I know this has been asked elsewhere, but I can't find the precise situation (and understand it!) so I'm hoping someone might be able to help with code here.
There's an array of changes to be made. Simplified it's:
$title = "Tom's wife is called Tomasina";
$change_to = array(
"Tom" => "Fred",
"wife" => "girlfriend",
);
$title = preg_replace_callback('(\w+)', function( $match )use( $change_to ) {
return $array[$match[1]];
}, $title);
I'm hoping to get back "Fred's girlfriend is called Tomasina" but I'm getting all sorts of stuff back depending on how I tweak the code - none of which works!
I'm pretty certain I'm missing something blindingly obvious so I apologise if I can't see it!
Thank you!
There are several issues:
Use $change_to in the anonymous function, not $array
Use regex delimiters around the pattern (e.g. /.../, /\w+/)
If there is no such an item in $change_to return the match value, else, it will get removed (the check can be performed with isset($change_to[$match[0]])).
Use
$title = "Tom's wife is called Tomasina";
$change_to = array(
"Tom" => "Fred",
"wife" => "girlfriend",
);
$title = preg_replace_callback('/\w+/', function( $match ) use ( $change_to ) {
return isset($change_to[$match[0]]) ? $change_to[$match[0]] : $match[0];
}, $title);
echo $title;
// => Fred's girlfriend is called Tomasina
See the PHP demo.
Also, if your string can contain any Unicode letters, use '/\w+/u' regex.
Related
CakePHP 3.7
I'm trying to generate a query which uses a WHERE...OR pattern. The equivalent in MySQL - which executes and gives the results I want is:
SELECT * FROM groups Groups WHERE (regulation_id = 1 AND label like '%labelling%') OR (id IN(89,1,8,232,228,276,268,294));
I've read the Advanced Conditions (https://book.cakephp.org/3.0/en/orm/query-builder.html#advanced-conditions) part of the documentation but can't generate that query.
Assume the Table class is Groups I have this:
$Groups = TableRegistry::getTableLocator()->get('Groups');
$groups_data = $Groups->find('all')->where(['regulation_id' => 1);
$groups_data = $groups_data->where(['label LIKE' => '%labelling%']);
This produces the first segment of the WHERE statement, i.e.
SELECT * FROM groups Groups WHERE (regulation_id = 1 AND label like '%labelling%')
However I can't see how to attach the OR condition, especially since orWhere() is deprecated.
So I've tried this - which is even given as an example in the docs:
$in_array = [89,1,8,232,228,276,268,294]; // ID's for IN condition
$groups_data = $groups_data->where(['OR' => ['id IN' => $in_array]]);
But this just appends an AND to the inside of my existing SQL:
SELECT * FROM groups Groups WHERE (regulation_id = 1 AND label like '%labelling%' AND id IN(89,1,8,232,228,276,268,294);
Which does not yield the correct results as the syntax isn't what's required to run this query.
How do you "move out" of the WHERE and append an OR condition like in the vanilla query?
I made several attempts using QueryExpression as per the docs, but all of these produced PHP Fatal Errors saying something to do with the Table class - I doubt this was on the right lines anyway.
"moving out" is a little tricky, you have to understand that internally the conditions are pushed into a \Cake\Database\Expression\QueryExpression object which by default uses AND to concatenate the statements, so whatever you push on to that, will be added using AND.
When you create OR statements, being it implicitly with the shown nested array syntax, or explicitly by using the expression builder, this creates a separate, self-contained expression, where its parts are being concatenated using OR, it will compile itself (and since there's only one condition, you don't see any OR's), and the result will be used in the parent expression, which in your case is the main/base expression object for the queries where clause.
Either pass the whole thing at once (being it via array syntax or expressions), eg:
$groups_data->where([
'OR' => [
'AND' => [
'regulation_id' => 1,
'label LIKE' => '%labelling%'
],
'id IN' => $in_array
]
]);
and of course you could build that array dynamically if required, or, if you for some reason need to use separate calls to where(), you could for example overwrite the conditions (third parameter of where()), and include the current ones where you need them:
$groups_data->where(
[
'OR' => [
$groups_data->clause('where'),
'id IN' => $in_array
]
],
[],
true
);
I know this issue is old but maybe someone is looking. Here is my solution:
protected $_hardValues= array(
'company_id' => $company_from_session;
);
function beforeFind($event=null, $query = null, $options = null, $primary = true){
$conds = [];
$columns = $this->getSchema()->columns();
foreach( $this->_hardValues as $field => $value){
if( !is_null($value) && in_array($field, $columns) ){
$conds[$this->_alias . '.' . $field] = $value;
}
}
if( empty( $conds)) return true;
$where = $query->clause('where'); //QueryExpression object;
if( empty( $where)){
$query->where($conds);
}else{
$where->add($conds);
}
}
As of CakePHP 4.x, the documented way of doing this is:
$query = $articles->find()
->where([
'author_id' => 3,
'OR' => [['view_count' => 2], ['view_count' => 3]],
]);
See documentation
I'm a novice perl programmer trying to identify which elements are in one array of hashes but not in another. I'm trying to search through the "new" array, identifying the id, title, and created elements that don't exist from the "old" array.
