I have the following code which will create a comma delimited list for my results:
DECLARE #listStr VARCHAR(MAX)
SELECT #listStr = COALESCE(#listStr+', ' ,'') + INSTITUTIONNAME
FROM EDUCATION
WHERE STUDENTNUMBER= '111'
SELECT #listStr
The problem is its creating one massive comma delimited line. I need it to return a comma separated list per row.
So if Simon has been part of 2 institutions, then i expect:
"INSTITUTION1, INSTITUTION2"
As i didnt supply a where clause i expect my results to show up like this for each row in the database.
Update (As suggested by #Aaron in the comment)
STRING_AGG is the preferred way of doing this in the modern versions of SQL Server (2017 or later). It also supports easy ordering.
SELECT
STUDENTNUMBER
, STRING_AGG(INSTITUTIONNAME, ', ') AS StringAggList
, STRING_AGG(INSTITUTIONNAME, ', ') WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY INSTITUTIONNAME DESC) AS StringAggListDesc
FROM Education E
GROUP BY E.STUDENTNUMBER;
Original Answer:
Use FOR XML PATH('') - which is converting the entries to a comma separated string and STUFF() -which is to trim the first comma- as follows Which gives you the same comma separated result
SELECT
STUFF((SELECT ',' + INSTITUTIONNAME
FROM EDUCATION EE
WHERE EE.STUDENTNUMBER = E.STUDENTNUMBER
ORDER BY sortOrder
FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE).value('text()[1]', 'nvarchar(max)')
, 1, LEN(','), '') AS XmlPathList
FROM EDUCATION E
GROUP BY E.STUDENTNUMBER
Here is the FIDDLE showing results for both STRING_AGG and FOR XML PATH('').
For Sql Server 2017 and later you can use the new STRING_AGG function
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/functions/string-agg-transact-sql
The following example replaces null values with 'N/A' and returns the
names separated by commas in a single result cell.
SELECT STRING_AGG ( ISNULL(FirstName,'N/A'), ',') AS csv
FROM Person.Person;
Here is the result set.
John,N/A,Mike,Peter,N/A,N/A,Alice,Bob
Perhaps a more common use case is to group together and then aggregate, just like you would with SUM, COUNT or AVG.
SELECT a.articleId, title, STRING_AGG (tag, ',') AS tags
FROM dbo.Article AS a
LEFT JOIN dbo.ArticleTag AS t
ON a.ArticleId = t.ArticleId
GROUP BY a.articleId, title;
this works in sql server 2016
USE AdventureWorks
GO
DECLARE #listStr VARCHAR(MAX)
SELECT #listStr = COALESCE(#listStr+',' ,'') + Name
FROM Production.Product
SELECT #listStr
GO
If you're stuck with SQL Server <2017, you can use GroupConcat. The syntax and the performance is far better than the FOR XML PATH sollution.
Installation:
-- https://codeplexarchive.blob.core.windows.net/archive/projects/groupconcat/groupconcat.zip
create assembly [GroupConcat] from 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with permission_set = safe;
create aggregate [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT] (#VALUE [nvarchar](4000)) returns[nvarchar](max) external name [GroupConcat].[GroupConcat.GROUP_CONCAT];
create aggregate [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_D] (#VALUE [nvarchar](4000), #DELIMITER [nvarchar](4)) returns[nvarchar](max) external name [GroupConcat].[GroupConcat.GROUP_CONCAT_D];
create aggregate [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_DS] (#VALUE [nvarchar](4000), #DELIMITER [nvarchar](4), #SORT_ORDER [tinyint]) returns[nvarchar](max) external name [GroupConcat].[GroupConcat.GROUP_CONCAT_DS];
create aggregate [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_S] (#VALUE [nvarchar](4000), #SORT_ORDER [tinyint]) returns[nvarchar](max) external name [GroupConcat].[GroupConcat.GROUP_CONCAT_S];
go
Usage:
declare #liststr varchar(max)
select #liststr = dbo.group_concat_d(institutionname, ',')
from education
where studentnumber = '111'
group by studentnumber;
select #liststr
GroupConcat does not support ordering, though. You could use PIVOT, CTE's and windows functions if you need ordering:
drop table if exists #students;
create table #students (
name varchar(20),
institution varchar(20),
year int -- order by year
)
go
insert into #students(name, institution, year)
values
('Simon', 'INSTITUTION1', 2005),
('Simon', 'INSTITUTION2', 2008);
with cte as (
select name,
institution,
rn = row_number() over (partition by name order by year)
from #students
)
select name,
[1] +
isnull((',' + [2]), '') +
isnull((',' + [3]), '') +
isnull((',' + [4]), '') +
isnull((',' + [5]), '') +
isnull((',' + [6]), '') +
isnull((',' + [7]), '') +
isnull((',' + [8]), '') +
isnull((',' + [9]), '') +
isnull((',' + [10]), '') +
isnull((',' + [11]), '') +
isnull((',' + [12]), '') +
isnull((',' + [13]), '') +
isnull((',' + [14]), '') +
isnull((',' + [15]), '') +
isnull((',' + [16]), '') +
isnull((',' + [17]), '') +
isnull((',' + [18]), '') +
isnull((',' + [19]), '') +
isnull((',' + [20]), '')
from cte
pivot (
max(institution)
for rn in ([1], [2], [3], [4],[5],[6],[7],[8],[9],[10],[11],[12],[13],[14],[15],[16],[17],[18],[19],[20])
) as piv
I just saw another question very similar to this!
