [ColumnName])
VALUES
(1,1, 'John', 'FirstName'),
(2,1, '2.4', 'Amount'),
(3,1, 'ZH1E4A', 'PostalCode'),
(4,1, 'Fork', 'LastName'),
(5,1, '857685', 'AccountNumber'),
(6,2, 'Pedro', 'FirstName'),
(7,2, '5.1', 'Amount'),
(8,2, '123456', 'PostalCode'),
(9,2, 'Torres', 'LastName'),
(10,2, '857686', 'AccountNumber')
;
;
DECLARE #cols AS NVARCHAR(MAX),
#query AS NVARCHAR(MAX)
select #cols = STUFF((SELECT ',' + QUOTENAME(ColumnName)
from #yourtable
group by [Group], ColumnName, id
having [group] = (SELECT TOP 1 MIN([Group])FROM #yourtable)
order by id
FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)')
,1,1,'')
set #query = N'SELECT ' + #cols + N' from
(
select value, ColumnName,[Group]
from #yourtable
GROUP BY [Group],ColumnName,Value
) x
pivot
(
max(value)
for ColumnName in (' + #cols + N')
) p '
exec sp_executesql #query;
Please try
CREATE TABLE pvt (Present int, [Absent] int);
GO
INSERT INTO pvt VALUES (10,40);
GO
--Unpivot the table.
SELECT Code, Value
FROM
(SELECT Present, Absent
FROM pvt) p
UNPIVOT
(Value FOR Code IN
(Present, [Absent])
)AS unpvt;
GO
DROP TABLE pvt
One more option which could be very useful is using CROSS APPLY
-- Original data
SELECT * FROM (VALUES ('1', 1, 2, 3),('2', 11, 22, 33)) AS Stage(id,col1,col2,col3)
-- row to columns using CROSS APPLY
SELECT Stage.id,v.idd, v.colc
FROM (VALUES ('1', 1, 2, 3),('2', 11, 22, 33)) AS Stage(id,col1,col2,col3)
CROSS APPLY (VALUES ('col1', col1),('col2', col2),('col3', col3)) AS v(idd,colc)
GO
Can you help me how to use DISTINCT in this query?
DECLARE #ReadData NVARCHAR(MAX);
SET #ReadData = 'SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY RM.ReceiverDate) AS [S. No.]
,DISTINCT RM.ReceiverId
,RM.ReceiverDateas [Receiver Date]
,VM.VendorName as [Vendor Name]
,VM.VendorID
FROM Receiver RM
LEFT OUTER JOIN VendorMaster VM on VM.VendorID = RM.VendorId
WHERE ['+ #ColumnName + '] LIKE
CASE WHEN ' + #Filter+ ' = 0 THEN ''%' + #Value + '%'''+
' WHEN ' + #Filter + ' = 1 THEN '''+ #Value + '%'''+
' WHEN ' + #Filter + ' = 2 THEN ''%' + #Value +''' END
AND VM.IsActive = 1
AND RM.VendorID = CASE WHEN ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR, #VendorID) + ' = ''-1'' THEN RM.VendorID
ELSE '+ CONVERT(VARCHAR, #VendorID) +' END
AND (RM.ReceiverDate BETWEEN ' + CHAR(39) + CONVERT(VARCHAR(23), #FromDate, 126) + CHAR(39) +' AND ' + CHAR(39) + CONVERT(VARCHAR(23), #ToDate, 126) + CHAR(39) +')
ORDER BY RM.ReceiverDate '
My question is: how to add DISTINCT to the ReceiverId ?
I get this error:
Incorrect syntax near the keyword 'DISTINCT'.
in the C# code behind
with cte
as
(
Select ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY ReceiverId ORDER BY ReceiverId ) AS dupCount, *
from(
SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY ReceivedDate) AS [S. No.]
,RM.ReceiverId
,RM.ReceiverName'
,VM.VendorName
, XYZ columns .....