I believe I have it working with a set of basic for() loops, but I'd like to do it more efficiently. This only came after having tried to use grep() and failed.
These arrays are built from a database as such:
use DBI;
use strict;
use Data::Dumper;
use Array::Utils qw(:all);
sub db_connect_new();
sub db_disconnect_new($);
sub db_connect_old();
sub db_disconnect_old($);
my $dbh_old = db_connect_old();
my $dbh_new = db_connect_new();
# get complete list of articles on each host first (Joomla! system)
my $sql_old = "select id,title,created from mos_content;";
my $sql_new = "select id,title,created from xugc_content;";
my $sth_old = $dbh_old->prepare($sql_old);
my $sth_new = $dbh_new->prepare($sql_new);
$sth_old->execute();
$sth_new->execute();
my $ref_old;
my $ref_new;
while ($ref_old = $sth_old->fetchrow_hashref()) {
push #rv_old, $ref_old;
}
while ($ref_new = $sth_new->fetchrow_hashref()) {
push #rv_new, $ref_new;
}
my #seen = ();
my #notseen = ();
foreach my $i (#rv_old) {
my $id = $i->{id};
my $title = $i->{title};
my $created = $i->{created};
my $seen = 0;
foreach my $j (#rv_new) {
if ($i->{id} == $j->{id}) {
push #seen, $i;
$seen = 1;
}
}
if ($seen == 0) {
print "$i->{id},$i->{title},$i->{state},$i->{catid},$i->{created}\n";
push #notseen, $i;
}
}
The arrays look like this when using Dumper(#rv_old) to print them:
$VAR1 = {
'title' => 'Legal Notice',
'created' => '2004-10-07 00:17:45',
'id' => 14
};
$VAR2 = {
'created' => '2004-11-15 16:04:06',
'id' => 86096,
'title' => 'IRC'
};
$VAR3 = {
'id' => 16,
'created' => '2004-10-07 16:15:29',
'title' => 'About'
};
I tried to use grep() using array references, but I don't think I understand arrays, hashes, and references well enough to do it properly. My failed grep() attempts are below. I'd appreciate any ideas of how to do this properly.
I believe the problem with this is that I don't know how to reference the id field in the second array of hashes. Most of the examples using grep() that I've seen are to just look through an entire array, like you would with regular grep(1). I need to iterate through one array, checking each of the values from the id field with the id field from another array.
my $rv_old_ref = \#rv_old;
my $rv_new_ref = \#rv_new;
for my $i ( 0 .. $#rv_old) {
my $match = grep { $rv_new_ref->$_ == $rv_old_ref->$_ } #rv_new;
push #notseen, $match if !$match;
}
I also tried variations on the grep() above:
1) if (($p) = grep ($hash_ref->{id}, #rv_old)) {
2) if ($hash_ref->{id} ~~ #rv_old) {
There are a number of libraries that compare arrays. However, your comparison involves complex data structures (the arrays have hashrefs as elements) and this at least complicates use of all modules that I am aware of.
So here is a way to do it by hand. I use the shown array and its copy with one value changed.
use warnings;
use strict;
use feature 'say';
use List::Util qw(none); # in List::MoreUtils with older Perls
use Data::Dump qw(dd pp);
sub hr_eq {
my ($e1, $e2) = #_;
return 0 if scalar keys %$e1 != scalar keys %$e2;
foreach my $k1 (keys %$e1) {
return 0 if !exists($e2->{$k1}) or $e1->{$k1} ne $e2->{$k1};
}
return 1
}
my #a1 = (
{ 'title' => 'Legal Notice', 'created' => '2004-10-07 00:17:45', 'id' => 14 },
{ 'created' => '2004-11-15 16:04:06', 'id' => 86096, 'title' => 'IRC' },
{ 'id' => 16, 'created' => '2004-10-07 16:15:29', 'title' => 'About' }
);
my #a2 = (
{ 'title' => 'Legal Notice', 'created' => '2004-10-07 00:17:45', 'id' => 14 },
{ 'created' => '2004-11-15 16:xxx:06', 'id' => 86096, 'title' => 'IRC' },
{ 'id' => 16, 'created' => '2004-10-07 16:15:29', 'title' => 'About' }
);
my #only_in_two = grep {
my $e2 = $_;
none { hr_eq($e2, $_) } #a1;
} #a2;
dd \#only_in_two;
This correctly identifies the element in #a2 that doesn't exist in #a1 (with xxx in timestamp).