Here is the canonical NORTHWIND (spelled just slightly different for some reason) database example.
SELECT *
FROM [NORTHWND].[dbo].[Products]
SELECT CategoryId,
MAX( CASE seq WHEN 1 THEN ProductName ELSE '' END ) + ', ' +
MAX( CASE seq WHEN 2 THEN ProductName ELSE '' END ) + ', ' +
MAX( CASE seq WHEN 3 THEN ProductName ELSE '' END ) + ', ' +
MAX( CASE seq WHEN 4 THEN ProductName ELSE '' END )
FROM ( SELECT p1.CategoryId, p1.ProductName,
( SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM NORTHWND.dbo.Products p2
WHERE p2.CategoryId = p1.CategoryId
AND p2.ProductName <= p1.ProductName )
FROM NORTHWND.dbo.Products p1 ) D ( CategoryId, ProductName, seq )
GROUP BY CategoryId ;
Related
I would like to sort the columns, but I get the following error:
The ORDER BY clause is invalid in views, inline functions, derived tables, subqueries, and common table expressions, unless TOP, OFFSET or FOR XML is also specified.
The years select query returns them in order, but they are shuffled when handled by the COALESCE function.
How can I prevent this? Or even better, control the sorting?
NOTE: The sorting works if I put a TOP 10 in the subquery. Super weird...
-- variables
DECLARE #sql AS varchar(max)
DECLARE #pivot_list AS varchar(max) -- Leave NULL for COALESCE technique
DECLARE #select_list AS varchar(max) -- Leave NULL for COALESCE technique
-- columns
SELECT -- top 10 makes the sorting work
-- [2018], [2020], [2017], [2019] -- not ordered
#pivot_list = COALESCE(#pivot_list + ', ', '') + '[' + PIVOT_COLUMN + ']',
#select_list = COALESCE(#select_list + ', ', '') + 'ISNULL([' + PIVOT_COLUMN + '], 0) as [' + PIVOT_COLUMN + ']'
FROM (
SELECT
-- 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 -- ordered
cast(year(addate) as nvarchar(4)) as PIVOT_COLUMN
FROM tHE_Move M
where addate >= '01.01.2017'
group by year(addate)
-- order by year(addate) asc -- <-------------------------------------- doesn't work
) as PIVOT_COLUMNS
-- query
SET #sql = '
; WITH PivotData AS (
select
shop,
y AS PIVOT_COLUMN,
sum(revenueNoVAT) revenueNoVAT
from (
SELECT
SS.acName2 shop,
year(m.addate) y,
MI.anPVVATBase revenueNoVAT
FROM tHE_MoveItem MI
JOIN tHE_Move M ON MI.acKey = M.acKey
JOIN tHE_SetSubj SS ON M.acIssuer = SS.acSubject
WHERE m.acDocType in (
' + '''3210''' + ',
' + '''3220''' + ',
' + '''3230''' + ',
' + '''3240''' + '
)
) t1
group by
shop,
y
)
SELECT shop, ' + #select_list + '
FROM PivotData
PIVOT (
sum(revenueNoVAT)
FOR PIVOT_COLUMN
IN (' + #pivot_list + ')
) piv
order by shop desc
'
-- execution
EXEC (#sql)
So i have this dynamic query that returns a result set having dynamic number of columns like so:
In this result set we have columns for ID, FacilityName and cycleNum will always be there but number of task columns can vary Task1, Task2, Task3..... upto Taskn.