From Receiver RM
LEFT OUTER JOIN VendorMaster VM on VM.VendorID = RM.VendorId
) tab
)
select S. No.
,ReceiverId
,ReceiverName
,VendorName
, XYZ columns
from cte
where dupcount=1;
try using cte.
DECLARE #ReadData NVARCHAR(MAX);
set #ReadData = 'SELECT *
,ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY ReceivedDate) AS [S. No.]
FROM (SELECT DISTINCT ReceiverId,
ReceivedDate
,ReceiverName
, XYZ columns .....
From Receiver .........
INNER JOIN .......)'
You can't use the row_number and distinct on same level.
I have the following code which will create a comma delimited list for my results:
DECLARE #listStr VARCHAR(MAX)
SELECT #listStr = COALESCE(#listStr+', ' ,'') + INSTITUTIONNAME
FROM EDUCATION
WHERE STUDENTNUMBER= '111'
SELECT #listStr
The problem is its creating one massive comma delimited line. I need it to return a comma separated list per row.
So if Simon has been part of 2 institutions, then i expect:
"INSTITUTION1, INSTITUTION2"
As i didnt supply a where clause i expect my results to show up like this for each row in the database.
Update (As suggested by #Aaron in the comment)
STRING_AGG is the preferred way of doing this in the modern versions of SQL Server (2017 or later). It also supports easy ordering.
SELECT
STUDENTNUMBER
, STRING_AGG(INSTITUTIONNAME, ', ') AS StringAggList
, STRING_AGG(INSTITUTIONNAME, ', ') WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY INSTITUTIONNAME DESC) AS StringAggListDesc
FROM Education E
GROUP BY E.STUDENTNUMBER;
Original Answer:
Use FOR XML PATH('') - which is converting the entries to a comma separated string and STUFF() -which is to trim the first comma- as follows Which gives you the same comma separated result
SELECT
STUFF((SELECT ',' + INSTITUTIONNAME
FROM EDUCATION EE
WHERE EE.STUDENTNUMBER = E.STUDENTNUMBER
ORDER BY sortOrder
FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE).value('text()[1]', 'nvarchar(max)')
, 1, LEN(','), '') AS XmlPathList
FROM EDUCATION E
GROUP BY E.STUDENTNUMBER
Here is the FIDDLE showing results for both STRING_AGG and FOR XML PATH('').
For Sql Server 2017 and later you can use the new STRING_AGG function
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/functions/string-agg-transact-sql
The following example replaces null values with 'N/A' and returns the
names separated by commas in a single result cell.
SELECT STRING_AGG ( ISNULL(FirstName,'N/A'), ',') AS csv
FROM Person.Person;
Here is the result set.
John,N/A,Mike,Peter,N/A,N/A,Alice,Bob
Perhaps a more common use case is to group together and then aggregate, just like you would with SUM, COUNT or AVG.
SELECT a.articleId, title, STRING_AGG (tag, ',') AS tags
FROM dbo.Article AS a
LEFT JOIN dbo.ArticleTag AS t
ON a.ArticleId = t.ArticleId
GROUP BY a.articleId, title;
this works in sql server 2016
USE AdventureWorks
GO
DECLARE #listStr VARCHAR(MAX)
SELECT #listStr = COALESCE(#listStr+',' ,'') + Name
FROM Production.Product
SELECT #listStr
GO
If you're stuck with SQL Server <2017, you can use GroupConcat. The syntax and the performance is far better than the FOR XML PATH sollution.