Notes
This finds what elements of one array are not in another, not the full difference between arrays. It is what the question specifically asks for.
The comparison relies on details of your data structure (hashref); there's no escaping that, unless you want to reach for more comprehensive libraries (like Test::More).
This uses string comparison, ne, even for numbers and timestamps. See whether it makes sense for your real data to use more appropriate comparisons for particular elements.
Searching through a whole list for each element of a list is an O(N*M) algorithm. Solutions of such (quadratic) complexity are usable as long as data isn't too big; however, once data gets big enough so that size increases have clear effects they break down rapidly (slow down to the point of being useless). Time it to get a feel for this in your case.
An O(N+M) approach exists here, utilizing hashes, shown in ikegami answer. This is much better algorithmically, once the data is large enough for it to show. However, as your array carries complex data structure (hashrefs) a bit of work is needed to come up with a working program, specially as we don't know data. But if your data is sizable then you surely want to implement this.
Some comments on filtering.
The question correctly observes that for each element of an array, as it's processed in grep, the whole other array need be checked.
This is done in the body of grep using none from List::Util. It returns true if the code in its block evaluates false for all elements of the list; thus, if "none" of the elements satisfy that code. This is the heart of the requirement: an element must not be found in the other array.
Care is needed with the default $_ variable, since it is used by both grep and none.
In grep's block $_ aliases the currently processed element of the list, as grep goes through them one by one; we save it into a named variable ($e2). Then none comes along and in its block "takes possession" of $_, assigning elements of #a1 to it as it processes them. The current element of #a2 is also available since we have copied it into $e2.
The test performed in none is pulled into a a subroutine, which I call hr_eq to emphasize that it is specifically for equality comparison of (elements in) hashrefs.
It is in this sub where the details can be tweaked. Firstly, instead of bluntly using ne for values for each key, you can add custom comparisons for particular keys (numbers must use ==, etc). Then, if your data structures change this is where you'd adjust specifics.
You could use grep.
for my $new_row (#new_rows) {
say "$new_row->{id} not in old"
if !grep { $_->{id} == $new_row->{id} } #old_rows;
}
for my $old_row (#old_rows) {
say "$old_row->{id} not in new"
if !grep { $_->{id} == $old_row->{id} } #new_rows;
}
But that's an O(N*M) solution, while there exists an O(N+M) solution that would be far faster.
my %old_keys; ++$old_keys{ $_->{id} } for #old_rows;
my %new_keys; ++$new_keys{ $_->{id} } for #new_rows;
for my $new_row (#new_rows) {
say "$new_row->{id} not in old"
if !$old_keys{$new_row->{id}};
}
for my $old_row (#old_rows) {
say "$old_row->{id} not in new"
if !$new_keys{$old_row->{id}};
}
If both of your database connections are to the same database, this can be done far more efficiently within the database itself.
Create a temporary table with three fields, id, old_count (DEFAULT 0) and new_count (DEFAULT 0).
INSERT OR UPDATE from the old table into the temporary table, incrementing old_count in the process.
INSERT OR UPDATE from the new table into the temporary table, incrementing new_count in the process.
SELECT the rows of the temporary table which have 0 for old_count or 0 for new_count.
select id,title,created from mos_content
LEFT JOIN xugc_content USING(id)
WHERE xugc_content.id IS NULL;
Gives you the rows that are in mos_content but not in xugc_content.
That's even shorter than the Perl code.
I have a .plist file that can be seen by Data::Dumper into this form
$VAR1 = {
'SPOOLS' => [
'SPOOL1',
'SPOOL2',
'SPOOL3'
],
'path' => '/usr/local/thanks/for/your/help',
'contentMatch' => [
{
'priority' => '1',
'match' => '*.hello'
},
{
'match' => '*.guys',
'priority' => '2'
}
]
};
To access my .plist file in Perl, I use this code:
my $locPlist = "conf.plist";
my $configdict = NSDictionary->dictionaryWithContentsOfFile_($locPlist);
my $plistref = Foundation::perlRefFromObjectRef($configdict);
my %plist = %{$plistref};
I know how to access the "path" with "$plist{path}" and the SPOOLS array with "$plist{SPOOLS}[0]" but:
How can I get the of SPOOLS into an array, something like my #array = $plist{SPOOLS} and how can I also get the content of "contentMatch" ?
Thanks for your help!