The final result set I need is as follows:
For this i have tried this query:
Select distinct FacilityName,
substring(
(
Select ',' + a
From (SELECT ID, FacilityName, 'Cycle-'+ cast(CycleNum as varchar)+'::' + 'Task1~' + cast(Task1 as varchar) + ',Task2~' + cast(Task2 as varchar) + ',Task3~' + cast(Task3 as varchar) + ';' as a FROM #tempTable) ST1
Where ST1.FacilityName = ST2.FacilityName
ORDER BY ST1.FacilityName
For XML PATH ('')
), 2, 1000) CycleData
From (SELECT ID, FacilityName, 'Cycle-'+ cast(CycleNum as varchar)+'::' + 'Task1~' + cast(Task1 as varchar) + ',Task2~' + cast(Task2 as varchar) + ',Task3~' + cast(Task3 as varchar)+ ';' as a FROM #tempTable) ST2
This will work with following test data:
create table #tempTable
(
ID int,
FacilityName varchar(50),
CycleNum int,
Task1 datetime,
Task2 datetime,
Task3 datetime
)
Insert into #tempTable values
(1, 'A', 1, convert(varchar(10), getdate(), 126), convert(varchar(10), dateadd(day,1,getdate()), 126), convert(varchar(10), dateadd(day,2,getdate()), 126)),
(2, 'A', 2, convert(varchar(10), getdate(), 126), convert(varchar(10), dateadd(day,1,getdate()), 126), convert(varchar(10), dateadd(day,2,getdate()), 126)),
(3, 'B', 1, convert(varchar(10), getdate(), 126), convert(varchar(10), dateadd(day,1,getdate()), 126), convert(varchar(10), dateadd(day,2,getdate()), 126)),
(4, 'B', 2, convert(varchar(10), getdate(), 126), convert(varchar(10), dateadd(day,1,getdate()), 126), convert(varchar(10), dateadd(day,2,getdate()), 126))
But I cant think of any way to extend this to use dynamic columns. The list of all columns is saved in a master table so we can get comma-separated list of columns from there if needed.
Here is a dynamic way
Slightly different approach from your static query. To make it dynamic, Use while loop or CURSOR to generate the Task1 + Task2 + ..TaskN. Then use it in Select query.
DECLARE #columns VARCHAR(50)='Task1,Task2,Task3', -- Pass the list of column names
#int INT = 1,
#sql VARCHAR(8000)
SET #sql = ' ;WITH cte
AS (SELECT *,
''Cycle-'' + Cast(CycleNum AS VARCHAR(10)) + ''::'' '
WHILE #int <= Len(#columns) - Len(Replace(#columns, ',', '')) -- To find the number of Tasks in list
BEGIN
SET #sql += + '+''Task' + Cast(#int AS VARCHAR(10))
+ '~''+' + 'Cast(Task'
+ Cast(#int AS VARCHAR(10))
+ ' AS VARCHAR(50)) + '','''
SET #int += 1
END
SET #sql += ' AS concat_dates
FROM #tempTable)
SELECT DISTINCT FacilityName,
LEFT(CycleData, Len(CycleData) - 1)
FROM cte a
CROSS apply(SELECT b.concat_dates + '',''
FROM cte b
WHERE a.FacilityName = b.FacilityName
FOR xml path('''')) cs (CycleData)
'
--print #sql -- uncomment it to debug if you have any error when executing dynamic code
EXEC (#sql)
Not to worry about the usage of While Loop/CURSOR since we are not doing any resource intensive operations inside the loop.
Static Query will looking like this
;WITH cte
AS (SELECT *,
'Cycle-' + Cast(CycleNum AS VARCHAR(10))
+ '::' + 'Task1~' + Cast(Task1 AS VARCHAR(50))
+ ',' + 'Task2~' + Cast(Task2 AS VARCHAR(50))
+ ',' AS concat_dates
FROM #tempTable)
SELECT DISTINCT FacilityName,
LEFT(CycleData, Len(CycleData) - 1)
FROM cte a
CROSS apply(SELECT b.concat_dates + ','
FROM cte b
WHERE a.FacilityName = b.FacilityName
FOR xml path('')) cs (CycleData)
Use system tables. I prefer short and effective solutions :). This is guide, I'm sure you can finish it yourself with concentating strings (if you are not sure, add comment and I will add whole code or more description).
declare #columns varchar(max)
SELECT #columns = isnull(#columns + '+', '') + '''' + COLUMN_NAME + '~'' + Cast(' + COLUMN_NAME + ' as varchar(50))'
FROM tempdb.INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS c
WHERE c.TABLE_NAME like '#tempTable%'
AND c.COLUMN_NAME LIKE 'Task%' -- filter columns you are interested in
declare #sql varchar(4000) = 'select *, ' + #columns + ' from #tempTable'
print #sql
exec (#sql)
How can I join (inner) the two datatable dt1 and dt2 that have dynamic coloumn. using stored procedure in dynamic sql.