Installation:
-- https://codeplexarchive.blob.core.windows.net/archive/projects/groupconcat/groupconcat.zip
create assembly [GroupConcat] from 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with permission_set = safe;
create aggregate [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT] (#VALUE [nvarchar](4000)) returns[nvarchar](max) external name [GroupConcat].[GroupConcat.GROUP_CONCAT];
create aggregate [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_D] (#VALUE [nvarchar](4000), #DELIMITER [nvarchar](4)) returns[nvarchar](max) external name [GroupConcat].[GroupConcat.GROUP_CONCAT_D];
create aggregate [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_DS] (#VALUE [nvarchar](4000), #DELIMITER [nvarchar](4), #SORT_ORDER [tinyint]) returns[nvarchar](max) external name [GroupConcat].[GroupConcat.GROUP_CONCAT_DS];
create aggregate [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_S] (#VALUE [nvarchar](4000), #SORT_ORDER [tinyint]) returns[nvarchar](max) external name [GroupConcat].[GroupConcat.GROUP_CONCAT_S];
go
Usage:
declare #liststr varchar(max)
select #liststr = dbo.group_concat_d(institutionname, ',')
from education
where studentnumber = '111'
group by studentnumber;
select #liststr
GroupConcat does not support ordering, though. You could use PIVOT, CTE's and windows functions if you need ordering:
drop table if exists #students;
create table #students (
name varchar(20),
institution varchar(20),
year int -- order by year
)
go
insert into #students(name, institution, year)
values
('Simon', 'INSTITUTION1', 2005),
('Simon', 'INSTITUTION2', 2008);
with cte as (
select name,
institution,
rn = row_number() over (partition by name order by year)
from #students
)
select name,
[1] +
isnull((',' + [2]), '') +
isnull((',' + [3]), '') +
isnull((',' + [4]), '') +
isnull((',' + [5]), '') +
isnull((',' + [6]), '') +
isnull((',' + [7]), '') +
isnull((',' + [8]), '') +
isnull((',' + [9]), '') +
isnull((',' + [10]), '') +
isnull((',' + [11]), '') +
isnull((',' + [12]), '') +
isnull((',' + [13]), '') +
isnull((',' + [14]), '') +
isnull((',' + [15]), '') +
isnull((',' + [16]), '') +
isnull((',' + [17]), '') +
isnull((',' + [18]), '') +
isnull((',' + [19]), '') +
isnull((',' + [20]), '')
from cte
pivot (
max(institution)
for rn in ([1], [2], [3], [4],[5],[6],[7],[8],[9],[10],[11],[12],[13],[14],[15],[16],[17],[18],[19],[20])
) as piv
I just saw another question very similar to this!
Here is the canonical NORTHWIND (spelled just slightly different for some reason) database example.
SELECT *
FROM [NORTHWND].[dbo].[Products]
SELECT CategoryId,
MAX( CASE seq WHEN 1 THEN ProductName ELSE '' END ) + ', ' +
MAX( CASE seq WHEN 2 THEN ProductName ELSE '' END ) + ', ' +
MAX( CASE seq WHEN 3 THEN ProductName ELSE '' END ) + ', ' +
MAX( CASE seq WHEN 4 THEN ProductName ELSE '' END )
FROM ( SELECT p1.CategoryId, p1.ProductName,
( SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM NORTHWND.dbo.Products p2
WHERE p2.CategoryId = p1.CategoryId
AND p2.ProductName <= p1.ProductName )
FROM NORTHWND.dbo.Products p1 ) D ( CategoryId, ProductName, seq )
GROUP BY CategoryId ;
How can I join (inner) the two datatable dt1 and dt2 that have dynamic coloumn. using stored procedure in dynamic sql.
dt1 contains
emp id empname SickLeave Casualleave
1 h 1
dt2 contains
empid empname SickLeave Casualleave
1 h 5 5
I have to show output like
empid empname SickLeave Casualleave
1 h 1/5 0/5
Please guide me
Thanks
You can do this using STUFF() like this:
WITH CTE(empid, empname, SickLeave, Casualleave)
AS (SELECT * FROM dt1
UNION ALL
SELECT * FROM dt2
)
SELECT distinct empid, empname
, SickLeave =
STUFF((SELECT ' / ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(20),[SickLeave])
FROM CTE b
WHERE b.empid = a.empid
FOR XML PATH('')), 1, 2, '')
, Casualleave =
STUFF((SELECT ' / ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(20),[Casualleave])
FROM CTE C
WHERE C.empid = a.empid
FOR XML PATH('')), 1, 2, '')
FROM CTE a
GROUP BY Empid, empname;
Output:
| EMPID | EMPNAME | SICKLEAVE | CASUALLEAVE |
---------------------------------------------
| 1 | h | 1 / 5 | 0 / 5 |
See this SQLFiddle
You don't need dynamic SQL...