EDIT:
Thank you so much for your help, I was able to access the data. But is there a cleaner way to get back the content from contentMatch in a hash and access directly instead of doing that:
my $number_matches = scalar #{ $plistref->{contentMatch} } ;
my $a = 0;
my %events;
foreach ( #{ $plistref->{contentMatch} } ) {
$events{match}[$a] = $_->{match};
$events{priority}[$a] = $_->{priority};
$a = $a+1;
}
Best,
Tim.
my #spools = #{ $plistref->{SPOOLS} };
my #content_match = #{ $plistref->{contentMatch} };
Or, to dig a little deeper into the contentMatch example:
foreach ( #{ $plistref->{contentMatch} } ) {
say "match: $_->{match}";
say "priority: $_->{priority}";
}
Plenty more information about dealing with complex data structures in Perl in the Perl Data Structures Cookbook.
Update: You ask for help accessing the contentMatch data in another way. I'm not really sure what you're asking - all your sample code seems to do is to transpose an array of hashes into a hash of arrays. And I think that the array of hashes is a much better representation of of the data.
But it's your code and your data. So I think this is how I'd write what you're trying to do.
my %events;
foreach ( #{ $plistref->{contentMatch} } ) {
push #{ $events{match} }, $_->{match};
push #{ $events{priority}, $_->{priority};
}
I'd be far happier keeping it as an array of hashes, and I've already given you that code.
my #content_match = #{ $plistref->{contentMatch} };
I think that understanding how complex data structures work in Perl is crucial to becoming a competent Perl programmer. I highly recommend getting to grips with the examples in perldsc.
I've read many similar topics here but not one helps me with problem.
i'm trying to get sections_id value from query in controller.
$query_id = "SELECT sections_id FROM sections WHERE name='".$table_name."'";
debug($id = $this->Info->query($query_id)); die();
there is debug result
array(
(int) 0 => array(
'sections' => array(
'sections_id' => '14'
)
)
)
and i tried in controller get value of id typing $id['sections']['sections_id'], or
$id['sections_id'] and many other types, nothing works. Do you have any idea ?
use $id[0]['sections']['sections_id'] to access it
For one result use
$data[0]['sections']['sections_id']
If query returns more than one result the use below code:
foreach($id as $data){
echo $data['sections']['sections_id']
}
Look for array index's carefully! Iinjoy
well i'm confused on how to insert "Checkboxes" values to SQL
here's my code
$form['last'] = array(
'#type' => 'checkboxes',
'#title' => "Just title",
'#options' => array(
'opt1' => "Option 1",
'opt2' => "Option 2",
),
as you can see my form consist of two checkbox, so how to get the value and insert to sql language. anyone can give an example or hint
here the method that i'm used to get the value (i know its very wrong)
function fasil_form_submit($form,&$form_state){
global $user;
$entry = array(
'uid' => $user->uid,
'test1' => $form_state['values']['1first'],
$jenis = 'aa_test';
$return = insert_form($entry,$jenis);
}
ps : sorry for my bad english
I'm not 100% sure what you're trying to do but I think you're trying to insert a value in the database for each of the checkboxes ticked? If so this is the quickest way:
function fasil_form_submit($form,&$form_state){
// Filter out un-checked items
$checked = array_filter($form_state['values']['last']);
global $user;
foreach ($checked as $value) {
$entry = array(
'uid' => $user->uid,
'test1' => $value
);
$jenis = 'aa_test';
insert_form($entry, $jenis);
}
}
As already mentioned in another answer the simplest way to see what you need to get from the form is to output $form_state['values'] in your submission function to see what was passed from the form.
However, rather than use the unsightly print_r and potentially messing up the form submission by calling exit prematurely (in Drupal 7 drupal_exit() should always be used instead of exit anyway), I strongly recommend you download and install the Devel module and use it's dpm() function to print the variable to the screen.
Any variable passed to dpm() is outputted to the standard Drupal messages area, and becomes an easy to navigate on-screen hierarchy of that variable like this:
You can use it absolutely anywhere in code within Drupal, e.g.
function fasil_form_submit($form,&$form_state){
// Output the form submission array to the messages area:
dpm($form_state['values']);
}
The Devel module is very good, and absolutely essential for any serious Drupal development.
Hope that helps.
Here's a quick way I like to look at my form output
function fasil_form_submit($form,&$form_state){
header('content-type: Text/plain');
print_r($form_state['values']);
exit;
global $user;
$entry = array(
'uid' => $user->uid,
'test1' => $form_state['values']['1first'],
$jenis = 'aa_test';
$return = insert_form($entry,$jenis);
}
Now those 3 lines should make it clear how Drupal is submitting the data.
I believe you will need to loop through $form_state['values']['last'] and test that the key is not set to 0.
function fasil_form_submit($form,&$form_state){
global $user;
foreach ($form_state['values']['last'] as $key => $value) {
if (value != 0) {
// $form_state['values']['last'][$key] was checked
}
else {
// $form_state['values']['last'][$key] not checked
}
}
}