dt1 contains
emp id empname SickLeave Casualleave
1 h 1
dt2 contains
empid empname SickLeave Casualleave
1 h 5 5
I have to show output like
empid empname SickLeave Casualleave
1 h 1/5 0/5
Please guide me
Thanks
You can do this using STUFF() like this:
WITH CTE(empid, empname, SickLeave, Casualleave)
AS (SELECT * FROM dt1
UNION ALL
SELECT * FROM dt2
)
SELECT distinct empid, empname
, SickLeave =
STUFF((SELECT ' / ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(20),[SickLeave])
FROM CTE b
WHERE b.empid = a.empid
FOR XML PATH('')), 1, 2, '')
, Casualleave =
STUFF((SELECT ' / ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(20),[Casualleave])
FROM CTE C
WHERE C.empid = a.empid
FOR XML PATH('')), 1, 2, '')
FROM CTE a
GROUP BY Empid, empname;
Output:
| EMPID | EMPNAME | SICKLEAVE | CASUALLEAVE |
---------------------------------------------
| 1 | h | 1 / 5 | 0 / 5 |
See this SQLFiddle
You don't need dynamic SQL...
SELECT emp_id
, empname
, dt1_sickleave + '/' + dt2_sickleave As sickleave
, dt1_casualleave + '/' + dt2_casualleave As casualleave
FROM (
SELECT Coalesce(dt1.emp_id, dt2.emp_id) As emp_id
, Coalesce(dt1.empname, dt2.empname) As empname
, Cast(Coalesce(dt1.sickleave , 0) As varchar(10)) As dt1_sickleave
, Cast(Coalesce(dt1.casualleave, 0) As varchar(10)) As dt1_casualleave
, Cast(Coalesce(dt2.sickleave , 0) As varchar(10)) As dt2_sickleave
, Cast(Coalesce(dt2.casualleave, 0) As varchar(10)) As dt2_casualleave
FROM dt1
FULL
JOIN dt2
ON dt2.emp_id = dt1.emp_id
) As x
select t1.[empid],t1.[empname],
Cast(COALESCE(t1.[SickLeave],0) as char)
+'/'
+cast(COALESCE(t2.[SickLeave],0) as char) as SickLeave,
Cast(COALESCE(t1.[Casualleave],0) as char)
+'/'
+cast(COALESCE(t2.[Casualleave],0) as char) as Casualleave
from Table1 t1 inner join Table2 t2 on
t1.[empid]=t2.[empid];
fiddle
So maybe this will do what you want. This query gets all the column names from sys.columns named like '%leave%' where the table is either dt1or dt2 and builds a dynamic query that it then executes. It relies on the sys.columns and sys.tables (which might be bad) and has the source table names dt1and dt2hard coded.
In my opinion this is not a good solution, and the correct solution to the problem might be to alter the data model so that leavebecomes an entity of it's own.
I've commented out the EXECUTEat the end and left the PRINTin so you can see what the query will do before executing it.
DECLARE #Columns VARCHAR(MAX)
SELECT #Columns = COALESCE(#Columns + ',' + name + '', '' + name + '') FROM (
SELECT DISTINCT
'CAST(ISNULL(dt1.' + name + ',0) AS VARCHAR) + ''/'' + CAST(dt2.' + name + ' AS VARCHAR) AS ' + name + ' ' AS name
FROM sys.columns
WHERE NAME LIKE '%leave%'
AND object_id IN (SELECT object_id FROM sys.tables WHERE name IN ('dt1', 'dt2'))) LeaveColumns
DECLARE #SQL NVARCHAR(MAX)
SET #SQL = N'
SELECT
dt1.empid,
dt1.empname, ' + #Columns + '
FROM dt1
INNER JOIN dt2 ON dt1.empid=dt2.empid'
PRINT #SQL -- Uncomment to see the query which will be run
--EXECUTE(#SQL)
For me this gives the following output (with a slightly altered table structure where I included more leavecolumns):
SELECT
dt1.empid,
dt1.empname,
CAST(ISNULL(dt1.casualleave,0) AS VARCHAR) + '/' + CAST(dt2.casualleave AS VARCHAR) AS casualleave ,
CAST(ISNULL(dt1.sickleave,0) AS VARCHAR) + '/' + CAST(dt2.sickleave AS VARCHAR) AS sickleave ,
CAST(ISNULL(dt1.someotherleave,0) AS VARCHAR) + '/' + CAST(dt2.someotherleave AS VARCHAR) AS someotherleave ,
CAST(ISNULL(dt1.yetanotherleave,0) AS VARCHAR) + '/' + CAST(dt2.yetanotherleave AS VARCHAR) AS yetanotherleave
FROM dt1
INNER JOIN dt2 ON dt1.empid=dt2.empid
I have following query:
SELECT ChallanNo+'-'+CONVERT(VARCHAR(12),ChallanDate,106)
FROM Challan WHERE ChallanID IN
(SELECT ChallanID FROM ChallanDetail WHERE PTUID=42192)
This query result will be :
151468-29 May 2012
151591-31 May 2012
Now I need a string like this :
151468-29 May 2012, 151591-31 May 2012
Thanks for response
On versions of SQL Server < 2017, you had to use STUFF and a FOR XML PATH subquery.