SELECT emp_id
, empname
, dt1_sickleave + '/' + dt2_sickleave As sickleave
, dt1_casualleave + '/' + dt2_casualleave As casualleave
FROM (
SELECT Coalesce(dt1.emp_id, dt2.emp_id) As emp_id
, Coalesce(dt1.empname, dt2.empname) As empname
, Cast(Coalesce(dt1.sickleave , 0) As varchar(10)) As dt1_sickleave
, Cast(Coalesce(dt1.casualleave, 0) As varchar(10)) As dt1_casualleave
, Cast(Coalesce(dt2.sickleave , 0) As varchar(10)) As dt2_sickleave
, Cast(Coalesce(dt2.casualleave, 0) As varchar(10)) As dt2_casualleave
FROM dt1
FULL
JOIN dt2
ON dt2.emp_id = dt1.emp_id
) As x
select t1.[empid],t1.[empname],
Cast(COALESCE(t1.[SickLeave],0) as char)
+'/'
+cast(COALESCE(t2.[SickLeave],0) as char) as SickLeave,
Cast(COALESCE(t1.[Casualleave],0) as char)
+'/'
+cast(COALESCE(t2.[Casualleave],0) as char) as Casualleave
from Table1 t1 inner join Table2 t2 on
t1.[empid]=t2.[empid];
fiddle
So maybe this will do what you want. This query gets all the column names from sys.columns named like '%leave%' where the table is either dt1or dt2 and builds a dynamic query that it then executes. It relies on the sys.columns and sys.tables (which might be bad) and has the source table names dt1and dt2hard coded.
In my opinion this is not a good solution, and the correct solution to the problem might be to alter the data model so that leavebecomes an entity of it's own.
I've commented out the EXECUTEat the end and left the PRINTin so you can see what the query will do before executing it.
DECLARE #Columns VARCHAR(MAX)
SELECT #Columns = COALESCE(#Columns + ',' + name + '', '' + name + '') FROM (
SELECT DISTINCT
'CAST(ISNULL(dt1.' + name + ',0) AS VARCHAR) + ''/'' + CAST(dt2.' + name + ' AS VARCHAR) AS ' + name + ' ' AS name
FROM sys.columns
WHERE NAME LIKE '%leave%'
AND object_id IN (SELECT object_id FROM sys.tables WHERE name IN ('dt1', 'dt2'))) LeaveColumns
DECLARE #SQL NVARCHAR(MAX)
SET #SQL = N'
SELECT
dt1.empid,
dt1.empname, ' + #Columns + '
FROM dt1
INNER JOIN dt2 ON dt1.empid=dt2.empid'
PRINT #SQL -- Uncomment to see the query which will be run
--EXECUTE(#SQL)
For me this gives the following output (with a slightly altered table structure where I included more leavecolumns):
SELECT
dt1.empid,
dt1.empname,
CAST(ISNULL(dt1.casualleave,0) AS VARCHAR) + '/' + CAST(dt2.casualleave AS VARCHAR) AS casualleave ,
CAST(ISNULL(dt1.sickleave,0) AS VARCHAR) + '/' + CAST(dt2.sickleave AS VARCHAR) AS sickleave ,
CAST(ISNULL(dt1.someotherleave,0) AS VARCHAR) + '/' + CAST(dt2.someotherleave AS VARCHAR) AS someotherleave ,
CAST(ISNULL(dt1.yetanotherleave,0) AS VARCHAR) + '/' + CAST(dt2.yetanotherleave AS VARCHAR) AS yetanotherleave
FROM dt1
INNER JOIN dt2 ON dt1.empid=dt2.empid