SELECT STUFF((SELECT ', ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(32), ChallanNo)
+ '-' + CONVERT(CHAR(11), ChallanDate, 106)
FROM dbo.Challan WHERE ChallanID IN
(SELECT ChallanID FROM dbo.ChallanDetail WHERE PTUID = 42192)
FOR XML PATH(''),
TYPE).value(N'./text()[1]', N'varchar(max)'), 1, 2, '');
In 2017+, you should definitely switch to STRING_AGG():
SELECT STRING_AGG(CONCAT(c.ChallanNo, '-',
CONVERT(char(11), c.ChallanDate, 106)), ', ')
FROM dbo.Challan AS c
WHERE EXISTS
(
SELECT 1 FROM dbo.ChallanDetail AS cd
WHERE cd.ChallanID = c.ChallanID
AND cd.PTUID = 42192
);
declare #result varchar(max) = ''
select #result = #result + ChallanNo + '-' +
CONVERT(VARCHAR(12),ChallanDate,106) + ','
from ...
-- remove trailing ,
select left(#result, len(#result) - 1)
I'm trying to select the hierarchy of a product category tree in SQL.
My code looks as follows. I'm trying to achieve a dynamic sort order, using IF or Case When on the SortOrder parameter.
The commented line should be active if #SortOrder is equal to 'sortorder'. I tried to add If Else statement around it, but I failed...
Can you help?
CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[ProductCategory_SelectHierarchy]
#SortOrder varchar(30)
AS
SET NOCOUNT ON;
WITH Categories (Id,ParentId,SortOrder,RowOrder) as
(
SELECT parentCategory.Id,
parentCategory.ParentId,
parentCategory.SortOrder,
--cast(REPLACE(STR(parentCategory.SortOrder, 8), ' ', '0') as varchar(30)) 'RowOrder'
cast(CAST(DATEPART(YEAR, parentCategory.DateCreated) as varchar(4)) +
CAST(DATEPART(MONTH, parentCategory.DateCreated) as varchar(2)) +
CAST(DATEPART(DD, parentCategory.DateCreated) as varchar(2)) +
CAST(DATEPART(HOUR, parentCategory.DateCreated) as varchar(2)) as varchar(50)) 'RowOrder'
FROM ProductCategories parentCategory
WHERE ParentId = 0
UNION ALL
SELECT childCategories.Id,
childCategories.ParentId,
childCategories.SortOrder,
--cast(Categories.RowOrder + REPLACE(STR(childCategories.SortOrder, 8), ' ', '0') as varchar(30)) 'RowOrder'
cast(Categories.RowOrder + '/' + CAST(DATEPART(YEAR, childCategories.DateCreated) as varchar(4)) +
CAST(DATEPART(MONTH, childCategories.DateCreated) as varchar(2)) +
CAST(DATEPART(DD, childCategories.DateCreated) as varchar(2)) +
CAST(DATEPART(HOUR, childCategories.DateCreated) as varchar(2)) as varchar(50)) 'RowOrder'
FROM ProductCategories childCategories
JOIN Categories
ON childCategories.ParentId = Categories.Id
)
SELECT pc.*, Categories.RowOrder
FROM Categories
INNER JOIN ProductCategories pc ON pc.Id = Categories.Id
ORDER BY RowOrder
You should be able to sort it like so:
ORDER BY
CASE
WHEN #SortOrder = 'date_column' THEN CONVERT(VARCHAR(20), date_column, 120)
WHEN #SortOrder = 'customer_id' THEN RIGHT(REPLICATE('0', 20) + CAST(customer_id AS VARCHAR(20)), 20)
WHEN #SortOrder = 'name' THEN name
ELSE sort_order
END
The key is getting all of your sortable columns (or expressions) to end up as the same data type.